In this Master we have studied classification system and alternative arrangements of books in a public library. The public libraries in Sweden use the SAB classification system. This system was created nearly a hundred years ago in order to suit the librarians and the Swedish society at the time. Today many library users find the system difficult to understand. This and other factors have inspired a number of libraries to arrange books in an alternative and more user-friendly way. We chose Jönköping public library to study their alternative arrangement of fiction books for children and youth. The purpose was to find out why and how the new alternative arrangement of books was done and where the inspiration behind the changes came from. We also wanted to know how the new shelf system had been perceived by the children and the personal staff. We made interviews with three librarians in the library and a questionnaire to the children who visited the library. In order to get a theoretical background we studied classification and alternative shelf systems in literature and in a few Masters. It seems that the main purpose behind the alternative arrangements in Jönköping public library was to make the library more user-friendly and self-instructive. In both interviews and questionnaire the respondents gave a positive picture of the new shelf-system. / Uppsatsnivå: D

The SAB-system (Klassifikationssystem för svenska bibliotek) was created almost a hundred years ago and has often been viewed as insufficient among many academic libraries. KB (Kungliga Biblioteket) has therefore decided to change to DDC (Dewey Decimal Classification) which means that the Swedish libraries are now facing a challenge that involves a change to a new classification system. This is a comparable situation that occured when the SAB-system was created. The aim of this Master’s thesis is to examine the Swedish library sector´s approach to a new classification system, first to the SAB-system and then to DDC. The Swedish library sector is demarcated into four groups. The character of the discussion, approaches and discourses within the discussions and the consequences of the approaches will be examined. Discourse analysis serves as theory and method. Laclau’s and Mouffe’s discourse theory is used together with Neumann´s three step model to analyze the research material that consists of different types of documents. The analysis shows three discourses in the material about the switch to DDC: the rational discourse, the economic discourse and the instrumental discourse. Three discourses were also found in the material about the switch to the SAB-system: quality discourse, the national discourse and the rational discourse. Five approaches are identified within these discourses: the uncritical approach, the national approach, the rational approach, the economic approach and the instrumental approach.

Swedish libraries are currently discussing andimplementing the classification system Dewey (DDC).Most libraries in Sweden have used the Swedishclassification system SAB until recently. In 2008 TheRoyal Library of Sweden (KB) decided to switch fromSAB to DDC. Many academic libraries chose to followKB’s example and by January 2011 a switch was made atKB and at many academic libraries.The aim of this master thesis is to examine and analysethe library sector’s discussion that occurred before andduring the Swedish switch from SAB to DDC. The mainquestion asked is; What is being discussed about Dewey2010-2011 and in what manner? To organize and anlysethis discussion discourse analysis is used. Discourseanalysis by Laclau and Mouffe is used both as methodand theoretic ground. The material which has beenanalyzed consists of the library sector’s discussions andstatements found in journals, reports, blogs, meetingprotocols and seminar.The analysis shows four different discourses; thetransition discourse, the spatial discourse, the instrumentaldiscourse and the public library discourse. In conclusion,it can be argued that the transfer to Dewey has gone froma planning stage to an implementing stage at academiclibraries. Public libraries in Sweden have shown lessinterest and are considered to be in a planning stageparallel to the academic libraries implementing stage.Earlier discussions about pros and cons with Dewey havealmost disappeared 2010-2011 and discussions of spatialmatters are frequently occurring in the material. / Program: Bibliotekarie

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Data de aprova??o retirada da vers?o impressa do trabalho. / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-01-04T19:50:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) edgard_ronny_delgado_huamani.pdf: 5898825 bytes, checksum: 78eee370de5fed297b3181e82d98f63d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-01-17T18:40:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) edgard_ronny_delgado_huamani.pdf: 5898825 bytes, checksum: 78eee370de5fed297b3181e82d98f63d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-17T18:40:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) edgard_ronny_delgado_huamani.pdf: 5898825 bytes, checksum: 78eee370de5fed297b3181e82d98f63d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Neste trabalho, Carbon Dots (CD) oxidados foram preparados a partir de rea??es de desidrata??o/oxida??o ?cida da celulose, e posteriormente desoxigenados em meio alcalino e rea??o com sulfato de hidrazina. As caracteriza??es dos CD foram feitas com Microscopia eletr?nica de Transmiss?o, FTIR, titula??o potenciom?trica, Resson?ncia Magn?tica Nuclear de 13C e espectroscopia UV-Vis e fluoresc?ncia. Os resultados obtidos com estas caracteriza??es mostraram que a amostra oxidada apresenta um tamanho m?dio aproximadamente de 2,7 nm com uma significativa quantidade de grupos funcionais oxigenados ?cidos, dos quais 63% s?o ?cidos carbox?licos. Ap?s as rea??es de modifica??o superficial foi verificado que em meio alcalino ocorre somente uma elimina??o de nanoestruturas mais oxidadas, enquanto que na rea??o com hidrazina ocorre a redu??o de alguns grupos carbox?licos e ep?xidos com forma??o de grupos funcionais hidrazonas. Como consequ?ncia da modifica??o superficial, as propriedades ?pticas dos CD s?o alteradas significativamente. Com a redu??o, o band gap diminui e a energia da emiss?o aumenta, deslocando-se para a regi?o azul do espectro eletromagn?tico. Uma vez caracterizados, a parti??o de todos os CD preparados foi investigada em diferentes Sistemas Aquosos Bif?sicos (SAB), nos quais foram avaliados os efeitos dos c?tions e ?nions dos sais, dos pol?meros e do pH inicial do sistema no coeficiente de parti??o (K). Em adi??o foi avaliado o efeito da modifica??o superficial das nanopart?culas. A rela??o do K com comprimento da linha de amarra??o (CLA), o par?metro termodin?mico dos SAB foi estudado para todos os sistemas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a melhor separa??o ocorreu com o sistema PEO1500+sulfato de l?tio+?gua em pH=3 e usando os Carbon Dots reduzidos com hidrazina. O valor do K para este sistema foi de 64,4. Por outro lado, o menor valor de K foi 0,79, foi obtido para o sistema PEG1500+tartarato de s?dio+?gua em pH=6 e usando Carbon Dots oxidados. As an?lises detalhadas das fases superior e inferior de alguns destes sistemas com espectroscopia de fluoresc?ncia mostraram que os SAB s?o capazes, al?m de particionar, separar as nanopart?culas com diferentes propriedades ?pticas, as quais est?o diretamente associadas ?s propriedades superficiais e tamanho de part?culas. Por fim, n?s avaliamos a atividade catal?tica foto-Fentom dos CD na degrada??o do corante ani?nico ?ndigo de carmim e os resultados mostraram que os CD apresentam atividade fotocatal?tica neste sistema. Devido ? alta parti??o verificada para o sistema PEG1500+ sulfato de l?tio+?gua, este foi usado para avaliar a potencialidade de seu uso em cat?lise de transfer?ncia de fase usando CD como fotocatalisador e o corante ?ndigo de carmim como mol?cula modelo. Apesar da complexidade e da dificuldade de caracteriza??o dos produtos da foto-oxida??o no SAB, os resultados obtidos indicam que o sistema testado pode ser usado em rea??es de transfer?ncia de fase fotocatalisadas. Como conclus?o final, acredita-se que os resultados apresentados, em especial, a parti??o/sele??o das nanopart?culas com distintas propriedades ?pticas s?o de extrema import?ncia para o desenvolvimento de novas e eficazes aplica??es dos CD. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / In this work, oxidized Carbon Dots (CD) were prepared by a dehydration/oxidation reaction of cellulose and subsequently deoxygenated in alkaline medium and reaction with hydrazine sulfate. The CD characterizations were made with Transmission Electron Microscopy, FTIR, potentiometric titration. 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results obtained with these characterizations showed that the oxidized sample has an average size of 2.7 nm with a significant amount of acid oxygenated functional groups, of which 63% are carboxylic acids. After the superficial modification reactions, it was verified that in alkaline conditions only one elimination of more oxidized nanostructures occurs, whereas in the reaction with hydrazine the reduction of some carboxylic groups and epoxides with formation of hydrazones functional groups. As a consequence of the surface modification, the optical properties of the CD are significantly changed. The band gap decreases and the emission energy increases, shifting to the blue region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Once characterized, the partitioning of all CD prepared was investigated in differente Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS), in which the effects of the cations and anions of salts, of the polymers and the initial pH of the system in the partition coefficient (K) were evaluated. In addition, the surface modification effect of the nanoparticles was evaluated. The relationship of K with Tie Line Length (TLL), the thermodynamic parameter of the ATPS was studied for all systems. The results showed that the best separation occurred with the system PEO1500 + lithium sulfate + water at pH = 3 and using the reduced carbon dots with hydrazine. The K value for this system was 64,4. On the other hand, the lowest K value was 0,79, it was obtained for the system PEG1500 + sodium tartrate + water at pH = 6 and using oxidized carbon dots. The detailed analysis of the upper and lower phases of some of these systems with fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the ATPS are capable, in addition to partition, to separate the nanoparticles with different optical properties, which are associated directly to the surface properties and particle size. Finally, we evaluated the photo-Fentom catalytic activity of the CD in the degradation of the anionic anion dye indigo carmine and the results showed that the CD present photocatalytic activity in this system. Due to the high partition found for the PEG1500 + lithium + water sulfate system, it was used to evaluate the potentiality of its use in phase transfer catalysis using CD as a photocatalyst and the indigo carmine dye as a model molecule. Despite the complexity and difficulty of characterizing the photo-oxidation products in ATPS the results indicate that the system tested can be used in photocatalysed phase transfer reactions. As a final conclusion, we believe that the results presented, in particular, the partitioning / selection of nanoparticles with different optical properties are of extreme importance for the new and effective applications of CD.

Introdução: A osteoporose (OP) é doença caracterizada pela fragilidade do osso e, consequentemente, pelo incremento do risco de fraturas. É considerada problema de saúde pública na maioria dos países. Evidências epidemiológicas apontam associação entre variáveis sociodemográficas, variáveis de estilo de vida (como a ingestão de alimentos e de bebidas alcoólicas e hábito de fumar), e indicadores antropométricos (como índice de massa corporal -IMC-) e risco de OP e fraturas osteoporóticas. Objetivo: Estimar a incidência de OP e a prevalência de fraturas referidas, em idosos domiciliados no Município de São Paulo e verificar associação com variáveis sociodemográficas, de estilo de vida, e IMC. Método: analisaram-se dados do Estudo SABE (Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento) 2000 - 2006, o qual é estudo epidemiológico, longitudinal, de base domiciliar, cuja amostra inicial foi composta por 2143 idosos (&#8805;60 anos), de ambos os sexos, residentes habituais de domicílios urbanos no Município de São Paulo, e selecionados por amostragem probabilística, sendo que 829 idosos (39%) constituíram a amostra de estudo, em 2000, para análise da incidência de OP referida, em 2006, e 1072 idosos (50%) foi a amostra de estudo para análise de prevalência de fraturas após 60 anos referidas, em 2006. Investigou-se a associação entre variáveis sociodemográficas (sexo, grupo etário, vida no campo por 5 anos ou mais durante a infância ou adolescência, escolaridade e etnia), de estilo de vida (ingestão referida de leite e produtos lácteos, ovos e leguminosas, carnes, peixes e aves, frutas e verduras, frequência de ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas, e hábito de fumar); e variável antropométrica (IMC), com relação à referência de OP e fraturas após 60 anos, em 2006. Para verificar associação entre as variáveis categóricas e o desfecho, utilizou-se o teste de Rao & Scott (p<0,05) e a análise de regressão logística univariada (IC95%).O programa Stata, versão 10.1 foi usado para realizar os cálculos estatísticos. Resultados: Houve 114 casos novos de OP referida em 2006, sendo que o coeficiente de incidência (CI) de OP referida foi estimado em 13,93/1000 pessoas-ano (IC95%=11,60 16,87). O CI de OP referida em mulheres foi 22,95/1000 pessoas-ano (IC95%: 19,08 27,87), e 3,34/1000 pessoas-ano (IC95%: 1,85 6,73), em homens.A prevalência de fraturas após os 60 anos referidas foi 17,16%. Sexo feminino (OR= 7,69; p=0,000) e ingestão referida de bebidas alcoólicas < 4 vezes/semana (OR= 2,26; p=0,019), foram fatores de risco para referência de OP. Sexo feminino (OR=2,38;p=0,000), idade avançada (&#8805;75 anos)(OR=1,72; p=0,012), ingestão referida de bebidas alcoólicas < 4 vezes/semana (OR=2,45; p=0,016), referência de OP em 2000 (OR=1,75; p=0,048), e referência de OP em 2006 (OR=2,29; p=0,000), foram fatores de risco para referência de fraturas após 60 anos. Conclusões: sexo feminino, idade avançada foram fatores de risco para OP e fraturas após os 60 anos. Dentre as variáveis modificáveis, a ingestão de bebida alcoólica com frequência &#8805; 4 vezes/semana, esteve negativamente associado à referência de OP e fraturas após 60 anos. / Introduction: Osteoporosis (OP) is a disease characterized by bone fragility and increased risk of fractures. It is considered a public health problem worldwide. Epidemiological studies have found association between sociodemographic, lifestyle and anthropometrical variables and increased risk of OP and osteoporotic fractures. Objetive: To estimate incidence of self-reported OP, in 2006, and prevalence of fractures after the age of 60 year-old, on a sample of elderly individuals from the Município de São Paulo, and verify association between selected variables and outcome. Method: based on data from the SABE Study (health, well-being and aging) 2000 - 2006, which is an epidemiological prospective study of a probabilistic household sample of elderly population ((&#8805; 66 y), of both sexes, from São Paulo City, Brazil. Association between sociodemographic (sex, age, life in rural area for 5 year or more during childhood or adolescence, schooling, and race) lifestyle (reported food intake (milk and dairy products, eggs and legumes, meat, fish and poultry, fruit and vegetables), reported alcoholic beverages intake) and smoking habit; and anthropometrics\' variables, such as body mass index (BMI) and self-reported OP and fractures after the age of 60 year-old, in 2006. Rao & Scott Test was used to verify association between the categorical variables and outcome (p<0,05) as well as simple logistic regression (CI95%). Stata software, version 10.1, was used for statistical calculation. Results: There were 114 new cases of self-reported OP in 2006, and an incidence rate of 13,93/1000 persons-year (IC95%=11,60 - 16,87). In women the incidence rate was 22,95/1000 persons-year (CI95%: 19,08 - 27,87), and in men it was 3,34/1000 persons-year (IC95%: 1,85 - 6,73). Prevalence of self reported fractures after de age of 60 y was estimated in 17,16%. Female sex (OR= 7,69; p=0,000) and frequency of reported alcoholic beverages intake < 4 times/week (OR= 2,26; p=0,019), were risk factors for self-reported OP. Female sex (OR=2,38;p=0,000), advanced age (&#8805;75 y) (OR=1,72; p=0,012), frequency of reported alcoholic beverages intake < 4 times/week (OR=2,45; p=0,016), self-reported OP in 2000 (OR=1,75; p=0,048), and self-reported OP in 2006 (OR=2,29; p=0,000), were risk factors for reporting fractures after the age of 60 years-old Conclusions: female sex, advanced age, were risk factors for reported OP and fractures after 60 y. Among modifiable variables, intake of alcoholic beverages as often as > 4 times/week was negatively associated with reported OP and fractures after the age of 60 y.

In November 2008 The National library of Sweden announced that they had decided to switch classification system from the Swedish made SAB system to the international Dewey decimal classification system, in their announcements were recommendations for other libraries to also make the transition to Dewey. This decision was based on cataloging work with being able to reuse international material, make Swedish material more visible internationally and work with a system that is constantly maintained. The purpose of this study is to examine how DDC has influenced the public libraries from librarian’s perspectives, and if the transition has affected the organization negatively. It will also study the librarian's experience and thoughts about the transition and DDC as the topic. This study will apply the theory of new institutional theory, or neo-institutional theory, on the way organizations are understood with how they change to be more alike to each other, where the concepts of isomorphism will be used as analytical concepts and themes to understand how the changes can happen. Through semi-structured interviews six librarians got interviewed from five different public libraries, who also had experienced the transition from SAB to Dewey. The findings are that Dewey as a system did not have any severe or bad consequences to the public libraries who implemented it, but that it still has aspects to it that works poorly which proves that Dewey still needs to get more adapted to public libraries in Sweden.

The Royal Library of Sweden (KB), which serves as the national library in Sweden, decided in November of 2008 to start using DDC instead of SAB. For a long time, SAB was used as the main classification system in Sweden across all types of libraries. The reasons for this decision were among others that it would help swedish libraries to become more interconnected with libraries in other european countries, who already use DDC. Another reason for the decision is that DDC already has a support network and regularly gets new editions and updates. But now all of the university libraries in Sweden have switched to DDC in some capacity, for either the entire or parts of the library's collection. Public libraries however mostly still use SAB for both their collections and classification. The purpose of this study, which takes place in the spring of 2021, is to examine librarians preferences and opinions about these two systems. Semi-structured qualitative interviews with a total of six librarians across four different academic libraries in Sweden, have been conducted to accomplish this. For this study, a number of psychological terms have been used as a theoretical framework to analyze the librarians opinions. These terms are: preferences, stability, trends and mere-exposure. The findings show that a majority of the librarians prefer SAB over DDC. Moreover they also considered that The Royal Library of Sweden made the correct decision to switch to DDC.

In 2008, the National Library of Sweden decided to discontinue the use of the Swedish classification system SAB when classifying the national bibliography in favor of DDC, from 2011 onwards. At the same time, the Swedish Library Association advocated for all Swedish libraries to follow the National Library’s decision and switch to DDC. While the university libraries switched to DDC following these decisions and recommendations, the transition for the public libraries has been slow.  The purpose of this bachelor’s thesis is to examine to what extent SAB, DDC and different shelving solutions are used at Swedish public libraries and what arguments are used for the respective systems. Applying a neo-institutional perspective, the study aims to explain how the usage of a particular classification system could impact public libraries’ legitimacy.  A web questionnaire was sent out to the main library for all 290 Swedish municipalities, of which 203 main libraries responded. The results show that SAB is the most used classification system at Swedish public libraries, and that a switch to DDC is not prioritized. Arguments for continued use of SAB are mainly that staff and patrons are used to it, while arguments for switching to DDC relates to the National Library’s decision to switch. The study concludes that both classification systems can be used without impacting the public libraries legitimacy for now, but that SAB will become more and more outdated and might have negative effects on the public libraries’ legitimacy in the future.

Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, Ergebnisse der endovaskulären Rekonstruktion bei akut rupturierten, dissezierenden Aneurysmen der dominanten intrakraniellen Vertebralarterien mit hämodynamischen Implantaten (Flow-Diverter) zu untersuchen, einschließlich klinischer und verfahrenstechnischer Aspekte sowie klinischer Ergebnisse, um Machbarkeit, Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit dieses Ansatzes darzustellen. Zur Bearbeitung dieser sehr seltenen, jedoch klinisch relevanten Konstellation wurden zwischen 2010 und 2020 in vier neurovaskulären Zentren bzw. Fachabteilungen 31 Patienten im Alter von 30–78 Jahren (x̄ 55,5 Jahre) erfasst, die aufgrund eines Dissektionsaneurysmas der dominanten A. vertebralis eine Subarachnoidalblutung erlitten und bei denen dissezierende Aneurysmen einer dominanten A. vertebralis mit flußrichtenden Stents behandelt wurden. Beteiligte Kliniken waren das Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, das Katharinenhospital Stuttgart, das Berufsgenossenschaftliche Krankenhaus Bergmannstrost Halle/Saale und das Heinrich-Braun-Klinikum Zwickau. Von den 31 Patienten hatten 11 das dissezierende Aneurysma an der rechtsseitigen dominanten Vertebralarterie, während die restlichen Patienten das dissezierende Aneurysma an der linksseitigen dominanten Vertebralarterie hatten. Bei sechs Patienten betraf das dissezierende Aneurysma morphologisch die A. basilaris. In allen Fällen wurde eine Gefäßrekonstruktion mit unterschiedlichen flussumlenkenden Stents durchgeführt. Ein Fall erforderte eine zusätzliche Flüssigkeitsembolisation nach einer Verfahrensruptur, in drei Fällen war ein additives Coiling notwendig und in weiteren drei Fällen wurden unterschiedliche Flow Diverter Modelle miteinander und/oder mit Koronarstents kombiniert. Die Kriterien der klinischen Verlaufsbeurteilung erfolgten anhand der Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Zur Einteilung des Schweregrades der Subarachnoidalblutung wurde anhand der Bildgebung die Fisher-Skala und anhand der Klinik die Klassifikation nach Hunt und Hess verwendet. Neun von 31 Patienten (29 %) erreichten nur ein ungünstiges Outcome (GOS 1–3). Fünf der sechs im Rahmen der SAB verstorbenen Patienten (GOS 1) zeigten bereits schwere Defizite vor der endovaskulären Behandlung (Grad III-V nach Hunt und Hess). Ein Patient mit GOS 2 erlitt ein apallisches Syndrom nach einer vorausgegangenen frühen erneuten Blutung innerhalb von 24 h nach der Behandlung. Zwei Patienten wiesen eine schwere Behinderung (GOS 3) auf und vier erlangten ihre Selbstständigkeit im Alltag zurück (GOS 4). Achtzehn Patienten zeigten eine vollständige Genesung (GOS 5). Zusammengefasst zeigt die Arbeit, dass die rekonstruktive Behandlung von rupturierten dissezierenden Aneurysmen der dominanten Vertebralarterie mit Flow- Diverter-Stents ein technisch sicherer und effektiver Ansatz in einer akuten Situation mit komplexem Lokalbefund ist, für deren interventionelle Behandlung bisher keine anderen wirksamen Optionen oder standardisierten Behandlungspfade definiert wurden. Die Schwere der Erkrankung spiegelt sich trotz technisch erfolgreicher endovaskulärer Behandlung dennoch in relativ hohen Morbiditäts- (23%) und Mortalitätsraten (19%) wider, die ohne ursächliche endovaskulären Behandlung allerdings in Mortalitätsraten von etwa 50 % gipfeln würden.:1. Einführung 1.1 Einleitung 3 1.2 Arterielle Dissektionen des vertebrobasilären Stromgebietes 1.2.1 Epidemiologie 5 1.2.2 Ätiologie 5 1.2.3 Anatomie 6 1.2.4 Pathophysiologie 10 1.2.5 Klinische Symptomatik 11 1.2.6 Diagnostik 12 1.2.7 Therapieoptionen und Einordnung der vorliegenden Arbeit 16 1.2.8 Klinische Ergebnisse und Prognose 21 1.3 Abkürzungsverzeichnis 23 1.4 Abbildungsverzeichnis 24 2. Publikationsmanuskript 25 Flow Diversion for Reconstruction of Intradural Vertebral Artery Dissecting Aneurysms Causing Subarachnoid Hemorrhage – A Retrospective Study From Four Neurovascular Centers 3. Zusammenfassung 35 4. Literaturverzeichnis 38 5. Darstellung des eigenen wissenschaftlichen Beitrages 46 6. Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit 47 7. Lebenslauf 48 8. Danksagung 51