<p>Studien syftar till att se hur personlighet, söka-arbete self-efficacy och locus of control påverkas av arbetslöshet. Personlighet mäts enligt Costa & MacCraes fem-faktor modell och avser dimensionerna extroversion, neuroticism, öppenhet, trevlighet och samvetsgrannhet. Hypotesen är att det finns skillnad mellan nyarbetslösa och långtidsarbetslösa avseende personlighet, söka arbete self-efficacy och locus of control. Frågeformulär innehållande påstående om ovanstående faktorer besvarades av en grupp nyarbetslösa och en grupp långtidsarbetslösa. Resultatet visar inga signifikanta skillnader avseende personlighet och söka arbete self-efficacy mellan grupperna. Avseende locus of control visade den nyarbetslösa gruppen signifikant mer intern locus of control än den långtidsarbetslösa gruppen. Intern locus of control visade positivt samband med söka arbete self-efficacy för nyarbetslösa men inte för långtidsarbetslösa. Resultatet avseende personlighetsdimensionerna är i linje med Costa & MacCraes teori om att personligheten är stabil i vuxen ålder. Studiens resultat indikerar att personlighet och söka-arbete self-efficacy har relativt liten påverkan på arbetssökandet, vilket kan vara en konsekvens av att arbetslöshetsförsäkringen styr arbetssökandet. Locus of control kan tolkas som en mer föränderlig aspekt av personligheten, vilken både kan påverka och påverkas av arbetslöshet.</p>

<p>Människor lever idag allt längre vilket betyder att landets befolkning blir äldre. I och med en ökande ålder ökar risken för ett antal kroniska tillstånd och sjukdomar. Att vara fysisk aktiv kan bidra till en bra hälsa såväl fysisk som psykisk även hos dessa personer. Syftet med studien var att undersöka huruvida två olika typer av fysisk aktivitet påverkar äldre personers motionsspecifika self – efficacy samt deras oro att falla över tid och vilken roll antalet närvarotillfällen spelar. Self – efficacy kan beskrivas som individens situationsspecifika självförtroende, det vill säga tron på ens egna förmåga i en given situation. Oro att falla kan för äldre personer innebära avståndstagande av vissa aktiviteter såsom fysisk aktivitet. Samtidigt kan fysisk aktivitet förebygga fallolyckor hos dessa personer. En experimentell studie har genomförts med 37 försökspersoner mellan 64 och 81 år (M= 71.14 SD= 4.12). Försökspersonerna blev slumpmässigt randomiserade i tre grupper; kontrollgrupp, vibrationsgrupp, styrketräningsgrupp. Tidigare forskning har visat att vibrationsträning är en bra och skonsam träningsmetod för äldre personer. De två aktiva grupperna tränade 2 gånger i veckan i cirka 15 minuter under åtta veckor. Det var en före, en under och en efter mätning där försökspersonerna fick svara på enkäter angående motionsspecifikt self – efficacy och oro att falla. Det statistiska test som användes var variansanalys för upprepade mätningar samt Pearson`s korrelationstest mellan närvaro och self – efficacy respektive oro att falla. Resultatet var inte statistiskt signifikant men en trend fanns. I diskussionen diskuteras resultatet i förhållande till studiens upplägg och genomförande samt i förhållande till tidigare forskning. Vidare diskuteras förslag till vissa implikationer och vidare forskning.</p>

Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2008.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Baylor University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-100).

Objectives: Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) stress appraisal model, widely applied in the depression literature, was uniquely applied in an expanded peritraumatic model to predict post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The presented Transactional Vulnerability Model of Psychological Distress utilizes two of the most proximal determinants of PTSD symptoms identified in the stress and coping literature, peritraumatic appraisal and self-efficacy, as variables implicitly and explicitly identified in Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) primary and secondary appraisal processes. Study Design: Correlational. Participants: Participants were multiple trauma, burn and orthopedic hand injured English-speaking adults who participated in Victorson's (2003) original psychometric validation study of the Traumatic Physical Injury and Psychosocial Stress Inventory (TIPSI; N = 169). Setting: Level 1 trauma center. Measures: Selected TIPSI subscales; General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale; Abbreviated Injury Scale; Stressful Life Experiences Screening - Short. Results: The following variables were each significantly positively related to PTSD symptoms: prior trauma (r = .272); abuse-related prior trauma (r = .187); injury severity (r = .220); and each peritraumatic primary appraisal variable: threat potential (r = .431), controllability (r = .360), predictability (r = .238), meaningfulness (r = .397), stability of impact (r = .522) and globality of impact (r = .443). Each peritraumatic secondary appraisal variable was significantly inversely related to PTSD symptoms: general self-efficacy (r = -.501) and specific self-efficacy (r = -.272). Peritraumatic primary appraisal variables together explained 40.1% of variance in PTSD symptoms (F (2, 164) = 56.503, p < .001). The Transactional Vulnerability Model of Psychological Distress examined each aforementioned construct using mostly Victorson's (2003) measures in linear regression procedures in Model A (N = 161), explaining 45.1% variance in PTSD symptoms (F (11, 149) = 12.965, p < .001); Model B (N = 66) utilized two alternate measures and explained 52.9% variance (F (10, 55) = 8.289, p < .001). These results support prior trauma and threat potential as predictors of PTSD symptoms and bespeak the importance of attributions of stability of impact and self-efficacy as proximal predictors of PTSD symptoms within an expanded Lazarus and Folkman stress appraisal model. Implications for early intervention among targeted individuals are discussed.

<p>Abstract 1.</p><p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects whole body vibrations on maximal strength, power output and neuromuscular activity in m. pectoralis major during bench press.</p><p>Participants consisted of 35 male and 9 female military high school students (m=23, 1 years). On the basis of initial maximal performances in bench press the participants was divided into two experiments groups and one control group. Intervention groups performed a specifically designed push up program on a vibrating plate respectively a step board during 12 weeks</p><p> </p><p>Initial load at 60 % of 1 RM showed an average of 46, 5 kg. All groups showed an average increase of 13 kg for each person after 12 weeks. Initial value for power output showed a mean of 265 watt, which also showed an increase with an average of 7 watt (with a load equivalent of 60 % of 1 RM at the current test occasion), respectively an increase of 41 watt (with the load performed during the first test occasion). A positive correlation existed between the load at 60 % of 1 RM and achieved power output. No significant differences between groups were exposed concerning estimated maximum strength or power output in bench press. </p><p>All participants showed an increase in strength development, indicating that vibration stimuli could be compared to traditional push ups training without vibrations. Vibrations seem to have more effects on the magnitude of recruited motor units, why vibrations training could be a good complement to established strength training.</p><p>Abstract 2. </p><p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects whole body vibrations on strength development, power output and neuromuscular activity in m. pectoralis major during bench press. The purpose was also to examine what roll self-efficacy plays in strength tasks. </p><p>Participants consisted of 35 male and 9 female military high school students (m=23, 1 years). On the basis of initial maximal performances in bench press the participants was divided into two experiments groups and one control group. Intervention groups performed a specifically designed push up program on a vibrating plate respectively a step board during 12 weeks. All participants answered a battery of questionnaires concerning backgrounds, motives for sport participation, self-efficacy and efficacy sources. </p><p>Initial load at 60 % of 1 RM showed an average of 46, 5 kg (sd = 13, 8). All groups showed an average increase of 13 kg for each person after 12 weeks. Initial value for power output showed a mean of 265 watt, which also showed an increase with an average of 7 watt (with a load equivalent of 60 % of 1 RM at the current test occasion), respectively an increase of 41 watt (with the load performed during the first test occasion). A positive correlation existed between the load at 60 % of 1 RM and achieved power output. No significant differences between groups were exposed concerning estimated maximum strength or power output in bench press. Gender differences showed that men lifted significantly heavier loads at 60 % of 1RM compared to women. </p><p>No significant differences could be seen between the groups concerning self efficacy. Gender differences were exposed concerning self-efficacy to push ups with a pat. The efficacy sources “performance accomplishments” was valuated to be the most influential to form self-efficacy expectations. A strong positive relationship between “performance accomplishments” and achieved self-efficacy to push ups with pats were shown. Self-efficacy to push ups with a pat also correlated positively with power output and performed 60 % of 1 RM in bench press. </p><p>All participants showed an increase in strength development, indicating that vibration stimuli could be compared to traditional push ups training without vibrations. Vibrations seem to have more effects on the magnitude of recruited motor units, why vibrations training could be a good complement to established strength training. Participants relatively high self-efficacy to strength tasks is probably a result of performance accomplishments in there own strength straining rather than the intervention training. Positive relationships between self-efficacy and power output as well as performed 60 % of 1 RM in bench press, indicating that high self-efficacy have a positive influence on strength performance. </p><p>Keywords: estimated maximal strength (1RM), neuromuscular activity, power output, self-efficacy.</p>

Christina Thulin-Andersson Hur mår undersköterskor i förhållande till de arbetsuppgifter och arbetsvillkor som de ställs inför inom äldreomsorgen? Hur påverkas deras self-efficacy? VT 2007 Antal sidor: 27 ___________________________________________________________________________ Studiens syfte är att bidra med kunskap till och förståelse för vilka faktorer och fenomen som kan vara avgörande för utvecklingen av självbemästring för undersköterskor inom äldreomsorgen. Uppsatsens forskningsfråga formuleras på följande sätt: Hur kan självbemästring påverkas av de arbetsvillkor och arbetsuppgifter undersköterskor ställs inför inom äldreomsorgen? Studiens frågeställning besvaras med hjälp av intervjustudie. De intervjuade var sex undersköterskor med varierande ålder och de har arbetat olika lång tid inom äldreomsorgen Resultaten visade att förmågan att förmedla och att ta emot kunskap inför olika arbetsuppgifter och arbetsvillkor, har en påverkan för utveckling av självbemästring. Fenomen som handlingsfrihet, trivsel på arbetsplatsen och personalchefens tillgänglighet påverkar även det undersköterskors självbemästring. Den viktigaste slutsatsen är att avsaknad av närvarande personalchef förekommer, vilket innebär en brist i att motivera undersköterskor, personlig tillgänglighet och tillgänglighet i skilda situationer.

A self-esteem that is contingent on affirmation from others leaves the individual psychologically vulnerable. A contingent self-esteem has been shown to be either relationship or competence based. The aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between relationship based self-esteem, competence based self-esteem, the under dimensions of those, and self-efficacy. Questionnaires were handed out to 69 university students. The results indicated that competence based self-esteem predicted a significantly low self-efficacy. Only some of the under dimensions were significant predictors. The vulnerability of the contingent self-esteem is discussed in the light of the findings.

Ledarskapets utformning såväl som medarbetarens individuella förmåga till kompetensutvecklande insatser utgör centrala aspekter för organisationens konkurrensmöjligheter. Dessa externa och interna faktorers inverkan har kommit att belysas i allt högre grad i syfte att skapa förutsättningar för arbetsrelaterad motivation. Syftet med studien utgjorde att utforska samvariationen mellan medarbetarens uppfattning om ledarens förmåga till interaktion och socialt inflytande i kombination med den anställdes individuella upplevelse av self-efficacy och locus of control i syfte att därigenom studera den påverkan dessa faktorer medför för upplevelsen av arbetsmotivation. En enkätundersökning genomfördes med 127 individer som arbetar inom detaljhandel, vårdsektorn och skolväsendet. Resultatet visade att socialt inflytande och interaktion inom arbetet påvisade starkast signifikant samvariation. Även self-efficacy och locus of control uppvisade ett signifikant samband.

Abstract 1. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects whole body vibrations on maximal strength, power output and neuromuscular activity in m. pectoralis major during bench press. Participants consisted of 35 male and 9 female military high school students (m=23, 1 years). On the basis of initial maximal performances in bench press the participants was divided into two experiments groups and one control group. Intervention groups performed a specifically designed push up program on a vibrating plate respectively a step board during 12 weeks Initial load at 60 % of 1 RM showed an average of 46, 5 kg. All groups showed an average increase of 13 kg for each person after 12 weeks. Initial value for power output showed a mean of 265 watt, which also showed an increase with an average of 7 watt (with a load equivalent of 60 % of 1 RM at the current test occasion), respectively an increase of 41 watt (with the load performed during the first test occasion). A positive correlation existed between the load at 60 % of 1 RM and achieved power output. No significant differences between groups were exposed concerning estimated maximum strength or power output in bench press. All participants showed an increase in strength development, indicating that vibration stimuli could be compared to traditional push ups training without vibrations. Vibrations seem to have more effects on the magnitude of recruited motor units, why vibrations training could be a good complement to established strength training. Abstract 2. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects whole body vibrations on strength development, power output and neuromuscular activity in m. pectoralis major during bench press. The purpose was also to examine what roll self-efficacy plays in strength tasks. Participants consisted of 35 male and 9 female military high school students (m=23, 1 years). On the basis of initial maximal performances in bench press the participants was divided into two experiments groups and one control group. Intervention groups performed a specifically designed push up program on a vibrating plate respectively a step board during 12 weeks. All participants answered a battery of questionnaires concerning backgrounds, motives for sport participation, self-efficacy and efficacy sources. Initial load at 60 % of 1 RM showed an average of 46, 5 kg (sd = 13, 8). All groups showed an average increase of 13 kg for each person after 12 weeks. Initial value for power output showed a mean of 265 watt, which also showed an increase with an average of 7 watt (with a load equivalent of 60 % of 1 RM at the current test occasion), respectively an increase of 41 watt (with the load performed during the first test occasion). A positive correlation existed between the load at 60 % of 1 RM and achieved power output. No significant differences between groups were exposed concerning estimated maximum strength or power output in bench press. Gender differences showed that men lifted significantly heavier loads at 60 % of 1RM compared to women. No significant differences could be seen between the groups concerning self efficacy. Gender differences were exposed concerning self-efficacy to push ups with a pat. The efficacy sources “performance accomplishments” was valuated to be the most influential to form self-efficacy expectations. A strong positive relationship between “performance accomplishments” and achieved self-efficacy to push ups with pats were shown. Self-efficacy to push ups with a pat also correlated positively with power output and performed 60 % of 1 RM in bench press. All participants showed an increase in strength development, indicating that vibration stimuli could be compared to traditional push ups training without vibrations. Vibrations seem to have more effects on the magnitude of recruited motor units, why vibrations training could be a good complement to established strength training. Participants relatively high self-efficacy to strength tasks is probably a result of performance accomplishments in there own strength straining rather than the intervention training. Positive relationships between self-efficacy and power output as well as performed 60 % of 1 RM in bench press, indicating that high self-efficacy have a positive influence on strength performance. Keywords: estimated maximal strength (1RM), neuromuscular activity, power output, self-efficacy.