Abstract The subject for this thesis is the Swedish gaming monopoly. This thesis describes the Swedish legislation that regulates the market for gaming in Sweden. The European legislation is also explained in the thesis; both the rules in the EC treaty and the rulings made by the EC court of justice (ECJ). The purpose with this is to see if the Swedish legislation can be upheld considering the rules set up by EC law. The second part of the thesis is focused on the actuality of the problem and the future possibilities for the regulation. In this part it is presented, among other things, a law proposal that regulates the gaming market from the point of view that corresponds with my analysis of the thesis overall. Gaming monopolies falls under the rules of services in article 49 in the EC treaty. To the rules in article 49 come the possibilities to exceptions in article 46. The ECJ has also extended these exceptions to other circumstances then the ones that are determined by the EC treaty. It is under these extended exceptions that the Swedish gaming monopoly should be evaluated. The ECJ has to this day not rejected any national gaming monopoly resembling the Swedish monopoly, but the ECJ has clarified more and more the prerequisites from which a gaming monopoly could be regulated. One of the purposes, if not the purpose, with the Swedish regulation has under a long time been to collect money for the government. This is very interesting due to the fact that the ECJ has expressed that economic motives cannot be the real justification for the restrictive policy adopted. It can only be accepted if it is an incidental beneficial consequence. The Swedish gaming monopoly can be criticized for this, and from other points of view.   The conclusion in this thesis is that the Swedish gaming monopoly, as it is designed today, should not be acceptable considering the EC law. A change is therefore necessary, making the Swedish regulation more conformed to EC law. The proposal presented in this thesis is to open the market for other operators, making it a market exposed for competition. The legislation should, of course, still be there regulating the operators that get the necessary permit. Though getting the permits should, in contrast to today, undergo a general test. A new law is also suggested. This law focuses on merchandising of gaming products.

Rapporten är en sammanställning av de vanligaste grundläggningsmetoderna samt pålning och hur de kan användas vid grundläggning på lera i Sverige. Examensarbetet är utfört som en del i ett forskningsprojekt . Handledare har varit Yvonne Andersson Sköld på SGI samt Kaj Granath på Tekniska Högskolan i Jönköping. Fallstudieområdet är i Lödöse som ligger i Lilla Edets kommun. Samhället har idag 1 300 invånare och är beläget 10 km söder om Lilla Edet samt 30 km norr om Göteborg, längs med Göta Älv. Vid den nya sträckningen av Norge- Vänerbanan samt utbyggnaden av E45 kommer det att bli en knutpunkt ca 1 km söder om Lödöse samhälle. Kommunen planerar att placera ca 500 nya bostäder mellan samhället och den nya pendeltågsstationen. Intervjuer har gjorts av tre tjänstemän på Lilla Edets kommuns avdelningar Samhällsplanering, Plan- och Bygg samt Miljö. En litteraturstudie är genomförd där tillgänglig forskning har studerats. Området ligger på lera och Banverket har i sina utredningar konstaterat att det även finns kvicklera på området. Kvicklera har konstaterats vid medparten av de undersökta skreden i Göta Älvdalen. Vid byggnation på lera krävs omfattande geotekniska undersökningar för att fastställa markens sammansättning. Framtidens klimatförändringar ställer ökade krav på nya byggnader. De byggs i dagens klimat men ska klara av morgondagens. Den forskning och de rapporter inom området, grundläggning på lera, som jag har tagit del av förordar platta på mark. De förordar även pålning vid högre och tyngre byggnader än ett enfamiljshus. Dock så krävs det mer forskning inom området då kopplingen mellan grundläggning och markförhållandena är otillräckligt undersökt. / This thesis is a summary of the most common footings and pole-work found in Sweden and how they apply in buildings on clay. The thesis is a part of a research project. Supervisors have been Yvonne Andersson Sköld at SGI and Kaj Granath at the School of Engineering, Jönköping University. Place of study is located at Lödöse in the municipality of Lilla Edet. Lödöse has 1 300 citizens and is placed 10 km south of Lilla Edet and 30 km north of Göteborg, along Göta Älv. The intersection of the new two-track railway from Göteborg to Trollhättan and the enhanced highway E 45 is 1 km south of Lödöse. The municipality is planning to build approximately 500 new buildings in the area next to the new station. I have interviewed three civil servants at the municipality of Lilla Edet for the Department of Urban Planning, Civil Planning and Building and the Department of Environment. I have also made a study of literature where I have read relevant research. The site of study has a ground consisting of clay. The National Rail Administration has through research at the area found that the ground also contains quick clay. The threat of landslides due to the quick clay is considerable. Quick clay has been found in the ground after examined landslides in the region of Göta Älv. In the process of building new houses an extended research of the ground is necessary to establish the components and the composition of the ground. Due to the climate changes of the future we need to change the way we build our houses so they manage to stay intact for more extreme weather.

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During Sweden's economic crisis in the early 1990s a governmental committe of prominent economic and political experts were gathered to produce an analysis of and suggestions to the solution of that crisis. The committe produced a report that became widely commented in the media and in parliment. The report anc the reception of it gives us insights in how the boundaries between social science and politics are created an how new fields of expertise is added to a science. This thesis uses a constructivist approach to explore how the techniques of the economic science were made into credible means of knowöedge production outside of the field where it traditionally holds epistemological authority. Working from the assumption that language does things to the objects that it describes I claim that the episode investigated in this thesis was shaped by the committee's ability to define the economic crissi and thus making it into a knowable object. The cultural space of the episode was shaped by the actor's moves to enrol the committiee's report rather than examining it, making the credibility contest stacked in favour of the committee's concept of the social order.

<p>Rapporten är en sammanställning av de vanligaste grundläggningsmetoderna samt pålning och hur de kan användas vid grundläggning på lera i Sverige.</p><p>Examensarbetet är utfört som en del i ett forskningsprojekt . Handledare har varit Yvonne Andersson Sköld på SGI samt Kaj Granath på Tekniska Högskolan i Jönköping.</p><p>Fallstudieområdet är i Lödöse som ligger i Lilla Edets kommun. Samhället har idag 1 300 invånare och är beläget 10 km söder om Lilla Edet samt 30 km norr om Göteborg, längs med Göta Älv. Vid den nya sträckningen av Norge- Vänerbanan samt utbyggnaden av E45 kommer det att bli en knutpunkt ca 1 km söder om Lödöse samhälle. Kommunen planerar att placera ca 500 nya bostäder mellan samhället och den nya pendeltågsstationen.</p><p>Intervjuer har gjorts av tre tjänstemän på Lilla Edets kommuns avdelningar Samhällsplanering, Plan- och Bygg samt Miljö. En litteraturstudie är genomförd där tillgänglig forskning har studerats.</p><p>Området ligger på lera och Banverket har i sina utredningar konstaterat att det även finns kvicklera på området. Kvicklera har konstaterats vid medparten av de undersökta skreden i Göta Älvdalen. Vid byggnation på lera krävs omfattande geotekniska undersökningar för att fastställa markens sammansättning. Framtidens klimatförändringar ställer ökade krav på nya byggnader. De byggs i dagens klimat men ska klara av morgondagens.</p><p>Den forskning och de rapporter inom området, grundläggning på lera, som jag har tagit del av förordar platta på mark. De förordar även pålning vid högre och tyngre byggnader än ett enfamiljshus. Dock så krävs det mer forskning inom området då kopplingen mellan grundläggning och markförhållandena är otillräckligt undersökt.</p> / <p>This thesis is a summary of the most common footings and pole-work found in Sweden and how they apply in buildings on clay.</p><p>The thesis is a part of a research project. Supervisors have been Yvonne Andersson Sköld at SGI and Kaj Granath at the School of Engineering, Jönköping University.</p><p>Place of study is located at Lödöse in the municipality of Lilla Edet. Lödöse has 1 300 citizens and is placed 10 km south of Lilla Edet and 30 km north of Göteborg, along Göta Älv. The intersection of the new two-track railway from Göteborg to Trollhättan and the enhanced highway E 45 is 1 km south of Lödöse. The municipality is planning to build approximately 500 new buildings in the area next to the new station.</p><p>I have interviewed three civil servants at the municipality of Lilla Edet for the Department of Urban Planning, Civil Planning and Building and the Department of Environment. I have also made a study of literature where I have read relevant research.</p><p>The site of study has a ground consisting of clay. The National Rail Administration has through research at the area found that the ground also contains quick clay. The threat of landslides due to the quick clay is considerable. Quick clay has been found in the ground after examined landslides in the region of Göta Älv. In the process of building new houses an extended research of the ground is necessary to establish the components and the composition of the ground. Due to the climate changes of the future we need to change the way we build our houses so they manage to stay intact for more extreme weather.</p>

South Korean adolescents’ motivation for high academic achievement is strongly influenced by extraordinary parental support, pressures to achieve, and the practice of utilizing both public and private learning environments in South Korea. To remain competitive, educational leaders may benefit from observations of other countries’ academic successes and consider the implications for the current American educational structure. The purpose of this study is to explore South Korean male adolescents’ daily educational routines and their perceptions of their internal and external educational support systems in relation to their academic achievement. Furthermore, this study provides insightful data for educators, educational leaders, and global education critics about South Korean adolescents’ academic motivations and determinations. Such insights may be important to decision makers in evaluating education models. The review of literature for this study examines South Korea’s economic progression, educational structure, and familial and cultural standards. In this qualitative research, I observed and documented the educational perspectives of students, parents, and teachers at an all-male high school in Seoul, South Korea and collected data from the participants through interviews, observations, and reviews of academic-related documents. I used these data to better understand the relationship between adolescents’ family influences and adolescents’ academic achievements. I also used these data to achieve a reality-based understanding of how adolescents’ internal and external influences and motivations affect academic achievement. Although I could not formulate generalizations from this qualitative research, this study does provide insights into the relationships between South Koreans’ family standards, influences, and attitudes, and South Korean adolescents’ personal investments and value systems in education. / Department of Educational Leadership

Migrationsverket har kritiserats hårt för att inte ha tillräcklig kunskap i homo-, bi- och transsexualitetsfrågor, eftersom människor nekats uppehållstillstånd trots att de uppfyllt kriterierna. Samkönade par har inte behandlats som par i ansökningsprocessen. Människor med "fel" sexualitet har fram till 2005 inte beviljats asyl med sin sexuella läggning som skäl, eftersom det inte klassats som tillräcklig förföljelsegrund för flyktingstatus. Praktiker som dessa har kritiserats för att utgå från en heteronormativ diskurs som är diskriminerande. Queerfeministisk teori kritiserar samhälleliga normer som påverkar hur människor behandlas. Med hjälp av en queerfeministisk teori urskiljs och analyseras heteronormativa diskurser i svensk migrationspolicy. Policyn får här representeras av fem statliga utredningar vilka behandlar flyktingskap och anhöriginvandring. Vad som framträtt genom analysen är att det finns tendenser till både heteronormativa och patriarkala strukturer inom migrationspolicyn. Idag finns emellertid en större förståelse för könsrollsfrågor och det finns en vilja och strävan efter att använda ett köns- och sexualitetsneutralt språk. Begreppet partnerskap förekommer allt mer frekvent vilket tolkas som att partnerskapet som institution införlivats i den allmänna samhällsnormen om tvåsamhet. Däremot är det endast den homosexuella mannen som synliggörs. Kvinnors sexualitet i allmänhet och homosexuella kvinnors sexualitet i synnerhet, osynliggörs i diskurserna. / The Swedish migration authority has been criticized for not having enough knowledge on issues concerning gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender and intersex people since visas has been declined even if the person fulfil the conditions. Couples of the same sex have not been processed as a couple. People with the "wrong" sexual orientation have had their asylums applications declined if sexual identity was the reason for persecution until 2005, when sexuality was accepted as reason for refugee status. These types of actions have been criticized for discrimination caused by heteronormative discourses. Queer feministic theory is sceptical to societal norms and their influence on how people are being treated. Heteronormative discourses in Swedish migration policy will be visible and analysed with the queer feministic theory. The policy will be represented by five public investigations dealing with refugees and family reunification. The results from the analysis show tendencies to both heteronormative and patriarchal structures in the migration policy. Today the consciousness of gender issues is present which results in a will to use gender and sexuality neutral language. The term registered partners is more frequently used which can be seen as the institution of partnership has been included in the norm. The gay man is only part who has been accepted. The female sexuality has in general been ignored in the discourses and even more the sexuality of the homosexual woman.

Ces travaux de recherche décrivent la synthèse d’architectures hélicoïdales et twistées à partir de briques moléculaires hétérocycliques. D’abord, la première partie est consacrée aux structures hélicéniques à savoir les carbohélicènes, oxahélicènes et fluorénones hélicoïdales.La deuxième partie du travail est dédiée à la préparation des architectures moléculaires twistées. Pour cela, nous avons mis au point une méthodologie simple et courte qui mène à des édifices hétérocycliques étendus à base du motif acridino-acridines et phénanthrolines à partir de la condensation entre des β-chlorovinylaldéhydes d’anilines diversement substituées. / The intertest of our research is the synthesis of helical and twisted architectures from heterocyclic molecular bricks. The first part is devoted to helicenic structures named carbohelicenes, oxahelicenes and helical fluorenones.The second part of the work describes the preparation of twisted molecular architectures. For this, we have developed a short and simple methodology that leads to twisted molecular architectures included acridines, acridino-acridines and phenanthrolines. This synthesis is accessible from the condensation between β-chlorovinylaldehydes and variously substituted anilines.

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