Process dependent microstructural effects in ferroelectric SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) thin films were characterized and distinguished from material dependent optical properties using a systematic multi-layer modeling technique. Variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) models were developed by sequentially testing Bruggeman effective-media approximation (EMA) layers designed to simulate microstructural effects such as surface roughness, porosity, secondary phases, and substrate interaction. Cross-sectional analysis by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM) and (SEM) guided and confirmed the structure of multi-layer models for films produced by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), metal-organic chemical vapor decomposition (MOCVD), and metal-organic deposition (MOD). VASE was used to estimated the volume percentage of second phase Bi2O3 in SBT thin films made by MOD. Since Bi₂O₃ was 10 orders of magnitude more conductive than SBT, second phase Bi₂O₃ produced elevated leakage currents. Equivalent circuits and percolation theory were applied to predict leakage current based on Bi₂O₃ content and connectivity. The complex role of excess Bi2O3 in the crystallization of SBT was reviewed from a processing perspective. VASE helped clarify the nature of the interaction between SBT films and Si substrates. When SBT was deposited by MOD and annealed on Si substrates, the measured capacitance was reduced from that of SBT on Pt due mainly to the formation of amorphous SiO₂ near the SBT/Si interface. VASE showed that the thickness and roughness of the SiO₂ reaction layer increased with annealing temperature, in agreement with TEM measurements. Unlike PZT, SBT crystallization was not controlled by substrate interaction. / Master of Science

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T18:24:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 9 / Fundação Universitária para Desenvolvimento do Ensino e da Pesquisa / A pesquisa relatada nas páginas desta dissertação de mestrado problematiza o jogo televisivo (programas de jogo e jogos fora dos programas) no Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão (SBT) como enunciação da mídia TV. A dissertação, inserida na linha de pesquisa Mídias e Processos Audiovisuais, do Programa de Pós-graduação em Comunicação da UNISINOS, partiu da intuição de uma TV jogo na emissora, em relação à qual o projeto colocava os seguintes problemas de pesquisa: 1) Identificar os sentidos dados pela emissora ao jogo em mundos televisivos construídos a partir do jogo; 2) Estabelecer relações entre o jogo nos imaginários da emissora e em outros imaginários (na cultura brasileira, nas ciências humanas, nas ciências exatas); 3) Analisar o lúdico no SBT na perspectiva do jogo, perspectiva que é ao mesmo tempo contrariada, enunciativamente, por parte da emissora, justamente pelo abundante comparecimento de jogos nos seus panoramas televisivos. As opções metodológicas feitas estão relacionadas ao método intuitivo de B

Remote sensing of land surface temperature (LST) is a complex task. From a satellite-based perspective the radiative properties of the land surface and the atmosphere are inextricably linked. Knowledge of both is required if one is to accurately measure the temperature of the land surface from a space-borne platform. In practice, most satellite-based sensors designed to measure LST over the surface of the Earth are polar orbiting. They scan swaths of the order of 2000 km, utilizing zenith angles of observation of up to 60°. As such, satellite viewing geometry is important when comparing estimates of LST between different overpasses of the same point on the Earth's surface. In the case of the atmosphere, the optical path length through which the surfaceleaving radiance propagates increases with increasing zenith angle of observation. A longer optical path may in turn alter the relative contributions which molecular absorption and emission processes make to the radiance measured at the satellite sensor. A means of estimating the magnitudes of these radiative components in relation to the viewing geometry of the satellite needs to be developed if their impacts on the at-sensor radiance are to be accurately accounted for. The problem of accurately describing radiative transfer between the surface and the satellite sensor is further complicated by the fact that the surface-leaving radiance itself may also vary with sensor viewing geometry. Physical properties of the surface such as emissivity are known to vary as the zenith angle of observation changes. The proportions of sunlit and shaded areas with the field-of-view of the sensor may also change with viewing geometry depending on the type of cover (eg vegetation), further impacting the surface emissivity. / Investigation of the change in surface-leaving radiance as the zenith angle of observation varies is then also important in developing a better understanding of the radiative interaction between the land surface and the atmosphere. The work in this study investigates the atmospheric impacts using surface brightness temperature measurements from the ATSR-2 satellite sensor in combination with atmospheric profile data from radiosondes and estimates of the downwelling sky radiance made by a ground-based radiometer. A line-by-line radiative transfer model is used to model the angular impacts of the atmosphere upon the surfaceleaving radiance. Results from the modelling work show that if the magnitude of the upwelling and downwelling sky radiance and atmospheric transmittance are accurately known then the surface-emitted radiance and hence the LST may be retrieved with negligible error. Guided by the outcomes of the modelling work an atmospheric correction term is derived which accounts for absorption and emission by the atmosphere, and is based on the viewing geometry of the satellite sensor and atmospheric properties characteristic of a semi-arid field site near Alice Springs in the Northern Territory (Central Australia). Ground-based angular measurements of surface brightness temperature made by a scanning, self calibrating radiometer situated at this field site are then used to investigate how the surface-leaving radiance varies over a range of zenith angles comparable to that of the ATSR-2 satellite sensor. / Well defined cycles in the angular dependence of surface brightness temperature were observed on both diumal and seasonal timescales in these data. The observed cycles in surface brightness temperature are explained in terms of the interaction between the downwelling sky radiance and the angular dependence of the surface emissivity. The angular surface brightness temperature and surface emissivity information is then applied to derive an LST estimate of high accuracy (approx. 1 K at night and 1-2 K during the day), suitable for the validation of satellite-derived LST measurements. Finally, the atmospheric and land surface components of this work are combined to describe surface-atmosphere interaction at the field site. Algorithms are derived for the satellite retrieval of LST for the nadir and forward viewing geometries of the ATSR-2 sensor, based upon the cycles in the angular dependence of surface brightness temperature observed in situ and the atmospheric correction term developed from the modelling of radiative transfer in the atmosphere. A qualitative assessment of the performance of these algorithms indicates they may obtain comparable accuracy to existing dual angle algorithms (approx. 1.5 K) in the ideal case and an accuracy of 3-4 K in practice, which is limited by knowledge of atmospheric properties (eg downwelling sky radiance and atmospheric transmittance), and the surface emissivity. There are, however, strong prospects of enhanced performance given better estimates of these physical quantities, and if coefficients within the retrieval algorithms are determined over a wider range of observation zenith angles in the future.

Thesis (Th. M.)--Dallas Theological Seminary, 1983. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-90).

Thesis (Th. M.)--Dallas Theological Seminary, 1983. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-90).

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I samband med ökade förväntningar på hållbart företagande har fler företag valt att fastställa hållbarhetsmål som överensstämmer med vetenskapliga riktlinjer. Detta gäller inte minst inom industrisektorn, vars stora klimatavtryck har väckt debatt i media. Denna studie undersökte två svenska industriföretag tillvägagångssätt och utmaningar i arbetet med att uppnå sina Science Based Targets (SBT). Studien tillämpade en kvalitativ metod, där representanter från SKF och SSAB intervjuades om deras arbete för att nå SBT. Vidare utfördes en dataanalys av sekundärdata för att ge en nyanserad bild av företagens arbete med SBT. Studien utgick från teorin om organisationsförändring som behandlar företags tillvägagångssätt för att förändra verksamheten. För att kategorisera företagens förändringsprocess och utmaningar tillämpade studien Huong Has förändringsmodell.  Studien fann såväl skillnader som likheter i företagens tillvägagångssätt och utmaningar i arbetet med SBT. I synnerhet identifierades den påverkan som intressenters agerande har på förändringsprocessen. Effektiv kommunikation och samarbete mellan organisationer och aktörer framträdde därför som centralt för att minska företagens klimatavtryck.

Le développement industriel de la technologie FeRAM (assurant non volatilité, accès rapide et faible consommation) est aujourd'hui limité par la fiabilité du condensateur ferroélectrique intégré. Le travail de thèse, axé sur la compréhension de ses modes de défaillance, a consisté à associer des analyses électriques et microstructurales sur des condensateurs élémentaires, des véhicules de test et des composants. La dégradation des propriétés ferroélectriques de condensateurs élémentaires, sous stresses électriques, a été corrélée à leurs évolutions microstructurales. L'irradiation X s'est également avérée un facteur accélérateur de cette dégradation. Sur les objets technologiques avancés, les techniques synchrotron et la microscopie électronique, associées aux tests de fiabilité, ont permis de corréler les modes de défaillance à la nature du condensateur, à sa géométrie (planaire ou 3D) et aux étapes technologiques utilisées.

Die schweizerische Bibliothekslandschaft, ihre Vernetzung und Gewichtung ihrer inhaltlichen Erschließung können anhand der Organisations-und Struktur-Analyse der 1. Bibliotheksverbünde 2. Spezialbibliotheken 3. Universitäts-und Technischen Universitätsbibliotheken parametrisiert werden Quellen: •Internet-Zugang zu allen schweizerischen Hochschulbibliotheken http://www.ub.unibas.ch/lib/schweiz.htm •Schweizer Virtueller Katalog http://www.chvk.ch/

Die schweizerische Bibliothekslandschaft, ihre Vernetzung und Gewichtung ihrer inhaltlichen Erschließung können anhand der Organisations-und Struktur-Analyse der 1. Bibliotheksverbünde 2. Spezialbibliotheken 3. Universitäts-und Technischen Universitätsbibliotheken parametrisiert werden Quellen: •Internet-Zugang zu allen schweizerischen Hochschulbibliotheken http://www.ub.unibas.ch/lib/schweiz.htm •Schweizer Virtueller Katalog http://www.chvk.ch/