<p>Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis and function when produced in physiological ranges. Important sources of cellular ROS include NADPH oxidases (Nox), which are evolutionarily conserved multi-subunit transmembrane proteins. Nox-mediated ROS regulate a variety of biological processes including stem cell proliferation and differentiation, calcium signaling, cell migration, and immunity. ROS participate in intracellular signaling by introducing post-translational modifications to proteins and thereby altering their functions. The central nervous system (CNS) expresses different Nox isoforms during both development and adulthood. There is now emerging evidence that Nox-derived ROS also control neuronal development and pathfinding. Our lab has recently shown that retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from <i>nox2</i> mutant zebrafish exhibit pathfinding errors. However, whether Nox could act downstream of receptors for axonal growth and guidance cues is presently unknown. To investigate this question, we conducted a detailed characterization of the zebrafish <i>nox2</i> mutants that were previously established in our group. Abnormal axon projections were found throughout the CNS of the <i>nox2 </i>mutant zebrafish. Anterior commissural axons failed proper fasciculation, and aberrant axon projections were detected in the dorsal longitudinal fascicle of the spinal cord. We showed that the major brain regions are intact and that the early development of CNS is not significantly altered in <i>nox2 </i>mutants. Hence, the axonal deficits in <i>nox2</i> mutants are not due to general developmental problems, and Nox2 plays a role in axonal pathfinding and targeting. Next, we investigated whether Nox2 could act downstream of slit2/Robo2-mediated guidance during RGC pathfinding. We found that slit2-mediated RGC growth cone collapse was abolished in <i>nox2 </i>mutants <i>in vitro</i>. Further, ROS biosensor imaging showed that slit2 treatment increased growth cone hydrogen peroxide levels via mechanisms through Nox2 activation. Finally, we investigated the possible relationship between slit2/Robo2 and Nox2 signaling <i>in vivo</i>. <i>Astray/nox2</i> double heterozygous mutant larvae exhibited decreased tectal area as opposed to individual heterozygous mutants, suggesting both Nox2 and Robo2 are required for the establishment of retinotectal connections. Our results suggest that Nox2 is part of a signal transduction pathway downstream of slit2/Robo2 interaction regulating axonal guidance cell-autonomously in developing zebrafish retinal neurons.</p>

Den här studien undersöker vilka bakgrundsfaktorer som ligger bakom slit- och slängbeteende. Med hjälp av beteendeteorin Theory of Planned Behavior, intervjuer och observationer så visar studien att funktion och kvalitét måste samspela med kognitiv tillfredställelse för att någon ska vilja behålla en produkt länge. Studien finner även att människors sociala behov är en faktor som kan påverkas för att öka tiden som en person väljer att behålla en produkt. Målet med studien är att genom väletablerade teorier om emotionell design och tillfredsställning genom produkter presentera ett designkoncept som påverkar bakgrundsfaktorerna till slit- och slängbeteendet. Det uppnås genom att hitta en produktkategori bland artefakter som kastas. Det har framkommit att lampor är en sådan en sådan produkt. Designkonceptet som presenteras i den här studien är en bordslampa designad för att påverka bakgrundsfaktorerna som styr intentionen till att hålla kvar vid en produkt. / This study investigates the background factors behind wear and tear behavior. Using the behavioral theory Theory of Planned Behavior, interviews and observations, the study shows that function and quality must interact with cognitive satisfaction in order for someone to want to keep a product for a long time. The study also finds that people's social needs are a factor that can be influenced to increase the time a person chooses to keep a product. The aim of the study is to present, through well-established theories of emotional design and satisfaction through products, a design concept that influences the background factors for wear and tear behavior. This is achieved by finding a product category among discarded artifacts. It has emerged that lamps are one such product. The design concept presented in this study is therefor a table lamp designed to influence the background factors that control the intention to keep a product.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18977号 / 工博第4019号 / 新制||工||1619(附属図書館) / 31928 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科建築学専攻 / (主査)教授 中島 正愛, 教授 金子 佳生, 教授 吹田 啓一郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

<p>The Slit morphogen is a secreted glycoprotein that is naturally cleaved into two fragments. The amino fragment (N-Slit) contains Leucine Rich Repeats (LRR) that are recognised by Robo receptors, and is sufficient to mediate attractive or repellent signalling in <em>Drosophila </em>tissues, for example, during growth cone guidance at the midline of the nervous system. The carboxy fragment (C-Slit) is composed of EGF repeats and a Laminin-like globular domain. Although C-Slit expression does not restore repellent signalling, it does rescue other morphogenetic defects in <em>slit</em> mutants.</p> <p>Formation of the dorsal vessel (or heart) requires function of <em>slit</em> and <em>robo</em>. Slit is required for coordinated migration of heart cell precursors, cell polarisation and the formation of a lumen in the heart tube. We have characterised the morphogenetic activities of N- Slit and C-Slit during assembly of the heart.</p> <p>Our laboratory has shown that Slit transgenes lacking the LRR region fail to rescue the mutant phenotype in the nervous system. However, <em>slit</em> trangenes lacking the LRR results in a partial rescue phenotype in the heart suggesting that C-Slit might have functional significance in the heart. Therefore, Slit function in heart vasculogenesis has different requirements compared to the nervous system. For example, Slit –Robo2 interaction may have an adhesive function in addition to a signalling function during vasculogenesis.</p> <p>Our results indicate that C-Slit funtions as a heart morphogen. In <em>slit</em> mutants, over-expression of C-Slit results in a partial rescue phenotype with several features such as cell clumping, overlapping of cells and cells which are elongated. Together, these data suggest alternative functions for Slit during heart morphogenesis.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

<p>I have put my half title as the main thesis title here. I would like to use that as the title displayed online.</p> / <p>The Drosophila heart arises from two bilateral rows of cardioblasts (CB) that migratedorsally towards the midline and contact their contralateral partners to form the dorsal vessel.Generally, migrating cells rely on the extensions at the leading edge domain. Like other migratingcells, we show that the leading edge of the CBs extends finger-like processes which might play arole in sensing guidance cues during guided migration. Expressing an mCherry-Moesin transgenein the CBs enabled us to characterise the dynamic nature and genetic requirements of thesefilopodial processes. While studying the role of filopodial activity during heart assembly weobserved that CBs extended cellular protrusions towards the internalizing amnioserosa cells.Filopodial activity is low during migration, and rises when the CBs are near the amnioserosacells. However, filopodial contacts are stabilized by interaction with contralateral CBs, not theamnioserosa cells. CB cell bodies can contact their contra lateral partners only after theamnioserosa is fully internalized. We propose that filopodia are generated in response to thepresence of sensory guidance molecules excreted by the amnioserosa cells.Robo/Slit signalling has been previously shown to play a role in CB migration, adhesionand lumen formation. Additionally, studies have shown that Robo/Slit signalling plays a role infilopodial extension in the Drosophila nervous system development. We observed that in embryosin which Robo signaling in the CBs was reduced or absent, the CBs were less active at the LE. Inaddition, the migration speed of CBs in mutant embryos was notably decreased. Based on theseresults, we hypothesize that Robo/Slit signaling plays a role in filopodial extensions.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

<p>In this thesis, we discuss the study and realization of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and their devices. Plasmonics is the emerging field that will help technologies advance further into the nano-scale without the concern for delays or size limitations. SPPs are a more advanced field of photonics as they use metals instead of the semiconductors or insulators used in optics. They operate at frequencies in the light and near infrared spectrum, as this range produces their unique characteristics. Plasmonics possess the miniaturization of electronics and the speed of photonics. They do not suffer from both the delays in nano-electronics, and the size limitations faced in optics. In this thesis, we present the optimization of plasmonic slit arrays by designing the parabolic phase profile of the array. Moreover, we present a novel multilevel plasmonic coupler that will aid in the realization of 3-D plasmonic chips, as well as quadrature modulation. The theory, procedures, and results are all presented and discussed.</p> / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Proper formation of the heart is a critical developmental event which requires strict regulation of coordinated cardial cell adhesion, alignment, and migration. The simple, tube-like heart of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has proven to be an attractive system in which to study the regulatory pathways which control cardiogenesis. This is mainly due to its strikingly similarity to the vertebrate heart during early embryogenesis. In addition, many genes identified in association with congenital heart disease in humans have homologues in Drosophila, suggesting that this model organism has great potential to contribute to cardiovascular research. The extracellular matrix protein encoded by slit is a ligand for the receptors Robo, and Robo2 (lea). Recently, a third receptor for Slit has been identified as the heparin sulfate proteoglycan Syndecan. The main objective of this thesis was to use time lapse confocal imaging in order to develop further understanding of the mechanisms which result in heart assembly defects in slit, robo, lea, and syndecan mutants. We also aimed to gain a better understanding of the role of Syndecan within the Slit-Robo pathway and elucidate its relative contribution to development of the mature heart. In mutants homozygous for slit, as well as mutants doubly heterozygous for robo and lea, cardial cell alignment, adhesion, and synchronized migration were disrupted. The heart phenotype of syndecan homozygous mutants was similar that of slit and robo, lea, however the migration speed of cells to the midline did not seem to be affected. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that Slit may have Syndecan-dependent and Syndecan-independent functions in the heart. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Vintage fashion och secondhandkläder har fått ett nytt ljus i dagens samhälle. Det har alltid funnits en andrahandsmarknad för kläder, men nu när det kallas vintage har det blivit högsta mode. Fler och fler söker sig till butiker eller platser som kan förse sina kunder med det annorlunda plagget som ingen annan har. Men ändå finns det ett berg av kläder som skräpar ner vårt samhälle. Vad som orsakar detta är våra gigantiska klädimperier som manipulerar konsumenterna med det ”trendiga” då det är följd av shoppande och exklusivitet. Hur vi konsumenter bär oss åt efter konsumering av våra kläder är oklart för de flesta av oss. Orsaken kan vara att man inte begrundar det som något viktigt då det bara är kläder. Även kläder kan innehålla kemikalier som kan vara skadliga för miljön. Varje dag ökar mängden avfall i samhället och att deponera avfallet på soptippen är ingen långsiktig lösning. Upplösning av avfall kan både leda till föroreningar och till starkt koncentrerade och förorenande restprodukter. Vi måste bli bättre på att hantera vårt klädesavfall så att det på sikt gynnar både den enskilda människan och vår miljö. Vi har försökt beskriva vad som ger upphov till uppkomsten av alla dessa klädesavfall och även kunna upplysa om hur man kan hantera situationen på ett bättre sätt. Det finns många olika alternativ för att på ett bättre sätt hantera våra konsumerade kläder. Berget av klädesavfall bara växer så varför inte byta kläder med varandra, låna kläder från klädbiblioteket, lämna in kläderna till respektive klädkedjor, skänka det till någon secondhandbutik eller varför inte göra om kläderna på egen hand. / <p>Vintage fashion and secondhandclothing has gained new light in today's society. There has always been a secondary market for clothes, but now that it is called vintage, it has become very fashionable. More and more people are looking for the stores or locations that can provide their customers with the different garment that no one else has. But still, there is a mountain of clothes that litter our society. What’s causing this is our gigantic clothing empires that manipulate consumers with the "trendy" when it is due to excitement and exclusivity. How we as consumers behave after the consumption of our clothing is unclear for most of us. The reason may be that you do not ponder it as something impor¬tant because it is only clothing. Even clothing may contain chemicals that can pollute the environment. Every day the amount of waste in society increases and to deposit the waste at the landfill is no long-term solution. Dissolution of waste can lead both to pollution and highly concentrated and polluting wastes. We must become better at dealing with our garment waste so that it ultimately benefits both the individual and our environment. We have tried to describe what gives rise to the emergence of all these garment waste and also to provide information on how to handle the situation better.There are many different options to better manage our clothing consumption. The mountain of garment waste only grows so why not change clothes with each other, to borrow clothes from the clothes library, provide clothes for each clothing stores, donate it to a secondhand store or why not remake the clothes on your own.</p><p>Program: Kandidat inom Magisterutbildning i fashion management med inriktning modemarknadsföring</p>

This study is an experimental research to formulate the discharge over sharp-crested rectangular weirs. Firstly, a series of measurements on different weir heights were conducted to find the minimum weir height for which channel bed friction has no effect on discharge capacity. After determining the appropriate weir height, weir width was reduced to collect data on discharge-water head over weir relationship for a variety of different weir openings. Then, the data was analyzed through regression analysis along with utilization of global optimization technique to reach the desired formulation for the discharge. By taking advantage of a newly-introduced &ldquo / weir velocity&rdquo / concept, a simple function was eventually detected for the discharge where no discharge coefficient was involved. The behavior of the weir velocity function obtained in the present study illustrates the transition between the fully contracted and partially contracted weirs. In addition, the proposed weir velocity formulation is simple and robust to calculate the discharge for full range of weir widths.

ABSTRACT GENERALIZED COUETTE FLOW OF A HERSCHEL - BULKLEY FLUID THROUGH ECCENTRIC ANNULUS - AN APPROXIMATE SOLUTION Seyidoglu, Tijen M.S., Department of Chemical Engineering Supervisor: ismail Tosun Co-Supervisor: Ahmet N. Eraslan January 2006, 134 pages Generalized Couette flow of a Herschel-Bulkley fluid in an eccentric annulus is analyzed by approximating the flow geometry as a slit of variable height. Besides an imposed pressure gradient, one of the plates is considered non-stationary to take into account the axial and/or angular motion of the inner pipe in an eccentric annulus system. Depending on the magnitude and the direction of the applied pressure gradient with respect to the plate velocity, three separate flow cases are studied in which the velocity reaches its maximum value either within the plug flow region or at the moving boundary. Velocity distributions are obtained for each case by solving the equations of continuity and motion. Volumetric flow rate expressions are obtained by integrating the velocity distribution over the cross-sectional area. At a given pressure gradient, the results indicate an increase in volumetric flow rate with an increase in eccentricity ratio. Criteria for each flow type is developed in terms of a dimensionless parameter &amp / #923 / , which takes into account the ratio of the imposed pressure gradient to the plate velocity. Volumetric flow rate expressions for Newtonian, Bingham and power-law fluids are obtained by considering the limiting values of the fluid index and yield stress. The validity of the equations are checked by considering the slit height to be a constant, i.e., flow between parallel plates. Surge/swab pressure calculations are carried out for Herschel-Bulkley, power-law and Bingham fluids and the results are expressed as a function of eccentricity ratio, radius ratio, fluid index and yield stress. The results indicate that when the fluid index and the eccentricity ratio are fixed, a slight increase in the radius ratio causes a tremendous increase in surge/swab pressure, especially for low values of fluid index. On the other hand, displacement of the inner pipe from a concentric position causes a decrease in swab/surge pressure when other parameters are held constant. Comparison with the literature values reveals the fact that flow in an eccentric annulus can be modeled as flow between a slit of variable height as long as the radius ratio is greater than 0.5 and the eccentricity ratio is less than 0.3. The results for other values of radius ratio and eccentricity ratio can be used as initial guess values in carrying out numerical calculations.