Submitted by Luiz Felipe Barbosa (luiz.fbabreu2@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-06T15:55:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO Renato Almeida.pdf: 1342141 bytes, checksum: ce920735ebf72b6ca235b58f70250b47 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-06T15:55:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO Renato Almeida.pdf: 1342141 bytes, checksum: ce920735ebf72b6ca235b58f70250b47 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-19 / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo verificar se o princípio nullum crimen sine lege aplicado ao direito penal internacional consegue preservar a sua natureza, enquanto norma positivada no Estatuto de Roma, com a possibilidade de aplicação do costume contra legem. Destarte, faz-se retrospecto histórico do princípio nullum crimen sine lege e do direito penal internacional, identificando a estrutura do princípio e as falhas que se estabeleceram ao longo do desenvolvimento do direito penal internacional, repercutindo diretamente na elaboração do Estatuto de Roma. Através da análise do princípio, estabelecemos os parâmetros de sua aplicação; verificamos a situação deste no Brasil – uma vez que a análise do princípio é feita sob a ótica da sua estrutura no direito penal brasileiro – e como ele é gerido em relação aos tratados internacionais de direitos humanos e como estes são geridos em relação ao ordenamento interno; analisamos os Tribunais ad hoc, apontando suas falhas técnicas e políticas, apontando seus reflexos nos tribunais ad hoc posteriores. Criado o histórico, é expandido o estudo para o desenvolvimento do Tribunal Penal Internacional e as diretrizes que o estabeleceram. Neste ponto, são identificadas as disposições acerca da competência, dos tipos penais propostos e fontes aplicáveis. Tendo o princípio nullum crimen sine lege como paradigma, identificamos uma série de falhas que enfraquecem o princípio enquanto norma positiva do Estatuto de Roma. A partir das fontes aplicáveis de direito, usadas em detrimento do princípio da legalidade, constatamos que a competência do Tribunal, os tipos penais aplicáveis e a responsabilização fogem à lei positivada no Estatuto. Falhas decorrentes de elementos estranhos ao direito penal de tradição romano-germânica, indicando uma absorção parcial dos elementos do direito penal tradicional no sistema do direito internacional público.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T18:54:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Fabiana Rodrigues de Almeida Castro.pdf: 1639016 bytes, checksum: 5ff0f6b31dc505f8ef0b73625429320a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-15 / Unemployment and capitalist restructuring: an analysis of the relationship between new demands of the labor market and the profile of workers enrolled in SINE/PI, Teresina, is a doctoral thesis which seeks to identify the main implications of the current process of capitalist restructuration on market work. This research shows the evolution of the profile of the working class of Teresina,Piauí and labour market in the years 1990,2000 and 2010 as well as the profile of the working class entered the SINE/PI, in Teresina, markets, according to gender, age and education, compared to new requirements of the labor market. For this, we used a theoretical framework provided by marxist theories propagated the ideas of authors such as Ricardo Antunes (2009) and IstivánMészáros (2002), both argue that work is essential to human life condition. The methodological approach used was the literature and documents. In the first, we sought an understanding of the evolution of the capitalist productive restructuring and its effects on the labor market process, and in particular, changes in the profile of workers and its relation to unemployment; in the second, knowing the profile of workers enrolled in SINE/PI, in Teresina, outlining the requirements of employers in relation to these and the most sought occupations. It was found that the restructuration process has produced changes in the labor market, both in the demands of employers and workers in the profile. It is concluded that there is no shortage of skilled labor, but an imbalance between the occupations offered by SINE/PI, in Teresina, and demanded by companies. The profile of the majority of workers enrolled in SINE/PI, in Teresina, meets the requirements of employers and the labor market, however the increase in unemployment among this group of workers is an issue of structural and functional capitalist system and is part of the very essence of capital. / Desemprego e Reestruturação Capitalista: uma Análise da Relação entre as Novas Exigências do Mercado de Trabalho e o Perfil dos Trabalhadores Inscritos no SINE/PI, em Teresina, é uma tese de Doutorado que procura identificar as principais implicações do processo de reestruturação referido e mostra a evolução dos perfis da classe trabalhadora dos mercados piauiense e teresinense nos anos de 1990, 2000 e 2010 e da inscrita no SINE/PI, segundo gênero, faixa etária e escolaridade. Para tanto, recorreu-se ao aporte teórico proporcionado pelas teorias marxistas reproduzidas nas idéias de autores como Ricardo Antunes (2009) eIstivánMészáros (2002), que defendem o trabalho como condição essencial à vida humana,sendo o caminho metodológico utilizado a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. No primeiro, buscou-se entender a evolução do processo de reestruturação produtiva capitalista e seus efeitos sobre o mercado de trabalho,em particular, as alterações no perfil dos trabalhadores e sua relação com o desemprego;no segundo, visou-se conhecer o perfil dos trabalhadores inscritos no SINE/PI, em Teresina, delimitando as exigências dos empregadores e as ocupações mais procuradas. Constatou-se que esse processo de reestruturação produtiva vemproduzindo alterações no mercado de trabalhotanto nas exigências dos empregadores quanto no perfil dos trabalhadores. Conclui-se, assim, que não há escassez de mão de obra qualificada, mas um desajuste entre as ocupações ofertadas pelo SINE/PI, em Teresina, e as demandadas pelas empresas, uma vez que o perfil da maioria dos trabalhadores inscritos no SINE/PI, em Teresina, atende às exigências dos empregadorese do mercado de trabalho, ocorrendo o aumento do desemprego entre essegrupo laboral poruma questão estrutural e funcional do sistema capitalista que faz parte da própria essência do sistema.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-28T18:12:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Alecsandro Baltasar Corr?a.pdf: 5030335 bytes, checksum: edc60787122417906b1cdb9b0c067e64 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-28T18:12:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Alecsandro Baltasar Corr?a.pdf: 5030335 bytes, checksum: edc60787122417906b1cdb9b0c067e64 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-30 / CAPES / The teaching of mathematics, applied in schools, should approach the daily student routine, seek prior knowledge of it on specific issues, as well as develop new methods for learning is actually performed. The survey was conducted with a group of third year of high school in a private school in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Based on the concepts of mathematical modeling, Meaningful Learning and Theory of Multiple Intelligences, and having as a methodological resource educational software GEOGEBRA and two downloaded adapted software PLAY STORE application, seek the objective of this work is to develop a proposed activity that relates the concept of wave sound, physics, with function graph of the sine, mathematics. / O ensino da Matem?tica, aplicado nas escolas, deve aproximar-se do cotidiano di?rio do aluno, buscar o conhecimento pr?vio dele sobre determinados assuntos, assim como desenvolver novos m?todos para que a aprendizagem seja realmente realizada. A pesquisa foi realizada com uma turma do terceiro ano do Ensino M?dio de uma escola particular do munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro. Baseado nos conceitos de Modelagem Matem?tica, Aprendizagem Significativa e Teoria das M?ltiplas Intelig?ncias, e tendo como recurso metodol?gico o software educacional GEOGEBRA e dois softwares adaptados baixados do aplicativo PLAY STORE, buscamos como objetivo deste trabalho desenvolver uma proposta de atividade que relaciona o conceito de onda sonora, da F?sica, com os de gr?fico da fun??o seno, da Matem?tica.

Esta pesquisa consistiu na verificação do comportamento do reator UASB de bancada (volume igual a 10,5 litros), quando submetido a variações senoidais de vazão afluente, comparando-se com a eficiência no seu funcionamento com vazão constante, através de análises de amostras de afluentes e efluentes. O reator UASB utilizado foi montado no Laboratório de Processos Biológicos da EESC-USP dentro de uma câmara com temperatura constante de 30 ± 3°C, e alimentado com esgoto sintético, com DQO de 500 mg/l, 750 mg/l e 1000 mg/l. O reator foi inoculado em abril de 1999, com 3,5 litros de lodo anaeróbio proveniente de um reator compartimentado, também situado na EESC-USP. Devido à dificuldade de atingir um valor esperado para a eficiência de remoção de Matéria orgânica, foi dada nova partida no reator, em julho de 1999, desta vez com lodo proveniente de outro UASB. Após a segunda partida, o reator operou com vazão constante e DQO afluente em torno de 500 mg/l até setembro de 1999, com média de remoção de DQO bruta de 75% no período, passando-se, então, à fase de variação senoidal de vazão de forma que o máximo e o mínimo fossem de ±30%, ±45% e ±60% da vazão média. Para este regime, obteve-se 80% de eficiência média de remoção de DQO bruta. Os valores de pH, alcalinidade e ácidos voláteis foram praticamente constantes durante a operação. Os perfis de remoção de DQO ao longo do dia mostraram uma pequena queda na eficiência do reator, aproximadamente 1,5 vezes o tempo de detenção hidráulica médio (8 horas), após os máximos de vazão para o regime de variação de vazão de ±30% e ±45% e 2,5 vezes o tempo de detenção hidráulica médio, para variação e ±60%. O mesmo experimento foi repetido para DQO afluente de 1000 mg/l e obteve-se, em média, eficiências de 65% de remoção de DQO. / This research consisted in the UASB reactor performance verification when it was submitted to sine-based variations of loading rate, in comparison to its normal operation. The UASB reactor used was set up at the Biological Process Laboratory of EESC-USP, inside a camera with temperature of 30°C ± 3°C. It was fed with synthetic sewage (COD = 500, 750 and 1000 mg/l). After start-up, the reactor was operated with constant loading rate (COD = 500 mg/l) until September 1999. The organic matter removal average in this period was 75%. Then, it was initiated the phase of sine-based variation loading rate (±30%, ±45% and ±60%). In this regime, it was obtained a medium gross COD removal efficiency of 80%. The pH values, alkalinity and volatile acids were practically constant during the operation. The COD removal profiles during the day showed a subtle fall in the reactor efficiency after 1.5 times the medium hydraulic detection time, for the loading rate variation of ±30% and ±45%. For ±60% variation, the answer time was approximately 2.5 times the medium hydraulic detection time. The efficiency of gross COD removal stay however over 78,53% until the experiment 9, witch showed that the reactor can stand the loading rate variations. The efficiency of filtered COD removal decreased on the second experiment, came back to the initial values and decreased again. The values of variation didn\'t surpass 6,6% for gross COD and 8,43% for filtered COD.

As the industry is being reshaped concentrically around sustainability, the consumption of fossil fuels is targeted to decrease day by day. As a consequence of that, a righteous rise of electricity as energy source prevails in different branches of industry. It results for electric vehicle components to increase in size and weight which in fact were relatively smaller on conventional fossil fuel driven vehicles e.g. trucks. Every component weighing more than two kilograms is classified as a large component by Scania and these large electric components uncovers the need of evaluation of established testing methods in terms of their validity. This thesis project was carried out at Scania, Södertälje, and deals with the investigation on vibration testing methods that are currently used in different fields of engineering and identification of potentially applicable ones at Scania in testing large components. A case study on the stiffness of an individual component is performed to assess its impact on alteration of eigenfrequencies. Few case studies based on empirical tests as well as finite element method simulations on certain large components, i.e. high voltage junction box and battery packs, are performed with respect to their vibration behaviours while undergoing Scania’s established vibration testing spectra. Investigation into the vibration behaviour on dependence on measurement locations were performed. Additionally, rudimentary case studies are conducted on thermal loads during vibration testing, thermal dwell time, and required energy to oscillate large components at certain levels. How thermal features of the component are affected due to its size is noted. / Den senaste tekniska paradigmen inom fordonsindustrin är fokus på minskning av beroende på fossila bränslen, högre energisnålhet och en ökad hållbarhet och effektivitet i produktionsprocessens alla delar. Detta och de stora genombrotten i batteritekniken hade som påföljd att utvecklingen av fordon riktades mot elektrifiering av alla fordon. Elmotorer har sedan tidigare funnit sin tillämpning på mindre maskiner i inomhusmiljöer som t.ex. palldragare och lasttruckar. För tyngre applikationer som t.ex. personbilar och lastbilar ställs det helt nya krav på komponenternas storlek och prestanda, vilket leder till de elektriska komponenternas högre vikt. Scania, som vill vara ledande inom denna omställning, klassificerar alla komponenter med större vikt än 2 kg som stora komponenter. De stora elektriska komponenterna skapar ett behov att utvärdera de aktuella testmetoderna och verifiera deras validitet. Det här magisterexamensarbetet har genomförts på Scania i Södertälje och handlar om undersökning av vibrationstestningsmetoderna som nuförtiden används i olika teknikområden samt identifiering av de eventuellt applicerbara metoderna för provning av stora elektriska komponenter. En fallstudie genomfördes gällande en individuell komponent och påverkan på dess egenfrekvenser med varierande styvhetskonstanter. Dessutom genomfördes några andra fallstudier utgående från empiriska tester samt simuleringar med hjälp av finita elementmetoden på vissa stora komponenter såsom högspänningsförgreningsdosa och batteripacken. Vibrationsprov genomfördes genom att utsätta komponenterna för Scanias nuvarande vibrationstestningsspektrum. Även vibrationsbeteendet beroende på positionen av mättningspunkterna har undersökts. Utöver det utfördes fallstudier angående termiska belastningar under vibrationstestning, tid för värmeöverföring samt energibehovet för att oscillera stora komponenter på förbestämda accelerationsnivåer. Inverkan av komponenternas storlek på deras värmeöverföringsegenskaper noterades.

This report covers the construction of a prototype inverter system designed to power the rail of a maglev train, from component selection through simulations and power demands to mounting and wiring the components into a cabinet. The inverter is made with insulated gate bipolar transistors controlled with pulse-width modulated signals provided by a custom microcontroller. The output of the inverter is a controllable three-phase square wave. The prototype was tested with a microcontroller designed for a different gate driver, making it necessary to design and create an adapter to be able to test it. The results showed that an inverter of two-level topology, together with capacitors, is a viable option for a 10 kHz switching frequency. / Denna rapporten täcker konstruktionen av en prototyp till en inverter topologi designad för att driva rälsen till ett maglevtåg. Från komponentval genom simulering och kapacitetskrav, till montering och sladdragning av komponenterna in i ett skåp. Invertern är gjort med bipolär-transistorer med isolerat syre (IGBTer) som styrs med en pulsbreddsmodulerad signal försedd av en egendesignad mikrokontroller. Utsignalen från invertern är en styrbar trefas fyrkantsvåg. Prototypen skulle testas med en mikrokontroller designad för en annan gate driver, därför var det nödvändigt att designa och producera ett adapterkort för att kunna köra testerna. Resultated visade att en två-level inverter, tillsammans med kondensatorer, är en genomförbar lösning för 10 kHz switchingfrekvens.

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Optioner säljs och köps idag flitigt av många olika anledningar. En av dessa kan vara spekulation kring framtida händelser för aktiepriser där optioner har fördelar jämfört med aktier i form av en hävstångseffekt. En annan anledning för optionshandel är för att hedga (säkra) risker vilket ställer krav på att innehavet av optionen ska kompensera den negativa effekt som riskerna bidrar till. Med andra ord, om det finns en risk för ett negativt framtida scenario som man inte vill riskera att utsätta sig för så kan optioner vara rätt verktyg att använda sig av.   Risker finns idag överallt, i olika former, vilket har bidragit till att efterfrågan av optioner har ökat enormt de senaste årtiondena. Dock kan risker vara både komplexa och varierande vilket har lett till att mer komplexa optioner har utvecklats för att mätta den efterfrågan som utvecklats på marknaden. Dessa, mer komplexa optioner, kallas exotiska optioner och de skiljer sig från de vanliga europeiska och amerikanska köp- och säljoptionerna. Däribland hittar vi bland annat lookback-optioner i form av bland annat köpoptioner på maximum och kvantiloptioner vilka är två av de huvudsakliga optionerna som diskuteras i uppsatsen.   Det har länge varit känt hur man prissätter europeiska köp- och säljoptioner via Black-Scholes-Mertons modell men desto fler komplexa optioner som tillkommer på marknaden desto mer komplicerade prissättningsmodeller utvecklas. Till skillnad från europeiska köp- och säljoptioner vars utdelning beror på aktiepriset på lösendagen så är lookback-optioner beroende av aktieprisets rörelse under hela kontraktstiden. Detta medför att prissättningen av dessa beror av fler parametrar än i Black-Scholes-Mertons modell, bland annat ockupationstiden för den stokastiska process som beskriver aktiepriset, vilket bidrar till andra prissättningsmodeller.   Uppsatsen har som syfte att redogöra för modellen som används vid prissättningen av kvantiloptioner samt presentera hur deras egenskaper förhåller sig till andra typer av lookback-optioners egenskaper. Det presenteras i rapporten att kvantiloptioner liknar vissa typer av lookback-optioner, mer bestämt köpoptioner på maximum, och att kvantiloptioners egenskaper faktiskt konvergerar mot köpoptioner på maximums egenskaper då kvantilen närmar sig 1. Utifrån detta resonemang så kan det finnas fördelar i att använda kvantiloptioner snarare än köpoptioner på maximum vilket investerare bör ta i hänsyn när, och om, kvantiloptioner introduceras på marknaden. / Options are today used by investors for multiple reasons. One of these are speculation about future market movements, here ownership of options is advantageous over usual ownership of shares in the underlying stock in terms of a leverage effect. Furthermore, investors use options to hedge different kinds of risks that they are exposed to, this demands that the option compensates the possible negative effect that the risk brings to the table. In other words, if there is a risk of a future negative scenario which the investor is risk averse to, then owning specific options which neutralize this risk could be the perfect tool to use.   Risks are today seen all over the market in different shapes which have created a great demand for options over the last decades. However, since risks can be both complex and range over multiple business areas, investors have demanded more complex options which can neutralize the risk exposures. These, more complex options, are called exotic options, and they differ from the regular American and European options in the way they behave with respect to the underlying stock. Amongst these exotic options, we can find different kind of lookback options as well as quantile options which are two of the main options that are discussed in this thesis.   It has been known for a while how to price European call and put options by the Black-Scholes-Merton model. However, with more complex options also comes more complex pricing models and unlike the European options’ payoff which depend on the underlying stock price at time of maturity, the lookback option’s and quantile option’s payoff depend on the stock price movement over the total life span of the option contract. Hence, the pricing of these options depends on more variables than the classic Black-Scholes-Merton model include. One of these variables is the occupation time of the stochastic process which describes the stock price movement, this leads to a more complex and extensive pricing model than the general Black-Scholes-Merton’s model.   The objective of this thesis is to derive the pricing model that is used for quantile options and prove that the properties of quantile options are advantageous when compared to some specific lookback options, viz. call options on maximum.  It is concluded in the thesis that quantile options in fact converges to the call option on maximum for quantiles approaching 1. However, quantile options come with some different properties which potentially makes them a good substitute for the call option on maximum. This is a relevant factor for investors to consider when, and if, quantile options are introduced to the market.

This thesis is concerned with a constructivist approach to the introduction of the cosine and sine theorems at the secondary school. The aim was to develop recommendations for teaching which are based on the idea of motivating teaching cosine and sine theorems. This approach is based on available literature and builds on experience from my own teaching of this topic. By motivating teaching, I mean an approach that is consistent with the principles of constructivism and emphasizes pupils' active learning. Current textbooks for secondary schools were analyzed from a mathematical and didactic point of view. The aim of this analysis is to describe how the topic is elaborated in publications available to teachers, and to get inspiration for my own approach. My own teaching approach was based on the theory of generic models and has been implemented in two classes of the secondary grammar school. Data collected during teaching cosine and sine theorems (video recordings of lessons, field notes from teaching and pupil artifacts) were analyzed in a qualitative way. The thesis describes the teaching in detail, with an emphasis on key phases of the discovery of the two theorems. Pupils' involvement in this process is closely followed. Where teaching did not work as planned, possible reasons are found and...

Les lanceurs spatiaux sont soumis à un certain nombre d’excitations complexes durant les différentes phases de vie du produit. Ces excitations sont transmises à la charge utile par voie solidienne ou aérienne. Pour assurer la protection de la charge utile, l’architecture du lanceur étant figée au début du projet, l’amélioration des comportements dynamiques passe par l’introduction de systèmes secondaires. La partie essentielle des travaux de thèse est donc consacrée à l’implantation optimale de systèmes capables de diminuer les réponses vibratoires en utilisant des modèles adaptés. C’est pourquoi une méthode de double synthèse modale est mise en place, permettant ainsi de calculer la réponse vibratoire de la structure à l’aide de bases réduites et offrant des performances améliorées par rapport aux méthodes classiques. L’ajout d’un dispositif amortissant local nécessite la prise en compte d’une ou plusieurs modifications structurales dans le modèle, une méthode dédiée est alors développée. Le choix du dissipateur se porte sur un dissipateur frottant. Un prototype est conçu et réalisé. Il est dans un premier temps caractérisé seul et le modèle de comportement identifié est un modèle constitué d’un ressort en série avec un patin ; la loi de frottement adaptée est une loi de Coulomb simple. En parallèle, une maquette représentative du dernier étage d’un lanceur est dimensionnée et réalisée. Le frotteur est alors monté en pied de propulseur de la maquette et permet une diminution significative des vibrations de la charge utile au passage du mode de propulseur. / Space launchers undergo a certain amount of complex excitations during their lifecycle. These excitations are transmitted to the payload in a structure-born or air-born way. To improve the dynamic behaviour and thus ensure the protection of the payload, secondary systems must be added to the launcher – indeed, the architecture of the launcher is fixed at the beginning of the project. The essential part of this thesis work is dedicated to the optimal fitting of a system capable of reducing the vibration response of the payload, using appropriate models. Therefore a double modal synthesis method is implemented, allowing to calculate the vibrational response of the structure with reduced bases and offering improved performances over conventional methods. The addition of a local damping device requires the consideration of one or more structural modifications in the model, a dedicated method is thus developped along with a specific continuation algorithm. A friction damper is retained, a prototype is designed and built. It is first characterized alone ; the identified behaviour is that of a spring in series with a dry friction element, a simple Coulomb friction law enables to reproduce the experimental curves. A scale model of the launcher’s last stage is designed and built. The friction device is then mounted inside the scale model and leads to a significant reduction of the payload vibration levels.