Based on the concept of rhetorical situation, the purpose of this study is to compare and describe the three Socialist leader's May Day speech from the years 1954, 1978 and 2011. The results of the analysis showed that there is a big difference in how the leaders chooses to appeal to the rhetorical audience. Erlander, 1954, never appealed directly to his audience which Palme, 1978, did both initially as repeatedly throughout his speech. Juholt, 2011, has a personal and frequent appeal which is repeated throughout his speech, which is interpreted as a sign of the intimization of the public language. It proved difficult to discuss the Socialist rhetoric as one unified form. The rhetoric realm is influenced by too many external factors, such as the media, which makes it impossible to speak of it as one. The analysis revealed that the language of the 1th may-speeches is characterized by the people who use it. It is inevitable that the speaker puts his utmost emphasis, in both language and speeches. It would require a larger and more comprehensive analysis to allow any conclusions about a social-democratic language.Keywords: Rhetorical situation, genre, ethos-logos-pathos, 1th May, the Swedish Social Democratic Party, Tage Erlander, Olof Palme, Håkan Juholt

Nowadays event extraction systems mainly deal with a relatively small amount of information about temporal and modal qualifications of situations, primarily processing assertive sentences in the past tense. However, systems with a wider coverage of tense, aspect and mood can provide better analyses and can be used in a wider range of text analysis applications. This thesis develops such a system for Turkish language. This is accomplished by extending Open Source Information Mining and Analysis (OPTIMA) research group&#039 / s event extraction software, by implementing appropriate extensions in the semantic representation format, by adding a partial grammar which improves the TAM (Tense, Aspect and Mood) marker, adverb analysis and matching functions of ExPRESS, and by constructing an appropriate lexicon in the standard of CORLEONE. These extensions are based on the theory of anchoring relations (Tem&uuml / rc&uuml / , 2007, 2011) which is a cross-linguistically applicable semantic framework for analyzing tense, aspect and mood related categories. The result is a system which can, in addition to extracting basic event structures, classify sentences given in news reports according to their temporal, modal and volitional/illocutionary values. Although the focus is on news reports of natural disasters, disease outbreaks and man-made disasters in Turkish language, the approach can be adapted to other languages, domains and genres. This event extraction and classification system, with further developments, can provide a basis for automated browsing systems for preventing environmental and humanitarian risk.

Nowadays event extraction systems mainly deal with a relatively small amount of information about temporal and modal qualifications of situations, primarily processing assertive sentences in the past tense. However, systems with a wider coverage of tense, aspect and mood can provide better analyses and can be used in a wider range of text analysis applications. This thesis develops such a system for Turkish language. This is accomplished by extending Open Source Information Mining and Analysis (OPTIMA) research group&#039 / s event extraction software, by implementing appropriate extensions in the semantic representation format, by adding a partial grammar which improves the TAM (Tense, Aspect and Mood) marker, adverb analysis and matching functions of ExPRESS, and by constructing an appropriate lexicon in the standard of CORLEONE. These extensions are based on iv the theory of anchoring relations (Tem&uuml / rc&uuml / , 2007, 2011) which is a cross- linguistically applicable semantic framework for analyzing tense, aspect and mood related categories. The result is a system which can, in addition to extracting basic event structures, classify sentences given in news reports according to their temporal, modal and volitional/illocutionary values. Although the focus is on news reports of natural disasters, disease outbreaks and man-made disasters in Turkish language, the approach can be adapted to other languages, domains and genres. This event extraction and classification system, with further developments, can provide a basis for automated browsing systems for preventing environmental and humanitarian risk.

<p> </p><p>The international maritime industry is growing fast due to an increasing number of transportations over sea. In pace with this development, the maritime surveillance capacity must be expanded as well, in order to be able to handle the increasing numbers of hazardous cargo transports, attacks, piracy etc. In order to detect such events, anomaly detection methods and techniques can be used. Moreover, since surveillance systems process huge amounts of sensor data, anomaly detection techniques can be used to filter out or highlight interesting objects or situations to an operator. Making decisions upon large amounts of sensor data can be a challenging and demanding activity for the operator, not only due to the quantity of the data, but factors such as time pressure, high stress and uncertain information further aggravate the task. Bayesian networks can be used in order to detect anomalies in data and have, in contrast to many other opaque machine learning techniques, some important advantages. One of these advantages is the fact that it is possible for a user to understand and interpret the model, due to its graphical nature.</p><p>This thesis aims to investigate how the output from a Bayesian network can be explained to a user by first reviewing and presenting which methods exist and second, by making experiments. The experiments aim to investigate if two explanation methods can be used in order to give an explanation to the inferences made by a Bayesian network in order to support the operator’s situation awareness and decision making process when deployed in an anomaly detection problem in the maritime domain.</p><p> </p>

<p>Denna rapport syftar till att undersöka i vilken utsträckning stridsvagnskompanichefer skiljer och/eller liknar ”commanders” (i spelet ”Battlefield 2”) i sitt sätt att skapa och upprätthålla situationsmedvetenhet med avseende på riskbedömning kopplat till fiendens position i slagfältet. Studien grundar sig på en tanke om att utnyttja positiva effekter från datorspelande, i morgondagens ledningssystem genom att bygga ledningssystem grundade på en kommersiell spelplattform. Resultaten pekar bland annat på skillnader mellan de båda aktörernas metoder för att uppnå full situationsmedvetenhet, men även på vissa likheter som till exempel att se på en situation med fiendens ögon för att bedöma hur denna kommer att agera.</p>

<p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Funktionshinder och arbete bildar tillsammans ett aktuellt ämne som ses behöva ökade</p><p>kunskaper för att nå Sveriges målsättning om ”Ett arbetsliv för alla”. Inom området diskuteras</p><p>hur och vad som kan genomföras i syfte att minska det utanförskap och fördomar som kan</p><p>finnas.</p><p>Idag finns möjligheten för individer med funktionshinder att arbeta i en anpassad</p><p>arbetssituation. För att uppmärksamma individens egen upplevelse av ovanstående valde</p><p>författarna att genomföra en kvalitativ studie med syfte att beskriva individens upplevelse av</p><p>att arbeta i en anpassad arbetssituation. Författarna använde målinriktat urval och genomförde</p><p>därefter ostrukturerade intervjuer med tio informanter som arbetar i en anpassad</p><p>arbetssituation, vilka berättade och delgav sina upplevelser. Studien resulterade i tre</p><p>övergripande teman, Bemötande, Delaktighet och Förändrad arbetssituation. Inom dessa</p><p>teman presenteras informanternas upplevelser av att vara utsatt till följd av att arbeta i en</p><p>anpassad arbetssituation. Upplevelsen beskrivs både som positivt och negativt. Den anpassade</p><p>arbetssituationen upplever informanterna vara en förutsättning för att kunna arbeta.</p><p>Anpassningen förändrar arbetsrollen och upplevs ge en känsla av begränsning på</p><p>arbetsmarknaden. Bemötandet på den anpassade arbetsplatsen beskriver informanterna kan</p><p>vara både som stöd eller hinder.</p> / <p>Summary</p><p>To work in an adapted work situation -ten individuals tell their stories.</p><p>Disability and work, put together, becomes a burning question that requires further knowledge</p><p>for to reach the goal in Sweden; “A working life for everyone”. In this subject it is discussed</p><p>how and what there needs to be done to reduce the gap, the prejudice and the feeling of</p><p>alienation which there may occur.</p><p>In today people with a disability are given an opportunity to work in an adapted work</p><p>situation. To observe the individuals own experience of the question mentioned before the</p><p>authors chose to do a qualitative study with the aim to describe the individual’s experience of</p><p>working in an adapted work situation. The authors used a purposeful sampling and made</p><p>unstructured interviews with ten individuals who expressed their experiences. The result is</p><p>presented within three themes, Treatment, Participation and Changed work situation which</p><p>present the individuals experience of being exposed because of the adapted work situation.</p><p>The experience is described as both positive and negative. The individuals experience the</p><p>adapted work situation as a necessary condition to be able to work. The adaption changes the</p><p>worker roll and is experienced as a feeling of being limited on the labour market. The</p><p>treatment at the working site is described as being either supportive or non-supportive.</p>

Cette thèse porte sur la notion de distance causale dans la représentation mentale du texte lu (hypothèse du modèle de situation). J'ai d'abord étudié dans la littérature, notamment philosophique, comment on définissait la relation de causalité "dans les choses". Une telle définition semblant hors d'atteinte, j'ai élaboré des définitions opérationnelles de la distance causale, à la fois dans la réalité et dans le modèle de situation. J'ai conduit deux expériences sur des chaînes causales (i. e. des séquences de phrases dans lesquelles chacune décrit la conséquence de la précédente) partielles issues de textes de vulgarisation, recueillant des jugements de plausibilité sur les couples cause-conséquence présentés. Il s'avère que la distance causale mentale (plausibilité) est d'autant moindre que le nombre d'intermédiaires sautés (approximation de la distance causale réelle) est important. On ne trouve pas d'effet du rang de lecture dans la plausibilité jugée. Par ailleurs, la familiarité du participant avec le thème abordé augmente la plausibilité jugée. Il est présenté une série de descripteurs du temps, de l'espace, et des protagonistes, qui permet de qualifier la relation entre les événements décrits par deux phrases. Ces descripteurs sont prédicteurs (à 41 %) de la plausibilité. La causalité est donc une dimension à part entière du modèle de situation, mais elle peut être en grande partie ramenée aux autres dimensions de la situation, que sont le temps, l'espace, et les protagonistes. Nous suggérons que ces données situationnelles peuvent fournir la base d'une décision "fruste" pour entreprendre ou non une inférence causale lors de la lecture d'un texte.

Un système de transport guidé est un système complexe qui intègre de nombreux sous-systèmes en interaction pour garantir un déplacement en toute sécurité. Répartis sur l'ensemble du système en tant que sous-systèmes bord et sol, de tels moyens de sécurité consistent à éviter toute situation à risque pouvant mener à des conséquences graves. La sécurité nécessite d'être évaluée afin de justifier que l'ensemble des moyens mis en œuvre pour maîtriser les risques est suffisant. Cependant en raison de la complexité de ces systèmes, l'évaluation globale de la sécurité apparaît problématique.<br /><br />Ces travaux de recherche se sont consacrés à l'élaboration d'une approche d'évaluation de la sécurité focalisant sur l'ensemble du système et tenant compte des SILs (Safety Integrity Levels). Les niveaux d'intégrité de sécurité sont des exigences introduites par les normes de sécurité fonctionnelle pour fixer des objectifs à atteindre par les fonctions de sécurité selon un référentiel commun. Une quantification des profils de risque tenant compte des dépendances et des SILs de ces fonctions a d'abord été proposée, notamment par l'emploi de techniques de simulation de Monte Carlo biaisée surmontant la faible occurrence des événements de sécurité. Ensuite un exemple de système de transport guidé a été modélisé selon le concept original de situation d'exploitation développé pour considérer les différentes conditions de sécurité dont le contexte opérationnel du système, et permettre de formaliser différents profils de risque. Grâce à une maquette logicielle s'appuyant sur la modélisation précédente, plusieurs simulations du système ont été réalisées et ont mené une évaluation de la sécurité.

Syftet med denna experimentella studie var att öka kunskapen om perfektionism genom att undersöka huruvida perfektionism går att påverka, hur perfektionism påverkar prestation samt hur olika perfektionismdimensioner tar sig uttryck i olika situationer. För att undersöka detta skapades ett internetexperiment innehållande en kort version av Pennebaker’s essay writing procedure (uppsatsskrivande-uppgift), en korrekturläsningsuppgift samt självskattningsformulär för olika perfektionismdimensioner och self-compassion. Deltagarna i studien randomiserades till två olika betingelsegrupper som fick skriva om en gång då de lyckats (pos. betingelsegrupp) eller en gång då de misslyckats (neg. betingelsegrupp). Resultatet visade på ett signifikant samband mellan perfektionismdimensionen perfectionist strivings och antalet ändringar i texten hos den negativa betingelsegruppen samt ett signifikant samband mellan self-compassion och antal skrivna ord i uppsatsskrivande-uppgiften före ändring i den positiva betingelsegruppen. Resultaten visade även på signifikanta korrelationsskillnader både mellan perfektionismdimensionen perfectionist strivings och antalet ändringar i texten samt mellan self-compassion och antalet skrivna ord i uppsatsskrivande-uppgiften. Resultaten tyder på att olika perfektionismdimensioner och self-compassion blir mer framträdande samt påverkar prestation på olika sätt beroende på om situationen är positiv eller negativ.

Sensors are widely deployed in our environment, and their number is increasing rapidly. In the near future, billions of devices will all be connected to each other, creating an Internet of Things. Furthermore, computational intelligence is needed to make applications involving these devices truly exciting. In IoT, however, the vast amounts of data will not be statically prepared for batch processing, but rather continually produced and streamed live to data consumers and intelligent algorithms. We refer to applications that perform live analysis on live data streams, bringing intelligence to IoT, as the Analysis of Things. However, the Analysis of Things also comes with a new set of challenges. The data sources are not collected in a single, centralized location, but rather distributed widely across the environment. AoT applications need to be able to access (consume, produce, and share with each other) this data in a way that is natural considering its live streaming nature. The data transport mechanism must also allow easy access to sensors, actuators, and analysis results. Furthermore, analysis applications require computational resources on which to run. We claim that system support for AoT can reduce the complexity of developing and executing such applications. To address this, we make the following contributions: - A framework for systems support of Live Streaming Analysis in the Internet of Things, which we refer to as the Analysis of Things (AoT), including a set of requirements for system design - A system implementation that validates the framework by supporting Analysis of Things applications at a local scale, and a design for a federated system that supports AoT on a wide geographical scale - An empirical system evaluation that validates the system design and implementation, including simulation experiments across a wide-area distributed system We present five broad requirements for the Analysis of Things and discuss one set of specific system support features that can satisfy these requirements. We have implemented a system, called \textsubscript{SS}IoTa, that implements these features and supports AoT applications running on local resources. The programming model for the system allows applications to be specified simply as operator graphs, by connecting operator inputs to operator outputs and sensor streams. Operators are code components that run arbitrary continuous analysis algorithms on streaming data. By conforming to a provided interface, operators may be developed that can be composed into operator graphs and executed by the system. The system consists of an Execution Environment, in which a Resource Manager manages the available computational resources and the applications running on them, a Stream Registry, in which available data streams can be registered so that they may be discovered and used by applications, and an Operator Store, which serves as a repository for operator code so that components can be shared and reused. Experimental results for the system implementation validate its performance. Many applications are also widely distributed across a geographic area. To support such applications, \textsubscript{SS}IoTa must be able to run them on infrastructure resources that are also distributed widely. We have designed a system that does so by federating each of the three system components: Operator Store, Stream Registry, and Resource Manager. The Operator Store is distributed using a distributed hast table (DHT), however since temporal locality can be expected and data churn is low, caching may be employed to further improve performance. Since sensors exist at particular locations in physical space, queries on the Stream Registry will be based on location. We also introduce the concept of geographical locality. Therefore, range queries in two dimensions must be supported by the federated Stream Registry, while taking advantage of geographical locality for improved average-case performance. To accomplish these goals, we present a design sketch for SkipCAN, a modification of the SkipNet and Content Addressable Network DHTs. Finally, the fundamental issue in the federated Resource Manager is how to distributed the operators of multiple applications across the geographically distributed sites where computational resources can execute them. To address this, we introduce DistAl, a fully distributed algorithm that assigns operators to sites. DistAl also respects the system resource constraints and application preferences for performance and quality of results (QoR), using application-specific utility functions to allow applications to express their preferences. DistAl is validated by simulation results.