Global ETD Search

181	Photodynamiques moléculaires sondées par imagerie de vecteurs vitesses et génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé Thiré, Nicolas 17 November 2011 (has links) (PDF) Cette thèse traite de l'étude de phénomènes ultra-rapides, et plus particulièrement de dynamiques de relaxation initiées par une impulsion femtoseconde (10-15 s). Dans la première partie, l'imagerie de vecteurs vitesses a permis d'étudier deux systèmes : l'iodure de méthyle (CH3I), excité dans son premier état de Rydberg et le tetrathiafulvalène (TTF - C6H4S4). Dans le TTF, le but est de caractériser les deux bandes majoritaires d'absorption vers 300 nm. Durant l'étude de la prédissociation de CH3I, la distribution vibrationnelle du fragment CH3 a été caractérisée, alors que pour le TTF une force de liaison du dimère a été extraite. L'interprétation des spectres de photoélectrons de CH3I permet une bonne compréhension des dynamiques depuis et/ou en résonance avec des états proches du potentiel d'ionisation. Dans la seconde partie, la structure électronique d'atomes ou de molécules est sondée par la génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé (GHOE). Le minimum de la section efficace totale de photoionisation de l'argon (minimum de Cooper) a été observé et étudié dans le spectre harmonique. Cette étude a permis, entre autre, la mise au point d'un modèle théorique fiable et complet. Dans une autre étude, la GHOE a montré la sensibilité du rayonnement harmonique à la chiralité lors de interaction des 2 énantiomères de la fenchone (C10H16O), avec un rayonnement polarisé elliptiquement. Pour finir, l'utilisation de la GHOE pour sonder une dynamique moléculaire, amorcée par un réseau transitoire d'excitation à 400 nm, a été réalisée sur le dioxyde d'azote (NO2). Ceci à l'échelle picoseconde : photodissociation, et femtoseconde : transfert de population par le biais d'une intersection conique. Photodynamique moléculaire Imagerie de vecteurs vitesses Impulsion femtoseconde Optique non-linéaire Interaction rayonnement-matière Spectroscopie de photoélectrons État de Rydberg
182	Theoretical methods for non-relativistic quantum and classical scattering processes Akilesh Venkatesh (14210354) 05 December 2022 (has links) <p>This dissertation discusses the theoretical methods for quantum scattering in the context of x-ray scattering from electrons and classical scattering in the context of collisions between Rydberg atoms.</p> <p><br></p> <p>A method for describing non-relativistic x-ray scattering from bound electrons is presented. The approach described incorporates the full spatial dependence of the incident x-ray field and is non-perturbative in the incident x-ray field. The x-ray scattering probability obtained by numerical solution for the case of free-electrons is bench-marked with well known analytical free-electron results.</p> <p><br></p> <p>A recent investigation by Fuchs \emph{et al.} [Nat. Phys. 11, 964 (2015)] revealed an anomalous frequency shift of at least 800 eV in non-linear Compton scattering of high-intensity x-rays by electrons in solid beryllium. The x-ray scattering approach described is used to explore the role of binding energy, band structure, electron-electron correlation and a semi-Compton channel in the frequency shift of scattered x-rays for different scattered angles. The results of the calculation do not exhibit an additional redshift for the scattered x-rays beyond the non-linear Compton shift predicted by the free-electron model. </p> <p><br></p> <p>The interference between Compton scattering and nonlinear Compton scattering from a two-color field in the x-ray regime is theoretically analyzed for bound electrons. A discussion of the underlying phase shifts and the dependence of the interference effect on the polarizations of the incident and outgoing fields are presented. </p> <p><br></p> <p>The problem of using x-ray scattering to image the dynamics of an electron in a bound system is examined. Previous work on imaging electronic wave-packet dynamics with x-ray scattering revealed that the scattering patterns deviate substantially from the notion of instantaneous momentum density of the wave packet. Here we show that the scattering patterns can provide clear insights into the electronic wave packet dynamics if the final state of the scattered electron and the scattered photon momentum are determined simultaneously. The scattering probability is shown to be proportional to the modulus square of the Fourier transform of the instantaneous electronic spatial wave function weighted by the final state of the electron.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Collisional ionization between Rydberg atoms is examined. The dependence of the ionization cross section on the magnitude and the direction of orbital angular momentum of the electrons and the direction of the Laplace-Runge-Lenz vector of the electrons is studied. The case of exchange ionization is examined and its dependence on the magnitude of angular momentum of the electrons is discussed.</p> <p><br></p> X-ray Scattering Ultrafast physics nonlinear x-ray physics Compton scattering interference effects perturbative methods Non-Perturbative Calculation X-ray imaging technique Electronic Dynamics XFEL Rydberg atoms Penning ionization TDSE orientation classical scattering dynamics
183	Collective Quantum Jumps of Rydberg Atoms Undergoing Two-Channel Spontaneous Emission Cayayan, Lyndon Mark D. 10 August 2016 (has links) No description available. Physics Optics Theoretical Physics Quantum Physics
184	Formation de molécules froides par photoassociation d'atomes froids de césium. Mise en évidence de forces à longue portée entre atomes froids excités de césium. Comparat, Daniel 23 September 1999 (has links) (PDF) Cette thèse porte sur l'étude expérimentale et l'interprétation théorique des processus de photoassociation et de formation de molécules froides de césium, ainsi que sur l'étude des forces dipolaires entre une paire d'atomes de césium froids excités. La photoassociation moléculaire d'atomes froids de césium a été réalisée expérimentalement : deux atomes absorbent un photon pour former une molécule électroniquement excitée dans un état de rotation-vibration donné. L'expérience a permis la première observation de molécules translationnellement froides obtenues après désexcitation spontanée des molécules photoassociées. La forme en double puits des courbes de potentiel des états moléculaires $0_g^- (6s+6p_(3/2))$ et $1_u (6s+6p_(3/2))$ du césium est la clé de l'efficacité du processus. Ces molécules froides formées sont détectées sélectivement par temps de vol après leur photoionisation en ions Cs$_2^+$. Des températures de $20-200\,\mu$K ont été mesurées. La photoassociation offre une méthode de spectroscopie à haute résolution qui permet d'atteindre des états moléculaires de grande élongation, donnant accès aux données asymptotiques. La spectroscopie du puits de potentiel externe de l'état $0_g^-(6s+6p_(3/2))$ du césium a été effectuée et est analysée par une approche R.K.R.. Une théorie unifiée de la photoassociation en champ faible, vue comme une collision assistée par laser, est développée dans ce manuscrit. Les expériences avec les atomes froids permettent l'étude des collisions entre deux atomes soumis à une interaction mutuelle à grande distance de type dipôle-dipôle. Deux systèmes physiques différents sont étudiés : une assemblée d'atomes de Rydberg et la photoassociation. La modification du mouvement d'une paire d'atomes offre la possibilité de ``contrôler" les forces dipolaires et de ``choisir" les vitesses relatives entre atomes. Refroidissement laser Spectroscopie moléculaire Molécules diatomiques Atomes de Rydberg Piège magnéto-optique Haute résolution Dimères d'alcalins Temps de vol Interaction à grande distance R.K.R Photoassociation Transition dipolaire Molécules froides Théories asymptotiques Collisions froides Césium Lois de seuils Forces à longues portées Forces de Van der Walls Equations couplées Facteur de Franck-Condon Interaction dipôle-dipôle Effets de retard Cas de Hund Etats de grande élongation Théorie de LeRoy-Bernstein Symétries moléculaires Born-Oppenheimer
185	Highway Development Decision-Making Under Uncertainty: Analysis, Critique and Advancement El-Khatib, Mayar January 2010 (has links) While decision-making under uncertainty is a major universal problem, its implications in the field of transportation systems are especially enormous; where the benefits of right decisions are tremendous, the consequences of wrong ones are potentially disastrous. In the realm of highway systems, decisions related to the highway configuration (number of lanes, right of way, etc.) need to incorporate both the traffic demand and land price uncertainties. In the literature, these uncertainties have generally been modeled using the Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) process, which has been used extensively in modeling many other real life phenomena. But few scholars, including those who used the GBM in highway configuration decisions, have offered any rigorous justification for the use of this model. This thesis attempts to offer a detailed analysis of various aspects of transportation systems in relation to decision-making. It reveals some general insights as well as a new concept that extends the notion of opportunity cost to situations where wrong decisions could be made. Claiming deficiency of the GBM model, it also introduces a new formulation that utilizes a large and flexible parametric family of jump models (i.e., Lévy processes). To validate this claim, data related to traffic demand and land prices were collected and analyzed to reveal that their distributions, heavy-tailed and asymmetric, do not match well with the GBM model. As a remedy, this research used the Merton, Kou, and negative inverse Gaussian Lévy processes as possible alternatives. Though the results show indifference in relation to final decisions among the models, mathematically, they improve the precision of uncertainty models and the decision-making process. This furthers the quest for optimality in highway projects and beyond. highway development decision making under uncertainty real options jump processes infinitely divisible distributions Lévy processes measure theory characteristic function characteristic exponent Lévy jump measure probability measure cádlág stochastic process Wiener process Poisson process compound Poisson process finite activity models jump diffusion models Merton model Gaussian jump process Kou model double exponential jump process leptokurtic volatility smile infinite activity models pure jumps process generalized hyperbolic model modified Bessel function negative inverse Gaussian model geometric Brownian motion model log-normal distribution model normality assumption heavy-tailed distribution asymmetric distribution quantile-quantile plot Rydberg algorithm parameter calibration moments cummulants sum of squares Monte Carlo simulation least-squares regression backward dynamic programming discrete-time Markov chain land price traffic demand highway service quality index data collection traffic volume Annual Average Daily Traffic Ontario Ministry of Transportation Land Registry Office Freedom of Information Act seasonality value of transportation types of transportation systems importance of highway systems cost of wrong decisions monetary cost private sector cost human cost land expropriation environmental cost irreversibility cost factor time cost factor political cost factor opportunity cost opportunity cost of wrong decisions economic cost of wrong decisions economic cost of mis-estimation economic profit of wrong decisions cost of inaction price of making right decisions scope of decisions rehabilitation decision land acquisition decision expansion decision uncertainty modeling land acquisition cost expropriation cost construction cost material cost Montréal-Mirabel International Airport Pickering Airport 407 Express Toll Route Highway 407 Statistics
186	Highway Development Decision-Making Under Uncertainty: Analysis, Critique and Advancement El-Khatib, Mayar January 2010 (has links) While decision-making under uncertainty is a major universal problem, its implications in the field of transportation systems are especially enormous; where the benefits of right decisions are tremendous, the consequences of wrong ones are potentially disastrous. In the realm of highway systems, decisions related to the highway configuration (number of lanes, right of way, etc.) need to incorporate both the traffic demand and land price uncertainties. In the literature, these uncertainties have generally been modeled using the Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) process, which has been used extensively in modeling many other real life phenomena. But few scholars, including those who used the GBM in highway configuration decisions, have offered any rigorous justification for the use of this model. This thesis attempts to offer a detailed analysis of various aspects of transportation systems in relation to decision-making. It reveals some general insights as well as a new concept that extends the notion of opportunity cost to situations where wrong decisions could be made. Claiming deficiency of the GBM model, it also introduces a new formulation that utilizes a large and flexible parametric family of jump models (i.e., Lévy processes). To validate this claim, data related to traffic demand and land prices were collected and analyzed to reveal that their distributions, heavy-tailed and asymmetric, do not match well with the GBM model. As a remedy, this research used the Merton, Kou, and negative inverse Gaussian Lévy processes as possible alternatives. Though the results show indifference in relation to final decisions among the models, mathematically, they improve the precision of uncertainty models and the decision-making process. This furthers the quest for optimality in highway projects and beyond. highway development decision making under uncertainty real options jump processes infinitely divisible distributions Lévy processes measure theory characteristic function characteristic exponent Lévy jump measure probability measure cádlág stochastic process Wiener process Poisson process compound Poisson process finite activity models jump diffusion models Merton model Gaussian jump process Kou model double exponential jump process leptokurtic volatility smile infinite activity models pure jumps process generalized hyperbolic model modified Bessel function negative inverse Gaussian model geometric Brownian motion model log-normal distribution model normality assumption heavy-tailed distribution asymmetric distribution quantile-quantile plot Rydberg algorithm parameter calibration moments cummulants sum of squares Monte Carlo simulation least-squares regression backward dynamic programming discrete-time Markov chain land price traffic demand highway service quality index data collection traffic volume Annual Average Daily Traffic Ontario Ministry of Transportation Land Registry Office Freedom of Information Act seasonality value of transportation types of transportation systems importance of highway systems cost of wrong decisions monetary cost private sector cost human cost land expropriation environmental cost irreversibility cost factor time cost factor political cost factor opportunity cost opportunity cost of wrong decisions economic cost of wrong decisions economic cost of mis-estimation economic profit of wrong decisions cost of inaction price of making right decisions scope of decisions rehabilitation decision land acquisition decision expansion decision uncertainty modeling land acquisition cost expropriation cost construction cost material cost Montréal-Mirabel International Airport Pickering Airport 407 Express Toll Route Highway 407 Statistics

Page generated in 0.0243 seconds