LES APPORTS DE LA CLINIQUE DU TRAVAIL À L’ANALYSE DE LA « PRÉSENTATION DE SOI » CHEZ LE DIRIGEANT D’ENTREPRISE Cette recherche se propose d’explorer ce qui, dans la rencontre entre la subjectivité du dirigeant d’entreprise et son travail, permet de mieux comprendre ses conduites souvent jugées irrationnelles. A l’issue d’une lecture critique des travaux de psychologie et de psychosociologie des organisations portant sur le dirigeant et des travaux de gestion portant sur son activité, la psychodynamique du travail s’impose comme la référence théorique de cette recherche et ce, bien qu’elle n’ait jamais investigué le terrain des directions d’entreprise. Nourrie de connaissances de gestion et de concepts issus de la psychodynamique du travail, cette recherche propose une approche clinique du travail du dirigeant, soit une clinique du décalage entre son travail prescrit et son travail réel. Source de connaissance du travail prescrit du dirigeant, les textes de management mettent en avant la « présentation de soi » comme l’une des composantes de ce travail. Dès lors, le cadre de cette recherche se centre sur l’analyse de cette « présentation de soi » dont les entretiens menés avec quinze dirigeants et dirigeantes révèleront la triple dimension : agir expressif et moyen de faire face aux exigences de la prescription de maîtrise, forme d’accès à la reconnaissance et enfin, stratégie de défense contre la souffrance au travail révélant la rationalité subjective de leurs conduites. Enjeux théoriques et méthodologiques pour la psychodynamique du travail, apport aux sciences de gestion et éthique managériale sont alors discutés, ouvrant la voie d’une réflexion pour définir une méthodologie d’intervention auprès de cette population. / THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE CLINICAL APPROACH TO WORK AS APPLIED TO THE ANALYSIS OF THE CEO’S “SELF-PRESENTATION” The purpose of this research is to explore what it is that, in the cross between CEO subjectivity and his work, allows to better understand behaviors that are often considered irrational. Following a critical review of the literature of organizational behavior and psycho-sociology that deals with the CEO, as well as of the management literature relating to his activity, the field of work-psychodynamics establishes itself as the theoretical reference for this research, despite never actually having penetrated the field of top management. With its grounding in an understanding of management as well as in concepts drawn from the field of work-psychodynamics, this research proposes a clinical approach to the work of the CEO, in other words a clinical study of the gap between prescribed work and actual work. As a source of knowledge of the prescribed tasks of the CEO, management literature tends to point to “self-presentation” as one aspect of that work. Consequently, the scope of this research focuses on the analysis of this “self-presentation”, whose triple dimension is revealed in interviews conducted with fifteen male and female CEOs: firstly, a means of expressive action and a way of coping with the constraints of prescribed mastery, secondly, a means of achieving recognition and finally, a strategy of defense against suffering at work, thus revealing the subjective rationality of their behaviors. We then discuss the theoretical and methodological implications on work-psychodynamics, the contribution to management science, as well as implications on managerial ethics, thereby opening the way to defining a methodology of intervention for this specific population.

The diploma thesis deals with the forms of self-representation of the last Rosenbergs. They were using the representations to support their political positions. The paper is based on a study of the panegyrics and symbolic decorations of the Rosenbergs' castles that were used to present the virtues of the Renaissance nobleman. The study analyzes Roman motifs of the Rosenbergs' propaganda. It tries to capture the views of particular individuals on selected ancient motifs from representation of the Rosenbergs. Ancient exempla presented the Rosenbergs by using the language of symbolic communication as Christian knights.

The advent of social media enabled sexual minorities, as LGBTQ+ people, to find a community online. However, it can be difficult for transgender people to express their gender identity without risking a form of social injustice, as transgender people are not included in the prevailing gender binary. This thesis explores how transgender people present gender on the hashtag #TransIsBeautfiul on Instagram and to what extent to what extent can a form of ‘passing’ be seen in how transgender people adhere to expressing societal gender norms. Goffman’s (1979) theory on gender display is adapted as a main framework to analyse 346 posts with a qualitative content analysis. The theories of gender display (1979) and self-presentation (1956) by Goffman and the concept of passing by Serano (2007) are also employed for a deeper understanding of the social construction of gender. Findings show a great diversity of gender self-presentations. Transgender people tend to express their masculinity and femininity in an exaggerated way, by emphasizing certain masculine and feminine aspects according to societal gender norms and therefore ‘pass’ as a ‘natural’ member of the gender binary. In complete contrast, there are also transgender people who challenge the gender binary by expressing themselves as non-binary. They represent themselves within and outside the gender binary by mixing and minimizing feminine and masculine aspects. These results show that for transgender people there are two ways of coping with societal gender norms and put the gender binary model into question.

Syftet med denna studie var att bidra till ökad kunskap om människors självuppfattningargenom konsumtionen av Tinder och för att uppnå detta har unga människors erfarenheter ochföreställningar om Tinder analyserats. Uppsatsen har en induktiv ansats och ett kvalitativttillvägagångssätt. Materialet samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer och för attkomplettera detta genomfördes även netnografiska intervjuer. Från empirin skapades entematisering utifrån informanternas utsagor och tre huvudteman arbetades fram. Det förstahuvudtemat behandlade Tinders olika konsumtionsområden, Konsumera Tinder, som är avvikt i analysen framförallt genom sin förklaringsfaktor till de två efterkommande teman;Tinder - dejting eller hook-up samt Tinder och självet. Det empiriska materialet analyseradesutifrån socialpsykologiska teorier om självet och konsumtion. I uppsatsen finns ett flertalspänningsfält som framkom under intervjuerna och däribland finns spänningsfältet huruvidaTinder är en dejting eller en hook-up app. Detta tema studerades utifrån flera underteman föratt slutligen leda fram till att konsumtionen av Tinder har en inverkan i unga människorssjälvuppfattning. I studien framkom att ett antal olika sätt unga människor konsumerar Tinderpå och beroende på hur Tinder konsumeras kommer skilda självuppfattningar till uttryck.Vidare redogör studien för att unga människor konstruerar en förskönad presentation av sigsjälva på Tinder och det framkom en medvetenhet om att denna presentation inte stämmermed verkligheten. Unga vuxna förskönar sina presentationer i förhoppningen om att uppnåfler matchningar och med detta beteende visade det sig följa en objektifiering där andraanvändare snarare sågs som ett objekt än en person. / The purpose of this study was to contribute to increased knowledge of individuals selfperceptionsthrough the consumption of Tinder. To fulfill the purpose, young individualsexperiences and beliefs about Tinder have been analyzed. The thesis has an inductive and aqualitative approach.The empirical material was collected through semi-structured interviews,and in addition to this, netnographic interviews were conducted. From the empirical work, athematicization was created based on the statements of the informants and three main themeswere devised. The first main theme approached Tinder's different consumption areas,Consuming Tinder, which is important in the analysis, primarily through its explanation factorfor the two following themes; Tinder - dating or hook-up as well as Tinder and self. Theempirical material was analyzed based on social psychological theories of self andconsumption. The thesis contains a number of topics that emerged during the interviews,including the tension whether Tinder is a dating or a hook-up app. This theme was studied onthe basis of several subtitles to ultimately conclude that the consumption of Tinder is havingan impact on young people's self-perception. The study found a number of different waysyoung people consume Tinder and, depending on how Tinder is consumed, differentiate selfperceptionsto expression. Furthermore, the thesis conclude that young people construct aaltered presentation of themselves on Tinder, and there is an awareness that this presentationis not true to reality. Young adults alter their presentations in the hope of achieving morematches, and with this behavior, it appeared to follow an objectification where other userswere more viewed as an object than a person.The thesis is written in Swedish.

This diploma thesis is concerned with the problematic of the links between self-presentation on social networks (SNS) and female beauty ideal. The thesis defines the beauty ideal as social construct, because every culture has its own beauty ideal and every period held its own standards on what is considered as beutiful. The thesis is also based on assumption that definitions of beauty are multidimensional and is focused on several beauty ideals. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate ways of self-presentation of women on social networks in the context of ideal of beauty. The research is based on the analysis of profile pictures on social networks and is also based on qualitative method of grounded theory. The final results show that the dominant way of visual self-presentation is represented by selfies. But the research has also shown that in each group there is a minority group of women who present themselves in accordance with the chosen ideal of beauty. Differences are described at the end of the thesis.

Cette thèse se donne pour ambition la compréhension des mécanismes autoprésentationnels et plus particulièrement ceux liés à l‟expression de la désirabilité sociale en tant que stratégie de présentation de soi, mis en place en fonction du format de passation (i.e. papier/crayon vs. informatisé). Le format de passation informatisé est, en effet, susceptible d‟affecter la manière dont les individus s‟autoprésentent en participant à une perception spécifique du contexte de passation : celui-ci serait perçu comme plus anonymant que le format de passation traditionnel (Kiesler et Sproull, 1986). Alors que la plupart des études ont choisi d‟aborder la question de l‟équivalence des formats de passation traditionnels versus informatisés d‟un point de vue psychométrique, nous tenterons d‟y répondre en interrogeant tant des facteurs dispositionnels tels que l‟attitude envers l‟informatique (expérimentations 1, 2 et 5) que contextuels comme, par exemple, l‟anonymat (expérimentations 3,4 et 5). Deux études se focaliseront sur l‟usage des formats traditionnels et informatisés (expérimentations 5 et 6). Au sein de ce programme de recherche, nous distinguerons également les formats de passation les plus traditionnels (i.e. papier/crayon) des plus récents (i.e. formats offline et online). De manière générale, les résultats valident l‟intérêt d‟une approche psychosociale de l‟équivalence des formats de passation traditionnels versus informatisés. Indépendamment du format de passation auquel les individus sont confrontés (i.e. traditionnel, offline ou online), les stratégies d‟autoprésentation sont influencées par la manière dont les individus perçoivent la situation de passation. / The purpose of this thesis is to understand self-presentation processes and, in particular, the expression of social desirability depending on presentation paper-and-pencil versus computer-based test. Computer-based tests could affect the way respondents express self-presentation because this specific context may be perceived as more impersonal than a paper-and-pencil test (Kiesler et Sproull, 1986). While most studies choose to approach the question of the equivalence of traditional versus computer-based test through a psychometric view, we answer this problematic by questioning dispositional variables such as computer attitude (experimentations 1, 2 and 5) and contextual variables such as anonymity (experimentations 3, 4 and 5). Participants‟ use of these test formats is also studied (experimentations 5 and 6). Within this research program, we distinguish the most traditional (i.e. paper-and-pencil) from the most recent (i.e. offline and online) administration mode. The results validate the interest of a psychosocial approach for the field of equivalence of traditional versus computer-based tests. Regardless of the test version itself (i.e. paper-and-pencil, offline or online), self-presentation strategies depends of individuals‟ perception of the testing context.

The purpose of the project was to develop a training course for the city of San Bernardino Employment Development Department [EDD] to introduce job seekers to the primary marketing skills necessary for obtaining gainful employment.

The research conducted in The Bubble That Burst – Isabella Löwengrip’s Crisis Communication Through Blog Posts aims to answer how Isabella Löwengrip attempted to save both her and her companies images during a crisis in the fall of 2019. Benoit’s Image Repair Theory and Goffman’s Self-Presentation Theory were combined to create the framework of this study. The material studied were blog posts uploaded onto her personal blog that mainly concerned the crisis during the months of October and November 2019. To demonstrate how the crisis evolved, additional material was added from February 2020. A textual rhetorical analysis method was used to investigate how Löwengrip aimed to persuade the blog’s readers that both she and her companies are still trustworthy. The results showed that Löwengrip used several Image Repair as well as rhetorical strategies. Löwengrip also changed her self-presentation during the crisis. Furthermore, it demonstrates how aware she is about her image. Additionally, the personal character of the blog medium makes the crisis communication more emotionally based and relationship building than traditional Image Repair and crisis communication efforts.

The aim of this thesis is to find out what motives lead Internet users to self-representation in public space. My thesis is focused on the application Instagram, which has not been given much space. The age range of users is from 18 years, divided into free age groups, with the assumption of differences that arise in the course of the investigation. The work has a theoretical and empirical character, where the theoretical part is devoted to gradual changes in society with the advent of new technologies. Qualitative research that answers the main research question and the other partial research questions, was conducted by semistructured interviews. The results can serve as a theoretical basis for future research in the field of social networking, especially the application Instagram. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The theoretical background to this study is Goffman's dramaturgical perspective and his concept of identity. The purpose of the study is to investigate the significance of the beard for how men present themselves in everyday life. To answer the purpose of this study, qualitative semi-structured interview was chosen as the method. Three important themes emerged through thematization. The expressive beard, the symbolic beard and the significant beard. A combination of these themes creates an overview, which together through the dramaturgical approach enables an overall picture of the beard bearer's identity. The results from this study confirm that the respondents use their beards both consciously and unconsciously to influence the environment based on the situation they are in. Furthermore, the study explores the symbolic meaning that the beard expresses and the deeper meaning that the beard has for the beard bearer. / Den teoretiska bakgrunden till denna studie är Goffmans dramaturgiska perspektiv och hans identitetsbegrepp. Syftet med studien är att undersöka skäggets betydelse för hur män framställer sig själva i vardagslivet. För att svara på syftet i denna studie valdes kvalitativ semistrukturerad intervju som metod. Genom tematisering framkom tre viktiga teman. Det uttrycksfulla skägget, det symboliska skägget och det betydelsefulla skägget. En sammansättning av dessa teman skapar en översikt, vilka gemensamt genom den dramaturgiska ansatsen möjliggör en helhetsbild av skäggbärarens identitet. Resultaten från denna studie bekräftar att respondenterna använder sitt skägg både medvetet och omedvetet för att påverka omgivningen utifrån vilken situation de befinner sig i. Vidare kartlägger studien den symboliska innebörd som skägget uttrycker samt den djupare mening som skägget har för skäggbäraren.