Citizenship - commitment to and participation in a political community - is the heart of constitutional democracy and a free society. Knowledge of the rights, responsibilities, and privileges are the electrical impulses that keep a steady beat. Without the participation of educated citizens, a democratic republic can not and does not function. This study analyzed the relationship between adolescent behavior and civic engagement. This task was accomplished by examining the amount of civic knowledge possessed by two groups within a population. The population examined, a high school in Flagler County, was composed of "at risk" students (those who had an Individualized Education Plan) and "regular" students (those that did not). The study uncovered the message that the amount of civic knowledge possessed by American youth was not as important as it was for them to be engaged in extracurricular activities. During the course of time, educators appear to have restricted their own ability to plan for and provide learning experiences that take in to consideration the physical characteristics; physical needs; patterns of growth and maturation; physiological changes; intellectual development; intellectual characteristics; learning preferences and styles; emotional development; personality development; and social development of each and every young adolescent attending school. When interesting, affordable activities are not made available, students become bored and get in to trouble during after school hours. Adolescent behaviors such as moral judgment and risk taking (or lack thereof) affect their decision to become civically involved.

Актуальность темы исследования. Разные культурные традиции сказываются на рабочем процессе, общении между людьми, криминогенной обстановке и единстве общества. С 2010 года по 2018 наблюдается рост численности въезжающих Вьетнамских граждан более чем в полтора раза, часть из которых прибыли с целями трудоустройства (кроме трудовых мигрантов, есть школьники, студенты и аспиранты). Известно, что именно детский возраст – это тот период, когда возможно эффективно скорректировать, сформировать важные области детского развития, что будет влиять на их адаптацию в обществе в дальнейшем. Следовательно, исследования кросс-культурных различий развития человека, в частности младенца, являются актуальными в наше время. Объектом исследования является психо-социальное развитие младенцев. Предметом исследования является кросс-культурные различия в психо-социальном развитии младенцев Росии и Вьетнама. Цель и задачи исследования: выявить различия в психо-социальном развитии младенцев России и Вьетнама. Научно-информационная база исследования: Культурноисторическая теория Выготского, концепция онтогенетического развития психики в общении М.И. Лисиной, общепсихологическая теория деятельности А.Н. Леонтьева. Научная новизна исследования заключается в следующем: Данное исследование – это одна из первых попыток найти различия между Россией и Вьетнамом. Научно-практическая значимость исследования. В первую очередь, результаты данного исследования дают возможность родителю более экологично для ребенка взаимодействовать с ним. Помимо этого, результаты данного исследования позволят психологам, работающим с младенцами типично и атипично развивающимися, повысить качество работы с семьями, имеющими таких детей и разработать подходящие сопровождающие и коррекционные методики, основанные на кросс-культурных особенностях. Данное исследование является частью лонгитюдного исследовательского проекта при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда РФФИ.№ 19-513-92001 \ 19. Содержание диссертации. Диссертация состоит из введения, трех глав, выводов, заключения, списка литературы в количестве 77 источников, 3 приложения. Объём работы — 68 страницы печатного текста, который содержит 1 таблицу. В рамках исследования имеется публикация: «Различие маркеров детско-родительского взаимодействия у детей с типичным и атипичным развитием» (2019). / Relevance of the research topic. Different cultural traditions affect the work process, communication between people, the criminal environment and the unity of society. From 2010 to 2018, there has been an increase in the number of incoming Vietnamese citizens by more than one and a half times, some of whom arrived for employment purposes (in addition to labor migrants, there are schoolchildren, students and postgraduates). It is known that children's age is the period when it is possible to effectively correct and form important areas of children's development, which will affect their adaptation in society in the future. Therefore, research on cross-cultural differences in human development, in particular in infants, is relevant in our time. The object of research is the psycho-social development of infants. The subject of the study is cross-cultural differences in the psycho-social development of infants in Russia and Vietnam. The purpose and objectives of the study: to identify differences in the psycho-social development of infants in Russia and Vietnam. Scientific and information base of the research: Vygotsky's cultural and Historical theory, the concept of ontogenetic development of the psyche in communication M. I. Lisina, the General psychological theory of activity A. N. Leontiev. The scientific novelty of the study is as follows: This study is one of the first attempts to find differences between Russia and Vietnam. Scientific and practical significance of the research. First of all, the results of this study allow the parent to interact with the child in a more environmentally friendly way. In addition, the results of this study will allow psychologists working with typically and atypically developing infants to improve the quality of work with families with such children and develop appropriate accompanying and corrective methods based on cross-cultural characteristics. This research is part of a longitudinal research project supported by a grant from the Russian science Foundation (RFBR) no. 19-513-92001 \ 19. Content of the dissertation. The dissertation consists of an introduction, three chapters, conclusions, conclusion, list of references in the number of 77 sources, 3 appendices. The volume of work is 68 pages of printed text, which contains 1 table. Within the framework of the study, there is a publication: "Differences in markers of child-parent interaction in children with typical and atypical development" (2019).

Protecting the environment for future generations is crucial. Although businesses are under strong pressure to support sustainability, many leaders find it challenging to meet the environmental needs of the present without negatively impacting their economic goals. This paper describes some methods that businesses have adopted to effectively manage environmental issues and offer an opportunity for competitive advantage. In particular, three case studies show ways that the companies have embraced and integrated sustainability into their strategic planning process, which helped them achieve growth and success in the context of social and environmental concerns. The paper shows how these businesses have chosen to embrace sustainability to minimize the negative impact in our environment, society, and economy. The case studies can help managers define and prioritize their sustainability goals, achieve social and economic value, and transform these environmental investments into sources of competitive advantage. This paper can be beneficial to other businesses who desire to move beyond compliance of the law and become proactive in helping our environment for future generations.

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The purpose of this research study was to investigate the need parents who are home schooling may have for knowledge and assistance to enhance the social development of their children. Findings from an initial investigation into the literature indicated that peer relations and extra-curricular activities may provide opportunities for socialization in children. Informal rating scales measuring social developmental trends and relationships with others were used to obtain data from parents and children regarding the social development of the children. Furthermore, data were obtained during focus group and individual interviews, from questionnaires and children's drawings. Results from the literature study and empirical investigation resulted in a body of knowledge that would assist home schooling parents to provide opportunities for the adequate social development of their children. It can be concluded that home schooled children would find interaction with peers and participation in extra-curricular activities beneficial for their social development. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

The study has established that modernisation development paradigm is currently governing the contemporary world of conventional development. Globalisation is the tool currently in use for modernisation, drummed up by the North, largely targeting the resources of the Southern hemisphere, through Structural Adjustment Programmes. Social welfare development interventions have been devised to provide safety-net for the poor, social casualities of modernisation process. The short cut has been to bail them out through relief handouts. Participatory development concept, is built on the belief that the world had the means to improve the situation of the poor through fair redistribution of wealth, technology, knowledge, and ideas accruing from modernisation. But this calls for the political will to address the issue of inequality, power imbalance and social injustice as a primary goal. Achieving economic growth and ensuring equitable distribution should, of necessity, be compatible. Participatory development approach is to be preferred as it is accommodative, open and creative, drawing heavily from life experiences of those involved. It also puts people at the centre of development process. It is a paradigm that seeks to empower people to assume full responsibility for their own development including the consequences of their decisions and actions. It has been established that management boards and staff are the main prime movers of strategic planning activities in an organisation. Strategic planning was appreciated by the organisational staff as an opportunity to converge their views and towards influencing organisational policy, a precious window of opportunity for them to participate in causing organisational change. Notably, donor partners generally played a minimal role in this regard. Ironically, community constituency played the least role in the planning activities owing to their often marginal disposition among stakeholders. The most satisfactory outcome of participatory strategic planning was the clarity in the future direction of an organisations and more refined planning with sense of collective responsibility. It can authoritatively be declared here that participatory strategic planning is significantly efficacious as a tool for organisation building, but under certain conditions discussed in the concluding Chapter of the thesis. / Development Studies / D. Litt et Phil. (Development Studies)

The central focus of this study is the role of the church as a faith-based organisation in dealing with unemployment. Following an introductory chapter in which the research methodology and modus operandi are being explained, Chapter 2 is devoted to a discussion, in the light of recent literature, of the concept of unemployment and the effect of unemployment on the individual, the family and society. In Chapter 3 the discussion focuses on the involvement of faith-based organisations in addressing unemployment as part of social development. In Chapter 4 the empirical survey, conducted by means of semi structured interviews with church leaders in the Paarl-Wellington-area, is described. The interpreted results are discussed in Chapter 5 according to main themes, sub themes and categories. A literature control is carried out simultaneously. Based upon the literature study and the findings of the empirical survey, certain conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made in chapter 6. These recommendations are specifically aimed at activating the church in the form of local congregations to get actively involved in dealing with unemployment in their environment and community. / Social Work / D.Diac. (Youth Work)

The backlog in foster care applications has been an issue in the Department of Health and Social Development, Johannesburg office, for the last number of years, resulting in foster care placement applications accumulating and families’ quality of life being affected and compromised. The service providers are inundated with high caseloads. Foster care applications could take up to a year or longer before they are processed and finalised at the Children’s Court. The aim of the study was to explore and describe the factors contributing to the foster care backlog from the service providers’ perspective and to provide suggestions to address this continuing backlog. The researcher employed a qualitative research approach and an explorative, descriptive and contextual research design. Factors such as high caseloads, lack of resources and lack of support and training from management were identified as contributing to the backlog. Recommendations made are the immediate filling of vacant posts, induction of new social workers, provision of adequate resources and infrastructure as well as the division of foster care services. / Social Work / M.A. (Mental Health)

Text in Afrikaans / Papalia, Olds en Feldman (2008:419) noem dat die woord "adolessensie" van die Latynse woord "adolescere" afkomstig is. Dit beteken "om te groei in volwassenheid". In hierdie geval word adolessensie gesien as ʼn proses eerder as ʼn spesifieke tydperk in ʼn individu se lewe. Hierdie studie fokus op die adolessent, in die besonder die vroeë adolessente dogter en haar psigo-sosiale ontwikkeling. Spesifieke navorsing word gedoen oor die verhoudingsprobleme wat by die vroeë adolessente dogter gedurende die psigo-sosiale stadium van vroeë adolessensie voorkom, en die moontlikheid van groepsterapie as terapeutiese intervensie. Die benutting van groepsterapie, in die konteks van vroeë adolessente dogters met portuurgroep-verhoudingsprobleme, het die navorser geïnteresseer, weens haar ondervinding met kinders en spesifiek vroeë adolessente dogters met verhoudingsprobleme. Dogters is meer betrokke by hul verhoudings, hulle is meer uitgesproke in terme van hul emosies en benodig emosionele ondersteuning van hul portuurgroep, meer dikwels as wat seuns doen (Papalia et al. 2008:398). Sue, Sue en Sue (2006:579) skryf die toename in groepsterapie toe aan die feit dat baie sielkundige probleme interpersoonlik en intrapersoonlik van aard is. Verhoudingsprobleme binne groepe word dikwels die beste hanteer binne ʼn groep. / Papalia et al. (2008:419) state that the word "adolescence" comes from the Latin word "adolescere". It means "to grow in maturity". In this case, adolescence is seen as a process rather than as a specific time period in an individual's life. This study focuses on the adolescent, and in particular the early adolescent girl and her psychosocial development. Specific research is done on the relationship problems that occur during the development of the psychosocial stage of early adolescent girls and possible therapeutic interventions with the problem. The utilisation of group therapy, in the context of early adolescent girls and peer-relationship problems, interests the researcher, because of her experience with children and specifically early adolescent girls who are prone to peer-relationship problems. Girls are more concerned with their relationships; they are more outspoken in terms of their emotions and seek emotional support from their peers more often than boys do (Papalia et al.2008:398). Sue et al.(2006:579) attributes the increase in group therapy to the fact that many psychological problems are interpersonal and intrapersonal in nature. Relationship problems in groups are often best handled within the group. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Voorligting)

TITLE: The program "The Leader in Me" as one of the methods for personal development of primary school pupil AUTHOR: Lenka Ioannidis SUPERVISOR: PhDr. Tereza Krčmářová, Ph. D. ABSTRACT: This study is focused on the implementation of the program "The Leader in Me" in elementary schools. Theoretical part is an approach to self- management within primary education. The research section includes current picture of program implementation, "The Leader in Me" in the Czech Republic. The outcome of this work is an original designed leisure activity elaborated on the theme of The 7 Habits. KEYWORDS: self-management, action research, case study, Program "The Leader in Me", Personal and social development, 7 habits, S. R. Covey.