Les concepts psychosociologiques, tels que « la stigmatisation, le préjugé et le stéréotype » sont à la fois complexes et difficiles à circonscrire, car ils demandent une approche multidisciplinaire. En effet, ils sont étudiés par différents domaines de recherche tels que :la sociologie, la psychologie, la philosophie, et l’anthropologie.De plus, la notion de « déficience visuelle » est compliquée. Elle est assimilée à l’infériorité et à l’incapacité qui sont des sources de rejet et d’exclusion sociaux ;elle est aussi un frein à la vie normale.Cette même notion renvoie également à des stéréotypes et préjugés plaçant ainsi les personnes en déficience visuelle dans des situations de stigmatisation et de mésestime de soi.La rencontre d'une personne en déficience visuelle, aveugle ou malvoyante, dans les lieux publics est a priori source de diverses attitudes. En effet, l’image et l’apparence physiques de ces personnes représenteraient un obstacle pour nouer des relations avec autrui.Aussi, aborder la question de la déficience visuelle en milieu professionnel, c'est poser d'emblée la question du regard diminué porté sur le handicap et spécialement sur les compétences professionnelles de ces mêmes individus.Par ailleurs, ces attitudes « face à la déficience visuelle » seraient liées à d’autres questions notamment celle de la « culture », la question du stigmate comme élément de structuration culturelle et le handicap comme variable culturelle. Dans ce sens, en ce qui est des personnes souffrant de surdité, celles-ci forment une communauté culturelle définie principalement par une spécificité linguistique, mais aussi par un mode de vie, une organisation sociale et un espace d’expression propre qui crée une identité collective.L’âme de cette thèse questionne l’intégration professionnelle des travailleurs présentant une déficience visuelle. Au-delà de cette question, nous nous intéressons à la construction sociale du handicap. D’un point de vue plus fondamental, nous interrogeons la spécificité de ce type d’handicap du point de vue de la psychologie sociale, avec l’hypothèse de structuration d’un exogroupe sans endogroupe. Ainsi, la présente thèse a pour objectif de déterminer si les personnes avec une déficience visuelle s’organisent en communauté en formant un endogroupe tel qu’il est le cas chez les personnes souffrant de surdité. / Psychological concepts, such as « stigma, prejudice and stereotypes » are complex and difficult to define in the same time. These concepts could be approached by multiple research fields such as: sociology, psychology, philosophy, and anthropology.In addition, the notion of « visual impairment » is complicated. It is assimilated to the inferiority and incapacity, source of rejection and social exclusion. Also it’s holding back from a normal life. This same note makes alludes to stereotypes and prejudices, putting the individual affected by visual impairment in situations where they face stigma and low self-esteem. The encounter with an individual with visual impairment, blind or partially, sighted in public areas is a source of multiple attitudes. Actually, the image and physical presentation of these individuals represents a barrier to establish a connection with other people. Addressing the issue of visual impairment in the professional field, equals to question how the disability is being perceived and specially the professional competence of these individuals. Furthermore, these attitudes «towards visual impairment mare linked to other reasons like « culture ». The issue of stigma as a cultural structuring element and the disability as a cultural variable as. In this sense, concerning people with hearing impairment, people with visual impairment make a cultural community chiefly defined by not only a linguistic specificity, but, also, a lifestyle, a social organization, and a special space for expression that creates a collective identity.The main concern of this thesis is to question the professional integration of visually impaired workers. Beyond this concern, we are interested in the social construction of the handicapped. From a more fundamental point of view, we question the specificity of this group from a psycho-social perspective, with bearing in mind the hypothesis of structuring the outgroup without the ingroup. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to determine whether people with visual impairment can make their own ingroup similarly to people with hearing impairment. / Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Devido às dimensões cada vez mais reduzidas dos transistores e a utilização de novos materiais com baixa condutividade térmica, o desempenho de transistores avançados é afetado pelo autoaquecimento. Dispositivos sob os efeitos de autoaquecimento sofrem um aumento da sua temperatura, fazendo com que a mobilidade seja reduzida, além de comprometer a confiabilidade e gerar atrasos de sinal, trazendo impactos na eficiência de circuitos analógicos, bem como afetando o desempenho de circuitos digitais. Apesar da relevância do fenômeno, muitos estudos não o levam em consideração devido à dificuldade de sua verificação, uma vez que os métodos utilizados para transistores avançados requerem estruturas ou equipamentos especiais, que são raramente disponíveis. Dessa forma, três novas técnicas são desenvolvidas neste trabalho com o objetivo de viabilizar o estudo do efeito utilizando estruturas convencionais e medidas em corrente contínua: (i) a condutância de saída média; (ii) o método da assinatura na eficiência do transistor; (iii) a estimativa da resistência térmica utilizando somente medidas em corrente contínua. Os dois primeiros métodos são focados em uma análise qualitativa do autoaquecimento, permitindo uma verificação preliminar eficiente da presença e relevância do efeito, enquanto o terceiro método permite a extração da resistência térmica a partir do inverso da eficiência do transistor utilizando um processo iterativo, consequentemente possibilitando a obtenção do aumento da temperatura do canal devido ao autoaquecimento, com boa precisão e maior simplicidade em relação aos métodos disponíveis na literatura (com erro máximo menor que 6% para transistores de múltiplas portas em relação ao método de medidas pulsadas). Com essas técnicas, são feitas comparações da elevação de temperatura do canal entre transistores de múltiplas portas (também chamados de FinFET ou transistores 3D) e transistores de silício sobre isolante com camada de silício e óxido enterrado extremamente finos (SOI UTBB), usando simulações tridimensionais para obter condições similares de potência. Em dispositivos com menores comprimentos de canal, os FinFETs apresentaram temperaturas cerca de 60 K acima dos UTBBs. / Due to the reduction of devices\' dimensions and the use of new materials with low thermal conductivity, self-heating affects the performances of advanced transistors. Devices under self-heating effects suffer an increase of their temperature, causing mobility reduction, besides compromising reliability and generating signal delays, bringing impacts to the efficiency of analog circuits, and affecting the performance of digital circuits. Despite the relevance of the phenomenon, many studies do not consider it, given the difficulty to assess it, since the methods used for advanced transistors require special structures or equipment, which are rarely available. Hence, three new techniques are developed in this work, with the objective of permitting the study of the effect utilizing conventional structures and direct current measurements: (i) the mean output conductance method; (ii) the signature in the transistor efficiency method; (iii) the thermal resistance estimative using only direct current measurements. The first two methods are focused on a qualitative analysis of the self-heating, allowing an efficient preliminary verification of the presence and relevance of the effect, while the last allows the extraction of the thermal resistance from the inverse of the transistor efficiency through an iterative process, consequently making it possible to obtain the temperature rise in the channel due to the self-heating with a good precision and greater simplicity when compared to other methods available in the literature (with maximum error smaller than 6% for multiple gate transistors when compared to the pulsed method). With these techniques, comparisons between multiple gate transistors (also known as FinFET or 3D transistors) and silicon-on-oxide with ultra-thin body and buried oxide (SOI UTBB) are performed, utilizing three-dimensional simulations to obtain similar power conditions. In devices with smaller channel length, FinFETs presented temperatures approximately 60 K above the UTBBs.

L'activité professionnelle permet de faire l'expérience de la réalité sociale et de s'y intégrer. En effet, notre société est profondément marquée par le travail. Ce constat est valable pour le travail en tant que tel mais il se poursuit aussi dans tout le schéma de l'existence, se reflétant ainsi dans les joies et les peines du quotidien, dans sa vision de la performance et du succès, dans sa justification des inégalités mais également dans sa culture. Les marques identitaires trouvent aussi leur reflet dans le statut qui prend une signification et une importance particulières pour les cadres, dans leurs rôles de décideurs ou proches des décideurs.Partant d'une étude historique de la notion du travail depuis le XVIème siècle, cette thèse définit le rôle et la place des cadres en s'appuyant sur un questionnaire diffusé auprès de cadres en France et en Allemagne. Les données qualitatives de ce questionnaire étaient mises en perspective avec des statistiques officielles quantitatives concernant cette population. Afin de relever les mutations profondes qui marquent le monde du travail aujourd'hui et tout particulièrement le monde des cadres en France et en Allemagne, et pour déterminer dans quelle mesure l'épanouissement individuel au travail demeure une fin en soi à une époque où certains prônent la fin du travail, le dernier chapitre de cette thèse s'attache à éclaircir les interrogations actuelles autour des nouvelles lois économiques, des NTIC, de la société de services, de la mondialisation et du capitalisme financier. / Managers Work Fulfillment End in itself

La présente thèse traite du sujet de la formation de soi-même, coûteux pour l'éducation, en mettant l'accent sur la figure du spectateur du cinéma. Sa création prend pour intercesseurs des témoignages de spectateurs, dont les récits, organisés autour de la mémoire d’oeuvres frappantes, exposent une cathégorie particulière de films : les films d’une vie. Il s’agit de films qui, à l’insu de leur importance dans l’histoire du cinéma, ont eu une importance dans «l’histoire individuelle » de chaqu’un, films dont l’élection se fait à partir d’une intimité première avec le corps de celui qui le regarde, en fait l’expérience, et est prêt à raconter son expérience, ou, plus exactement, les souvenirs qu’en demeurent. Extraits de la collection de livres intitulée Les films de ma vie, dont l’organisation a été entreprise par Leon Cakoff à l’occasion du 32ème Festival Internacional de Cinéma de São Paulo, les récits, tissés avec les images qui sont «emportées avec soi », indiquent qu’il y a quelque chose d’une vie qui se passe dans l’acte de réminiscence des films lesquels, pour quelque raison, sont «portés » pour la vie. Quelque chose qui concerne le passage et l’invention du temps, les différentes postures du corps et de l’âme, les expériences du monde et de l’être. Par conséquent, les questions proposées par la thèse au sujet de ce qu’elle suppose être un mouvement ontologique, poussé par l’expérimentation cinématographique vers le soi-même, résultent d’une conversation avec les récits et de la rencontre avec les « choses » qu’ils donnent à voir. En outre, à côté des témoignages, compose aussi la thèse l’attitude esthétique de la chercheuse elle-même qui, dans la condition de spectatrice et aimante du cinéma, prend pour intercesseurs aussi les films de sa propre collection pour, en mouvant les choses d’un côté à l’autre, exercer l’écriture. La necessité de la relation avec la parole d’autrui pour la composition de sa propre écriture exprime, ainsi, une certaine inscription benjaminienne dans la téssiture théorique et méthodologique de la tâche. On n’entend pas reconstituer, à partir de vestiges de l’expérience, aucune totalité : on vise plutôt ruminer et problématiser le thème à partir du choix de textes qui, déplacés de son origine textuelle, s’engagent à composer poétiquement le texte autre de la thèse. Dans ce chemin de rencontres et passages se mobilise la question : comment, de «l’ouverture au monde » immanente au cinéma, peut devenir l’ouverture au monde du soimême, relative au plan ontologique, dans la sphère de la réception – dans la mesure où cette réception est si proche du sujet de la formation de soi-même, dans les pratiques éducatives? / Esta tese trata do tema da formação de si, caro à educação, com foco na figura do espectador do cinema. Parto dos depoimentos de alguns espectadores, cujas narrativas foram organizadas em torno de sua memória, em relação a um tipo particular de filmes: os filmes de uma vida. Trata-se de filmes que, a despeito de sua importância para a história do cinema, tiveram importância para a “história individual” de cada um, filmes cuja eleição sucede a partir de uma intimidade primeira com o corpo daquele que olha, experimenta, e se dispõe a narrar sua experiência, ou, mais propriamente, as lembranças do que dela resta. Tais narrativas foram selecionadas a partir da coleção de livros intitulada Os filmes da minha vida, cuja organização foi iniciada por Leon Cakoff, à ocasião da 32ª Mostra Internacional de Cinema de São Paulo. Os depoimentos, tecidos por entre imagens que alguém “leva consigo”, indicam que qualquer coisa de uma vida se passa no ato de reminiscência de filmes, os quais, por alguma razão, são “carregados” pela vida afora. A tese, portanto, trata do tema da passagem e da invenção do tempo, também de diferentes posturas do corpo e da alma, sobre as experiências do mundo e do ser. Assim, as questões propostas pela pesquisa, relativamente ao que suspeita tratar-se de um movimento ontológico, impulsionado pela experimentação cinematográfica em direção ao si mesmo, surgem de uma conversa com as narrativas e do encontro com as “coisas” que elas trazem à vista. Além disso, ao lado dos depoimentos, integra a tese a atitude estética da própria pesquisadora que, na condição de espectadora e amante do cinema, toma como intercessores também os filmes de seu próprio acervo para, movendo as coisas de um lado a outro, ensaiar a escrita. A necessidade da relação com a palavra de outrem para a composição da própria escritura exprime, assim, certa inscrição benjaminiana na contextura teórica e metodológica do trabalho. Não há intenção de reconstituir, a partir dos resquícios da experiência, qualquer totalidade: busca-se antes problematizar o tema a partir da escolha de excertos que, deslocados de sua origem textual, passam a compor poeticamente o texto outro da tese. Por esse caminho de encontros e passagens, mobiliza-se a pergunta que move a tese: como, da “abertura para o mundo” imanente no cinema, pode devir a própria “abertura do mundo”, referente ao plano ontológico, na esfera da recepção – na medida em que tal recepção se encontra tão próxima do tema da formação de si, nas práticas educacionais? / This thesis deals with the subject of the self formation, expensive to the education, with focus on the figure of the spectator of the cinema. Its creation dialogues with statements made by spectators, whose narratives, organized around the memory of meaningful oeuvres, cover a specific category of films: the films of a life. It refers to films that, despite their importance to cinema history, were important in each one’s “individual history”, films which choice starts at a first intimacy with the watcher’s body, who experiments and is willing to tell their experience or, more exactly, its remaining memories. Selected from the book collection entitled The films of my life, which organization was started by Leon Cakoff at the 32nd International Film Festival of São Paulo, the narratives, sewed between images “taken with oneself”, indicate the happening of something of a lifetime in the act of reminiscing films that, for some reason, are “carried” throughout life. Something that speaks of the passage and invention of time, about different postures of body and soul, about experiencing the world and being. Therefore, the questions this thesis proposes relatively to what, it suspects, refers to an ontological movement, driven towards the self by cinematic experience, emerge from confronting these narratives and encountering the “things” they bring into view. Furthermore, composing the thesis alongside with the testimonies, the researcher’s own esthetic attitude, as a spectator and film lover herself, integrates her own collection of movies to, moving things from side to side, engage in the writing experience. The necessity of relating to others’ writing for composing her own expresses a certain benjaminian inscription in the work’s theoretical and methodological construction. The intention is not to recreate, from the debris of experience, any totality: the aim is to ruminate and problematize the theme leaning on excerpts which, dislodged from their textual origin, begin to compose poetically the text other of the thesis. Along this path of encounters and passages moves the question: how, from the “opening to the world” immanent in cinema, can take place one’s own “opening to the world”, relative to the ontological plan, in the sphere of reception – as such reception is so close to the subject of self formation, in educational practices?

Devido às dimensões cada vez mais reduzidas dos transistores e a utilização de novos materiais com baixa condutividade térmica, o desempenho de transistores avançados é afetado pelo autoaquecimento. Dispositivos sob os efeitos de autoaquecimento sofrem um aumento da sua temperatura, fazendo com que a mobilidade seja reduzida, além de comprometer a confiabilidade e gerar atrasos de sinal, trazendo impactos na eficiência de circuitos analógicos, bem como afetando o desempenho de circuitos digitais. Apesar da relevância do fenômeno, muitos estudos não o levam em consideração devido à dificuldade de sua verificação, uma vez que os métodos utilizados para transistores avançados requerem estruturas ou equipamentos especiais, que são raramente disponíveis. Dessa forma, três novas técnicas são desenvolvidas neste trabalho com o objetivo de viabilizar o estudo do efeito utilizando estruturas convencionais e medidas em corrente contínua: (i) a condutância de saída média; (ii) o método da assinatura na eficiência do transistor; (iii) a estimativa da resistência térmica utilizando somente medidas em corrente contínua. Os dois primeiros métodos são focados em uma análise qualitativa do autoaquecimento, permitindo uma verificação preliminar eficiente da presença e relevância do efeito, enquanto o terceiro método permite a extração da resistência térmica a partir do inverso da eficiência do transistor utilizando um processo iterativo, consequentemente possibilitando a obtenção do aumento da temperatura do canal devido ao autoaquecimento, com boa precisão e maior simplicidade em relação aos métodos disponíveis na literatura (com erro máximo menor que 6% para transistores de múltiplas portas em relação ao método de medidas pulsadas). Com essas técnicas, são feitas comparações da elevação de temperatura do canal entre transistores de múltiplas portas (também chamados de FinFET ou transistores 3D) e transistores de silício sobre isolante com camada de silício e óxido enterrado extremamente finos (SOI UTBB), usando simulações tridimensionais para obter condições similares de potência. Em dispositivos com menores comprimentos de canal, os FinFETs apresentaram temperaturas cerca de 60 K acima dos UTBBs. / Due to the reduction of devices\' dimensions and the use of new materials with low thermal conductivity, self-heating affects the performances of advanced transistors. Devices under self-heating effects suffer an increase of their temperature, causing mobility reduction, besides compromising reliability and generating signal delays, bringing impacts to the efficiency of analog circuits, and affecting the performance of digital circuits. Despite the relevance of the phenomenon, many studies do not consider it, given the difficulty to assess it, since the methods used for advanced transistors require special structures or equipment, which are rarely available. Hence, three new techniques are developed in this work, with the objective of permitting the study of the effect utilizing conventional structures and direct current measurements: (i) the mean output conductance method; (ii) the signature in the transistor efficiency method; (iii) the thermal resistance estimative using only direct current measurements. The first two methods are focused on a qualitative analysis of the self-heating, allowing an efficient preliminary verification of the presence and relevance of the effect, while the last allows the extraction of the thermal resistance from the inverse of the transistor efficiency through an iterative process, consequently making it possible to obtain the temperature rise in the channel due to the self-heating with a good precision and greater simplicity when compared to other methods available in the literature (with maximum error smaller than 6% for multiple gate transistors when compared to the pulsed method). With these techniques, comparisons between multiple gate transistors (also known as FinFET or 3D transistors) and silicon-on-oxide with ultra-thin body and buried oxide (SOI UTBB) are performed, utilizing three-dimensional simulations to obtain similar power conditions. In devices with smaller channel length, FinFETs presented temperatures approximately 60 K above the UTBBs.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

<p>In the European research projects SIAM and 100GET, building blocks for 100Gbit Ethernet optical link have been implemented. Data are sent from a computer, modulated, converted to analog, mixed onto the RF-band, sent through an optical link, down-mixed, converted back to digital, demodulated and sent to a receiving computer. Signal Processing Devices Sweden AB is contributing to this project by their implementation PANDA. This thesis has been to study, as a proof of concept, and implement a prototype of PANDA as the component converting from digital to analog signal, the DAC, in 65nm SOI CMOS technology.</p><p>The idea of the system is to use the concept of time interleaving, where two or more components interact by performing the same operations on a different set of data, ideally scaling the performance linearly with the amount of components used.</p><p>This report presents design, implementation and verification at simulation level. It includes interfacing with off-chip components in low voltage specifications, clock generation, filtering and current-steered switches.</p>

The boom of mobile communications leads to an increasing request of low cost and low power mixed mode integrated circuits. Maturity of SOI technology, and recent progresses of MOSFET's microwave performances, explain the success of silicon as compared to III-V technologies for low-cost multigigahertz analog applications. The design of efficient circuits requires accurate, wide-band models for both active and passive elements. Within this frame, passive components fabricated in SOI technologies have been studied, and a physical model of integrated square spiral inductors has been developed. Also, the performances of integrated MOSFETs have been analyzed. New alternative structures of transistor (the Graded Channel MOSFET and the Dynamic Threshold MOSFET) have been proposed and studied from Low to High frequencies. These transistors show very interesting properties for analog, low power, low voltage, and microwave applications. Furthermore, as their fabrication processes are fully CMOS compatible, they allow us to increase the performances of a CMOS technology without any modification of its process, and without extra-cost.

Le chômage est une situation stigmatisante dont découlent bon nombre de difficultés rencontrées par les chômeurs. Tel sera le propos défendu dans cette thèse qui montrera en quoi la stigmatisation vécue par les chômeurs constitue un obstacle dans leur processus d'insertion sociale et professionnelle et peut être responsable de leur faible estime de soi. Dans un premier temps et sur base des travaux réalisés sur l'activation/menace du stéréotype (Steele et Aronson, 1995 ; Petty et Wheeler, 2001), la mauvaise réputation des chômeurs sera épinglée comme étant à l'origine de leurs faibles performances intellectuelles et de leurs intentions limitées d'entreprendre des recherches d'emploi et des activités culturelles. Dans un second temps, nous nous pencherons sur les difficultés à mettre en évidence un déficit d'estime de soi auprès des membres de groupes stigmatisés (Crocker et Major, 1989). La raison de ces difficultés réside dans la flexibilité dont font preuve les individus stigmatisés pour garder une estime de soi positive. Deux types de stratégies de protection de soi seront envisagés. La première consiste en la capacité des membres de groupes stigmatisés d'aménager leur réalité. Nous montrerons au travers de deux études que face à des situations de menace, les chômeurs minimisent leur perception de discrimination afin de protéger leur estime de soi. La seconde renvoie aux cognitions qui se révèlent être protectrices pour les membres de groupes stigmatisés. Partant du modèle « rejet-identification » développé par Branscombe, Schmitt et Harvey (1999), nous démontrerons l'importance de distinguer l'aspect personnel et groupal de la perception de discrimination au travers de populations différentes. Tout d'abord, deux études réalisées auprès de groupes communément étudiés dans le champ de la stigmatisation (le groupe des noirs et des femmes) témoigneront des effets différenciés de ces deux aspects sur l'estime de soi et montreront que la discrimination groupale ainsi que l'identification se révèlent être des pensées protectrices. Cette réflexion sera ensuite prolongée par l'étude des personnes sans emploi, ce qui nuancera quelque peu ces premières conclusions. En effet, bien que la perception de discrimination groupale soit bénéfique pour l'estime de soi des chômeurs, tel n'est pas le cas pour l'identification qui constitue pour ce groupe un véritable fardeau. L'ensemble de ces résultats sera discuté à la lumière de la littérature sur la stigmatisation et de la théorie de l'identité sociale. / Unemployment is a stigmatised situation, which takes into account of a large amount of problems encountered by jobless persons. The aim of this thesis was to defend this hypothesis and to underline the role of stigmatisation on difficulties encountered by unemployed people in their process of professional and social integration and on their weaker level of self-esteem. First, based on the theory of stereotype activation/threat (Steele et Aronson, 1995 ; Petty et Wheeler, 2001), we put forward towards two studies that the negative picture of unemployed people damages intellectual performance of jobless person and was the root of their lower intentions to entertain job research behaviours or cultural activities. After that, we will enter on the debate concerning the absence among stigmatised group members of systematic deficit on self-esteem (Crocker et Major, 1989). The hypothesis advanced to account of this absence put that stigmatised people show psychological resilience and hardiness in order to maintain a positive self worth. Two types of strategies were evolved. The first one consists of capacities from members of stigmatised group to transform their reality. In two studies, we defend the idea that when unemployed people are confronted to threatened situations, they tend to minimise discrimination in order to protect their self-esteem. The second one will present some cognition that would be protective for members of stigmatised group. Based on the “Rejection – Identification” model developed by Branscombe, Schmitt and Harvey (1999), we demonstrate the importance to distinguish between personal and group dimensions of discrimination across different populations. In a first time, two studies realised on group usually used to approach the effect of stigmatisation namely, women and black group, show the differentials effects of personal and group discrimination on self-esteem. Those studies underline that group discrimination as well as group identification were self-protective thinking. In a second time, two studies on unemployed people prolonged this reflection and give evidence that group identification was not all the time a self-protective strategies and was detrimental for some stigmatised group. Beside these first results, those studies support the protective aspect of group discrimination. All the studies would be discussed in light of stigmatised literature (Swim et Stangor, 1998; Schmitt et Branscombe, 2002) and social identity theory (Tajfel et Turner, 1979).

The motivation to study this non-classical CMOS device is necessary to face with the ITRS constraints. In the ITRS roadmap, the gate length of devices are being scaled down rapidly but this rapid scaling is not in pace with the relatively slow scaling of the gate equivalent oxide thickness which leads to a degradation in the performance of the transistor. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of non-classical devices, such as the Gate-All-Around (GAA) MOSFET. Owing to the flexibility of SOI technology, these novel devices can be adapted to this technology bringing along with it the benefit of SOI technology. One of the main advantage of building this GAA device on SOI technology is that it offers the possibility whereby the second gate is easily built into the back of the device. GAA devices are also interesting because they do not need to scale down the thickness of the gate oxide rapidly but still able to maintain a suitable thickness to avoid problems such as current leakage through the thin gate oxide by tunnelling. The objective of this research can be divided into three parts; the first is to study the feasibility of the various fabrication process for this GAA device, the second to analyse the electrical characteristics of these fabricated GAA devices from DC characteristics up to 110 GHz and the third one is the use of commercial numerical simulation softwares (IE3D, Silvaco) in order to describe the physics of these novel devices. In this study, these different structures shows advantages and disadvantages when used in either analog or RF applications. The graded-channel structure has shown that it is advantageous when used in high performance analog circuits. The advantages of this structure is further enhanced when it is combined with the double-gate structure, forming a double-gate graded channel SOI MOSFET. Optimizing in terms of doping level along the channel of the graded-channel is important to yield good electrical results. In order for these devices to be successful commercially, it is important that they are compatible with the fabrication technology and trends available today and in the near future. To confirm that these devices can be adapted into today's and tomorrow's technology, we have shown that these they are easily adaptable in the current technology. Multiple-gate devices are a new group of devices which have been identified by ITRS as potential devices to meet the demands in the future. In this study, we have shown that these multiple-gate devices do indeed show improved short-channel effects and improved analog and RF characteristics when compared to the single-gate devices in existence. One of the main contributors to these improvements is due to what is known as the “volume inversion”.