<p>The intention of this study was to examine the interaction between authorities. More specifically it had a purpose to look at the ongoing cooperation between social workers and staff of special homes of closed institutional youth care. The sanction system for young offenders’ reform of 1999 where young people between the ages of 15-17 who have committed serious crimes, can be sentenced to secure institutional treatment instead of prison, aims to counteract the harm which can result from a stay in prison. The social welfare board in the young person´s local authority and the national board of institutional care shall cooperate during the youth’s placement at the special home of closed institutional youth care. This study was based on eight qualitative interviews with social workers chosen randomly from all over Sweden and staff members from different special homes of closed institutional youth care. To interpret the material we have been using theory of collaboration and cooperation of Danermark and Kullberg. We have also used earlier studies within the area. The study has resulted that the social welfare board are more satisfied with the corporation than the national board of institutional care are. The study also shows that there has been an improvement. Significant reasons for this result has proved to be; the two different employers with different mission statement who are cooperating, unclear guidelines and the lack of knowledge within in the social services. Today there’s an ongoing cooperation that needs to be developed.</p>

L'introduction de systèmes instrumentés dédiés aux applications de sécurité impose l'évaluation de leur sûreté de fonctionnement. On utilise généralement pour cela les bases de données de fiabilité génériques. Cependant, le retour d'expérience pour ces systèmes qui présentent en général des défaillances rares est insuffisant pour valider les résultats obtenus. En outre, la collecte de données de fiabilité et leur extrapolation à d'autres composants introduisent des incertitudes. Les travaux de cette thèse portent sur la problématique de la prise en compte des incertitudes relatives aux données de fiabilité des composants pour l'évaluation de la sûreté de fonctionnement des systèmes par le formalisme des sous ensembles flous. La méthodologie proposée est appliquée à l'évaluation des probabilités de défaillance des Systèmes Instrumentés de Sécurité (SIS) en présence de données de fiabilité imprécises. Nous introduisons deux nouveaux facteurs d'importance pour aider le concepteur. En outre, nous proposons une méthodologie d'aide à la conception des SIS basée sur la modélisation par réseaux de fiabilité et l'optimisation par des algorithmes génétiques de la structure des SIS pour le respect des niveaux d'intégrité de sécurité (SIL) exigés / The use of safety related systems imposes to evaluate their dependability. Laboratory data and generic data are often used to provide failure data of safety components to evaluate their dependability parameters. However, due to the lower solicitation of safety systems in plant, safety components have not been operating long enough to provide statistical valid failure data. Furthermore, measuring and collecting failure data have uncertainty associated with them, and borrowing data from laboratory and generic data sources involve uncertainty as well. Our contribution is to propose a fuzzy approach to evaluate dependability parameters of safety systems when there is an uncertainty about dependability parameters of systems components. This approach is applied to determine the failure probability on demand of Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) in presence of uncertainty. Furthermore, we present an optimal design of SIS by using reliability graphs and genetic algorithms to identify the choice of components and design configuration in a SIS to meet the required SIL

La physique des collisions d'ions lourds (ultra-)relativistes a pour objectif principal l'élaboration de l'équation d'état de la matière nucléaire par l'examen de ses propriétés dans des conditions extrêmes de température et de pression.<br />A basse énergie, les collisions d'ions lourds permettent de sonder la matière nucléaire modérément chaude à grande densité baryonique.<br />A haute énergie, la chromodynamique quantique prédit le déconfinement des constituants des hadrons en un plasma de quarks et de gluons.<br />La première partie de ce document est consacrée à l'étude de la production d'étrangeté dans les collisions d'ions lourds aux énergies du SIS avec le détecteur FOPI installé au GSI.<br />La deuxième partie de ce document est consacrée à l'étude de la production des saveurs lourdes dans les collisions d'ions lourds aux énergies du LHC avec le détecteur ALICE installé au CERN.

The intention of this study was to examine the interaction between authorities. More specifically it had a purpose to look at the ongoing cooperation between social workers and staff of special homes of closed institutional youth care. The sanction system for young offenders’ reform of 1999 where young people between the ages of 15-17 who have committed serious crimes, can be sentenced to secure institutional treatment instead of prison, aims to counteract the harm which can result from a stay in prison. The social welfare board in the young person´s local authority and the national board of institutional care shall cooperate during the youth’s placement at the special home of closed institutional youth care. This study was based on eight qualitative interviews with social workers chosen randomly from all over Sweden and staff members from different special homes of closed institutional youth care. To interpret the material we have been using theory of collaboration and cooperation of Danermark and Kullberg. We have also used earlier studies within the area. The study has resulted that the social welfare board are more satisfied with the corporation than the national board of institutional care are. The study also shows that there has been an improvement. Significant reasons for this result has proved to be; the two different employers with different mission statement who are cooperating, unclear guidelines and the lack of knowledge within in the social services. Today there’s an ongoing cooperation that needs to be developed.

This study consisted of a qualitative analysis of articles from two Canadian newspapers related to North America’s only safe injection facility for drug users, Vancouver’s Insite, and examined the texts for latent themes derived from a review of harm reduction and governmentality literature. The investigation asked “In what ways are Insite and its clients represented in the media and what implications do those portrayals have in terms of Insite’s operation as a harm reduction practice as well as a governmental strategy designed to direct the conduct of drug users who visit the site?” The analysis revealed conflicting representations, some which have positive potential in terms of Insite’s adherence to the fundamental principles of harm reduction and others that undermined those principles and suggested that the site may have traditional governmental functions, perhaps indicating less distance between the harm reduction and governmentality philosophies in the discourse surrounding the SIS than expected.

This study consisted of a qualitative analysis of articles from two Canadian newspapers related to North America’s only safe injection facility for drug users, Vancouver’s Insite, and examined the texts for latent themes derived from a review of harm reduction and governmentality literature. The investigation asked “In what ways are Insite and its clients represented in the media and what implications do those portrayals have in terms of Insite’s operation as a harm reduction practice as well as a governmental strategy designed to direct the conduct of drug users who visit the site?” The analysis revealed conflicting representations, some which have positive potential in terms of Insite’s adherence to the fundamental principles of harm reduction and others that undermined those principles and suggested that the site may have traditional governmental functions, perhaps indicating less distance between the harm reduction and governmentality philosophies in the discourse surrounding the SIS than expected.

En la presente tesis se analiza el problema del coloreado de grafos tanto desde el punto de vista teórico como en relación a la resolución del problema mediante técnicas algorítmicas, algunas de las cuales se describen por vez primera. Se estudian asimismo distintas variaciones del problema simple del coloreado incluyendo el coloreado de vértices etiquetados, en que se asigna un número variable de colores a cada vértice, y el coloreado con aristas etiquetadas, en el que los colores asignados a vértices adyacentes deben guardar una distancia mayor o igual a la etiqueta de la arista que los une, así como combinaciones de ambos.Las técnicas descritas para el coloreado de grafos han sido posteriormente adaptadas a un problema de asignación de frecuencias en telefonía móvil habiéndose aplicado los algoritmos sobre distintos tipos de redes celulares. Las distintas redes analizadas pueden incorporar o no conmutación en frecuencia, variando la naturaleza del problema en cada caso. Para el caso de coloreado múltiple asociado al problema de asignación de frecuencias se ha descrito un conjunto de matrices asociadas a un grafo G(V,E) y un coloreado simple C que permiten reasignar colores a distintos vértices de G(V,E) aprovechando colores de C. Este reciclaje, en combinación con las métodos algorítmicos aplicados en coloreados simples, ha permitido resolver con eficiencia el problema del multicoloreado de grafos y en consecuencia el problema de asignación de frecuencias en redes celulares.En la segunda parte de la tesis se estudian las redes pequeño-mundo y se describen pautas deterministas para su obtención. De este modo se describe en primer lugar el modelo probabilista definido por Watts y Strogatz y se analiza la aparición de autoorganización crítica en las redes pequeño-mundo (caracterizadas por un apiñamiento elevado y un diámetro o distancia máxima entre vértices reducido) para a continuación ampliar el concepto sobre modelos deterministas. Se ha demostrado de este modo la posibilidad de obtener redes pequeño-mundo sobre grafos circulantes, mallas toroidales e hipercubos.Finalmente se ha probado la universalidad del efecto pequeño-mundo, es decir, la posibilidad de recortar arbitrariamente el diámetro de un grafo genérico G(V,E) sin que se produzcan variaciones significativas en su topología local (medida a partir del factor de clustering o apiñamiento del grafo), explicando así la ubicuidad de las redes pequeño-mundo y su descripción en entornos de todo tipo: social, biológico, industrial, matemático, etcétera.

The aim of our study is to gain increased knowledge and understanding of how young people who has been sentenced to closed institutional care experience their own possibility to participate and influence the transition and aftercare, and which, if any, importance they believe this has for their readjustment to society. The study is based on a qualitative method. The data consist of interviews with four young persons, of which three, at the time for our interviews, where in the transitionphase, and one had left the institution a few years ago. The study’s theoretical framework is based on Erving Goffmans theory about stigma and the empowerment theory. We have also used earlier studies within the area to understand and interpret our data. The result indicates deficits in terms of the young people’s possibility to participate and influence the planning and implemantation of the transition from the special home of closed institutional youth care.  The youths express a wish to be more involved and be able to influence more, yet at the same time there seems to be an acceptance among the youths concerning the fact that they are not given the possibility to participate, which can be related to a view of themselves as less worthy.

Tyrimo objektas – etnografinio muziejaus kaip ugdymo erdvės funkcionavimas. Tyrimo tikslas – pasitelkus Lietuvos liaudies buities muziejuje taikomų eksponavimo formų, priemonių, rengiamų edukacinių programų analizę, atskleisti etnografinio muziejaus kaip ugdymo erdvės funkcionavimo specifiką. Tikslui įgyvendinti siekiama šių uždavinių: 1. išsiaiškinti prioritetines muziejų veiklos kryptis Lietuvos muziejų veiklą reglamentuojančiuose dokumentuose ir atskleisti Lietuvos liaudies buities muziejaus veiklos prioritetų ištakas bei kaitą; 2. nustatyti eksponavimo formų Lietuvos liaudies buities muziejuje specifiką; 3. ištirti mokymo bei mokymosi neformalioje Lietuvos liaudies buities aplinkoje galimybes; 4. išsiaiškinti, ar esama komercijos elementų savitoje Lietuvos liaudies buities muziejaus edukacinėje programoje – tradicinėse šventėse; 5. atskleisti ugdymo medijų naudojimo muziejuose kaitą ir tos kaitos pasekmes ugdymo procesui. Paskutiniais dešimtmečiais pasaulinėje praktikoje ugdymas yra laikomas yra visų muziejų veiklos pagrindu. Nors Lietuvos muziejų veiklą reglamentuojančiuose įstatymuose bei Lietuvos liaudies buities muziejaus statute daugiau akcentuojamos paveldosauginės muziejaus kaip institucijos funkcijos, atgavus nepriklausomybę, muziejus pradėjo teikti pirmenybę edukacinei veiklai. Nuo 1991 metų čia rengiamos veikiančios ekspozicijos, kuriose eksponatai naudojami pagal paskirtį. Jos ne tik suteikia lankytojui didesnes išmokimo bei susipažinimo su praeities kontekstu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Subject of investigation: The functioning of the ethnographic museum as an educational space. Goal of investigation: To determine the specific nature of the functioning of the ethnographic museum as an educational space through an analysis of the forms and methods of exhibition and educational programs of the Open Air museum of Lithuania. The following tasks were pursued to implement this goal: 1. to determine the fundamental direction of priority activities of museums in documents regulating the activity of Lithuanian museums and to determine the source and changes of priority activities at the Open Air museum of Lithuania; 2. to determine the specific character of forms of exhibition at the Open Air museum of Lithuania; 3. to examine the prospects for learning and teaching within the informal environment of Open Air museum of Lithuania; 4. to determine whether there are commercial elements in the educational program of the Open Air museum of Lithuania, during traditional celebrations; 5. to elucidate changes in the use of educational media at museums and the effects of those changes on the educational process. Over the preceding decades in global practice education has been considered the foundation for all museum activities. Although laws regulating the activities of Lithuanian museums and the statute of the Open Air museum of Lithuania place greater emphasis on the heritage protection functions of the museum as an institution, following Lithuanian independence the museum... [to full text]

This study consisted of a qualitative analysis of articles from two Canadian newspapers related to North America’s only safe injection facility for drug users, Vancouver’s Insite, and examined the texts for latent themes derived from a review of harm reduction and governmentality literature. The investigation asked “In what ways are Insite and its clients represented in the media and what implications do those portrayals have in terms of Insite’s operation as a harm reduction practice as well as a governmental strategy designed to direct the conduct of drug users who visit the site?” The analysis revealed conflicting representations, some which have positive potential in terms of Insite’s adherence to the fundamental principles of harm reduction and others that undermined those principles and suggested that the site may have traditional governmental functions, perhaps indicating less distance between the harm reduction and governmentality philosophies in the discourse surrounding the SIS than expected.