Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to evaluate the effects of concentrated supplementation on weaned calves in Tifton 85 bermudagrass pasture regarding the forage production and the development and animal behavior. Forty-four Braford castrated calves, with initial average age of 4.5 months and initial average body weight (BW) of 128.3+26.7 kg were used. The experimental period lasted 140 days, divided into five periods of 28 days, and the treatments consisted in four levels of supplementation: 0,29; 0,5; 1.0 and 1.5% of BW based on dry matter (DM). The grazing method used was the continuous stocking system with a variable number of regulator calves. The bromatological quality of the pasture suffered variation along the periods. The forage and the leaves blades mass did not differ among the treatments, presenting an average of 6316.16 and 934.88 kg DM ha-1 as well as the canopy height and the forage density 25.47cm and 252.20 kg cm-1respectively. The increase in the level of supplementation decreased linearly the offer of forage and the offer of leaves blades. Independently of the analyzed period it was observed a greater participation of leaves in the layer of 10-20cm. The participation of total leaves did not suffered influence of the supplementation levels, however, it increased linearly in the layer of 20-30cm. The final weights of the treatments 1.0 and 1.5% of BW, 248.27 and 254.27 kg were superior to the treatments 0.29 and 0.5% of BW, 203.86 and 210.82 kg respectively. It was observed a high capacity of support of Tifton 85 with variation from 2336.48 to 3127.97 kg BW ha-1 when it was used 0.29% of BW, until values varying from 2747.51 to 7365.75 kg BW ha-1, when it was used 1.5% of BW. The chest perimeter, hip height, longissimus dorsi area and subcutaneous fat thickness suffered influence, responding linearly and positively to the increase of the level of supplementation. The average grazing time of the calves corresponded to 9h53min; 9h03min; 7h20min and 5h48min and the average time for other activities corresponded to 7h39min; 7h53min; 8h42min and 11h02min, respectively for the treatments 0.29; 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5% of BW. The number of bites per station presented an interaction between treatment and period as well as the bites rate. The Tifton 85 associated with supplementation presents a high capacity of stoking rate with high weight gain per hectare. Higher levels of supplementation allow a better structural development of the calves, being this followed by a higher daily average weight gain, longissimus dorsi area and subcutaneous fat thickness, with greater expressiveness when the supplementation level is increased from 0.5 to 1.0% of BW. The reduction in rumination and grazing time promotes the increase in the time of other activities, however, the decrease in grazing time does not determine a lower rumination time. The processes of displacement of the animals and apprehension of forage are changed by the supplementation and by the variation of the pasture cycle of Tifton 85. / Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da suplementação concentrada para bezerros desmamados em pastagem de capim bermuda Tifton 85 sobre a produção forrageira e o desenvolvimento e comportamento animal. Foram utilizados 44 bezerros Braford castrados, com idade média inicial de 4,5 meses e peso corporal (PC) médio inicial de 128,3 + 26,7 kg. O período experimental durou 140 dias, divididos em cinco períodos de 28 dias, e os tratamentos consistiram em quatro níveis de suplementação: 0,29; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5% do PC com base em matéria seca (MS). O método de pastejo adotado foi o sistema de lotação contínuo com número variável de bezerros reguladores. A qualidade bromatológica da pastagem sofreu alteração ao longo dos períodos. A massa de forragem e a massa de lâminas foliares não diferiram entre os tratamentos, apresentando média de 6316,16 e 934,88 kg MS ha-1, assim como a altura do dossel e a densidade da forragem, 25,47cm e 252,20 kg cm-1, respectivamente. O aumento do nível de suplementação diminuiu linearmente a oferta de forragem e oferta de lâminas foliares. Independente do período analisado foi observada maior participação de folhas no estrato de 10-20cm. A participação de folhas total não sofreu influência dos níveis de suplementação, porém, aumentou linearmente no estrato de 20-30cm. Os pesos finais dos tratamentos 1,0 e 1,5% do PC, 248,27 e 254,27 kg, foram superiores aos tratamentos 0,29 e 0,5% do PC, 203,86 e 210,82 kg, respectivamente. Foi observada capacidade de alta taxa de lotação do Tifton 85, com variação de 2336,48 a 3127,97 kg PC ha-1, quando utilizou-se 0,29% do PC, até valores variando de 2747,51 a 7365,75 kg PC ha-1, quando utilizou-se 1,5% do PC. O perímetro de tórax, altura de garupa, área de longissimus dorsi e espessura de gordura subcutânea sofreram influência, respondendo linear e positivamente ao aumento do nível de suplementação. O tempo médio de pastejo dos bezerros correspondeu à 9h53min; 9h03min; 7h20min e 5h48min, e o tempo médio de outras atividades à 7h39min; 7h53min; 8h42min e 11h02min, respectivamente para os tratamentos 0,29; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5% do PC. O número de bocados por estação apresentou interação entre tratamente e período assim como a taxa de bocados. O Tifton 85 associado à suplementação apresenta alta taxa de lotação com elevados ganhos de peso por hectare. Níveis de suplementação mais elevados possibilitam um melhor desenvolvimento estrutural dos bezerros, sendo este, acompanhado por um maior ganho médio diário de peso, área de longissimus dorsi e espessura de gordura subcutânea, com maior expressividade quando aumenta-se o nível de suplementação de 0,5 para 1,0% do PC. A redução no tempo de ruminação e pastejo promove aumento no tempo de outras atividades, porém, a diminuição no tempo de pastejo não condiciona a menor tempo de ruminação. Os processos de deslocamento dos animais e apreensão da forragem são alterados pela suplementação e pela variação do ciclo da pastagem de Tifton 85.

Le développement de variétés performantes de blé dur (Triticum turgidum durum) doit prendre en compte la corrélation négative entre rendement et teneur en protéines (GPC). Une meilleure compréhension de ce phénomène nécessite une connaissance de l'élaboration des composantes de ces variables. Au cours de cette thèse nous nous sommes focalisés sur l'étude du déterminisme de paramètres foliaires pendant le remplissage du grain (morphologie, résorption d'azote/senescence) ainsi que leurs relations avec les caractéristiques post-récolte (rendement, GPC). La population d'étude est constituée de 282 lignées recombinantes issues d'un croisement demi-diallèle entre quatre lignées élites. Les données proviennent d'expérimentations menées en milieu contrôlé (3 expérimentations) et en plein champ (2 essais).En milieu contrôlé, plusieurs variables (teneur en azote, masse surfacique) ont été prédites par spectrométrie infrarouge à raison de mesures régulières au cours de la période d'intérêt. La résorption d'azote de la dernière feuille a été modélisée pour chaque génotype dont les paramètres ont été analysés. Un lien négatif fort a été établi entre la date d'initiation de la résorption (t0) en temps thermique post-floraison et sa durée et un lien positif entre cette date clé et le poids individuel des grains. A l'échelle de la parcelle, le suivi dynamique de la senescence par la mesure d'évolution d'un indice de végétation, le NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) a montré une relation forte entre vitesse d'évolution de la senescence et son ordonnée à l'origine, suggérant que la fin de la senescence était un phénomène très contraint dans les conditions environnementales de plein champ.En absence de stress azoté, l'analyse des 4 géniteurs a montré que des combinaisons linéaires de paramètres foliaires permettaient d'expliquer environ 2/3 des variations de la production en grains d'un épi et de la GPC. En considérant l'ensemble de la population, les effets antagonistes d'une résorption tardive sur la production de grains et la teneur en protéines ont été établis. Une carence en azote appliquée post-floraison provoque une résorption précoce et longue, ce qui semble d'avantage affecter la GPC que le rendement. Une carence en azote appliqué pré-floraison réduit la quantité d'azote disponible dans les feuilles drapeau (et par conséquent leur potentiel photosynthétique) ainsi que le nombre de grains alors que les apports tardifs en azote réalisés dans ce traitement vont retarder la résorption donc augmenter le poids individuel des grains et la GPC. L'analyse génétique en modèle mixte a permis de prendre en compte un apparentement entre lignées, calculé grâce aux pedigrees ou aux marqueurs. Ces deux estimateurs de l'apparentement sont très fortement corrélés ; l'ordonnée à l'origine de la relation (0.3) pouvant être interprétée comme une mesure de l'identité par état de la population de base à partir de laquelle les géniteurs sont issus. Par conséquent, les variances additives issues d'un apparentement marqueurs sont systématiquement supérieures à celles d'un apparentement pedigree. Les valeurs d'héritabilité des variables étudiées caractérisant la morphologie de la feuille drapeau à floraison et des paramètres de résorption d'azote sont du même ordre de grandeur que celles du rendement d'un épi et de la teneur en protéines des grains.En conclusion, nous discutons des stratégies de sélection autour de la corrélation négative rendement/GPC en lien avec la résorption d'azote et la senescence, de l'intérêt de l'utilisation du modèle dit « animal » pour les analyses génétiques et la recherche de QTL. / Performing cultivar development of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum durum) have to take in consideration the negative correlation existing between yield and grain protein content (GPC). A best comprehension of this phenomenon needs the knowledge of these variables elaboration. During this thesis, we focused on the study of foliar parameters determinism during the grain filling (morphology, nitrogen resorption/senescence) and their relations with post-harvest parameters (yield, GPC). The population was formed of 282 recombinant lines coming from a half-diallel cross between 4 elite lines. Data are from experimentations on controlled environment (3 experimentations) and on field (2 experimentations).In controlled environment, various variables (nitrogen content, mass area) were predicted using near-infrared spectroscopy and performing regular measures during the period of interest. Nitrogen resorptions of the last leaf were modeled for each genotype and parameters were analyzed. A strong negative correlation was established between the resorption initiation date (t0) in thermal time post-flowering and its duration and a positive correlation was established between t0 and the grain individual weight. At the plot scale, the dynamic monitoring of senescence through measures of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) evolution showed a strong relation between the senescence evolution rate and its intercept, suggesting the senescence end was a very constraint phenomenon in field.Without nitrogen stress, the analysis of the 4 genitors indicated that linear combinations of foliar parameters could explain around 2/3 of one-spike grain production and GPC variations. Considering the entire population, the antagonist effects of a late resorption on grain production and on the GPC were established. A post-flowering nitrogen stress causes an early and long resorption which seems to affect more GPC than yield. A pre-flowering nitrogen stress reduces nitrogen quantity available in flag leaves (and consequently their photosynthetic potential) and the grain number whereas late nitrogen inputs of this environment delay resorption and raise grain individual weight and GPC.The genetic analysis in mixed model allowed taking into account relatedness among lines, calculated with pedigrees or markers. Those 2 relatedness estimators are strongly correlated; the regression intercept (0.3) can be interpreted as an identity-by-state measure of the base population from which genitors are derived. Consequently, additive variances from a marker-relatedness model are always superior to additive variances form a pedigree-relatedness model. Heritability values of the study variables (flag leaf morphology and nitrogen resorption parameters) have the same order of magnitude than those of one-spike yield and GPC.Field experimentations allowed highlighting the flag leaf weight as a contributor organ to yield and GPC. Nitrogen balance showed a link between post-flowering nitrogen fluxes and nitrogen available at flowering. Genotype-phenotype association's research was realized through a simple-marker analysis for all the experimentations and a Composite Interval Mapping analysis only for data obtained in greenhouses. A stable QTL was detected on the 3 controlled environments for t0. QTL comparison on controlled environment QTL and field QTL highlighted various area containing QTL on certain chromosomes: an area of foliar nitrogen content at flowering QTL on the 1A, an area of GPC QTL, Thousand Kernel Weight (TKW) QTL and grain number QTL on the 2A, an area of foliar morphology QTL on the 2B, an area of TKW QTL on the 3B and an area of senescence variables QTL on the 7B.In conclusion, we discuss about breeding strategies around the negative correlation yield/GPC in relations with nitrogen resorption and senescence and about the interest to use the “animal” model for genetic analysis and QTL research.

We aimed to determine the short- and long-term effects on growth, body composition, metabolic and inflammatory markers following supplementation with the probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei F19 (LF19) during weaning. Methods: One-hundred and seventy-nine healthy, infants in Umeå city, Västerbotten County were randomised to daily intake of cereals with (n=89) or without (n=90) LF19 108 colony-forming units from 4 to 13 months of age. Weight, length, head circumference and body composition, assessed by skinfold thickness, were examined at 4, 5.5, 6.5, 9, 12 and 13 months of age. Venous blood was drawn at 5.5 and 13 months. In all, 171 infants completed the intervention and were invited to a follow-up at 8-9 years of age between 2009 and 2011, 120 children participated. Weight, height, sagittal abdominal diameter and body composition (using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry-scan) were measured. Data on weight and height at 4 years were collected from medical records. The families filled out a 4-day food record and a food frequency questionnaire, physical activity was assessed using a pedometer for 7 days. At 5.5, 13 months and 8-9 years of age we analysed the serum blood lipid profile. At 8-9 years fasting glucose, insulin, aspartate and alanine transaminases were analysed in serum. Homeostatic Model Assessment index was calculated. At follow-up serum adiponectin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and plasma C-peptide, ghrelin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon, insulin, leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, resistin and visfatin were analysed. For characterisation of the plasma metabolome, a subgroup (n=40) was analysed at 5.5 and 13 months of age by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) analysis and in all (n=112) children at the follow-up using untargeted GC-GC/MS. Results: There were no differences between the LF19 and placebo group regarding body weight, length/height at any assessment from 4 months to 8-9 years of age; nor were there any differences between the groups in body composition. In the LF19 group 19 % were overweight/obese, the corresponding number was 21 % in the placebo group (p=0.78). Analysed metabolic and inflammatory markers, both during the intervention and the follow-up did not differ between the two groups. At 13 months of age lower levels of palmitic acid and palmitoleic acid (both p<0.04) and higher levels of putrescine (p<0.01) were seen in the LF19 compared to the placebo group. These differences did not persist at 8-9 years of age. At that age, we found statistically stronger models when comparing overweight/obese and normal weight children as well as in relation to sex. Conclusion: Early intervention with the probiotic LF19 at the time of weaning exerted transient effects on the metabolome. In a long-term perspective, we found neither benefit nor harm on growth, body composition, metabolic or inflammatory markers following supplementation with LF19 during weaning.

The main goal of the thesis is to construct explicit, s-stage, strong-stability-preserving (SSP) Hermite–Birkhoff (HB) time discretization methods of order p with nonnegative coefficients for the integration of hyperbolic conservation laws. The Shu–Osher form and the canonical Shu–Osher form by means of the vector formulation for SSP Runge–Kutta (RK) methods are extended to SSP HB methods. The SSP coefficients of k-step, s-stage methods of order p, HB(k,s,p), as combinations of k-step methods of order (p − 3) with s-stage explicit RK methods of order 4, and k-step methods of order (p-4) with s-stage explicit RK methods of order 5, respectively, for s = 4, 5,..., 10 and p = 4, 5,..., 12, are constructed and compared with other methods. The good efficiency gains of the new, optimal, SSP HB methods over other SSP methods, such as Huang’s hybrid methods and RK methods, are numerically shown by means of their effective SSP coefficients and largest effective CFL numbers. The formulae of these new, optimal methods are presented in their Shu–Osher form.

<div>The eradication of yaws a neglected tropical disease caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue, which affects children living in very deprived hard to reach rural communities is constrained by the lack of rapid, accurate diagnosis. I sought to develop a molecular point-of-care test for the diagnosis of yaws. A Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay with primers targeting the conserved gene, tp0967, with visual detection by lateral flow test strip was developed and optimized. The limit of detection was evaluated while 63 samples from clinical cases of yaws and 5 samples with PCR-confirmed syphilis were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the assay compared to the current molecular testing protocol. Reagents were dried in tubes and tested up to 14 days. The developed LAMP assay was found to be optimal when run at 65oC in a water bath for 30 minutes. The limit of detection was 2.7*104 DNA copies/ml. The sensitivity of the LAMP assay using unextracted and DNA extracted samples were 0.67 and 1.00 respectively. None of the syphilis samples tested positive in any of the assays. We show the development of a fast and sensitive LAMP assay for yaws detected by lateral flow test strip. Using extracted DNA, the assay sensitivity is at par with gold standard detection. The assay can be adapted to minimal sample processing required for in-field detection without DNA extraction.</div><div><br></div>

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a viabilidade de Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 em fórmulas infantis fermentadas ou não, probióticas durante armazenamento a 4°C. Três matrizes lácteas e três não lácteas (a base de soja) foram utilizadas para a elaboração de produtos fermentados ou não fermentados usando Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019, resultando em doze diferentes fórmulas probióticas para lactentes. O perfil de acidificação foi determinado a 42°C até pH 4,7. Determinações físico-químicas (sólidos totais, proteína, gordura, cinzas, carboidratos, calorias, densidade e pH) foram realizadas e foram focadas as contagens de bactérias viáveis durante o armazenamento refrigerado. A caracterização química dos produtos lácteos e a não lácteos apresentou resultados diferentes, à exceção FSL2, todos estavam de acordo com Codex Alimentarius. O perfil de acidificação de Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 diferiu conforme a matriz. Durante o armazenamento dos produtos a 4°C, a contagem de bactérias viáveis de acordo com o preconizado, bem como a pós-acidificação, estando em conformidade com as recomendações da legislação brasileira. Processo (fermentação ou adição) e tipo de matriz (lácteos e não lácteos) influenciaram a pós-acidificação e a viabilidade de Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019. As fórmulas para lactentes podem ser considerados bons veículos de Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019. / This study proposed to study infant formulas as vehicles for Bifidobacterium animalis ssp.lactis HNOI9. Three dairy and three non-dairy matrices were employed for the preparation of fermented or unfermented products using Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis HN019 resulting in twelve different probiotic infant formulas. Acidification profile of the probiotic was determined at 42°C until pH 4.7. Physicochemical determination (total solids, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates and calories, density and pH) was conducted, and counts viable bacteria (in dairy and non dairy infant formulas fermented and unfermented) during cold storage was focused on. The chemical characterization of the dairy and non-dairy matrix showed different results, the exception FSL2, all were in accordance to the Codex Alimentarius. The acidification profile of B. animalis ssp. lactis HN019 differed according to the matrix. During storage of products at 4°C counts of viable bacteria were stable as well as post-acidification, and were in accordance with the recommendations of the Brazilian legislation. Process (fermentation or addition) and matrix type (dairy and non-dairy) influenced post-acidification and viability of B. animalis ssp. lactis BN019 . Infant formulas could be considered good vehicles for Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis HN019.

Resumo: O presente ensaio de pesquisa objetivou avaliar o preparado de anticorpos policlonais contra as bactérias ruminais precursoras de distúrbios nutricionais (Streptococccus bovis, Lactobacillus ssp. e Fusobacterium necrophorum) na forma sólida, como aditivo alimentar preventivo à acidose ruminal em bovinos e substituto à monensina. Nove vacas canuladas no rúmen com 677±98 kg de peso vivo médio foram agrupadas em baias individuais através de delineamento inteiramente casualizado com dois períodos de 20 dias. Separaram-se os animais em três tratamentos: controle (CTL), preparado de anticorpos policlonais (PAP) e monensina sódica (MON). Nos primeiros cinco dias de cada período, os animais receberam apenas cana e úreia como alimento. Em seguida, foi fornecida a dieta desafio com aproximadamente 74% de concentrado por 15 dias, com o intuito de causar acidose ruminal. Houve um tempo de 15 dias entre cada período para a readaptação dos animais à dieta de volumoso. As variáveis experimentais foram: ingestão de matéria seca (em kg, IMKG; % do peso vivo, IMPV; e metabólico, IMPM, respectivamente), flutuação da ingestão de matéria seca (FIMS) dos dias subseqüentes ao desafio com a dieta de concentrado e os parâmetros de fermentação ruminal (pH do líquido ruminal, lactato ruminal, concentração de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, nitrogênio amoniacal e lactato ruminal). Não houve efeito de tratamento (P > 0.05) tanto para a ingestão de matéria seca quanto para a flutuação da ingestão de matéria seca. Os animais tratados com monensina apresentaram pH mais alto (P < 0.0001) que os demais tratamentos (MON = 6.06 vs. PAP = 5.89 e CTL = 5.91), independente de tempo. A concentração ruminal de lactato permaneceu baixa (0.23 mM), mesmo após o desafio com concentrado. A concentração de N-amoniacal do CTL foi menor (P = 0.0039), comparado à MON e PAP... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the potential of the dry form of a multivalent polyclonal antibody preparation against several nutritional disturbs precursors ruminal bacteria (Streptococccus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum and Lactobacillus ssp.), as acidosis preventative feed additive to high concentrate fed cattle and as an alternative to monensin. It was used nine cannulated cows (677±98 kg of BW) allocated in a completely randomized desing with two periods of 20 d. Animals were separated in three treatments: control (CTL), multivalent polyclonal antibody preparation (PAP) and monensin sodium (MON). During the first five days of each period, animals were fed all forage diet. Ruminal acidosis was induced by an abrupt diet switch to a 74% concentrate diet during 15 d. An interval of 15 d was considered as ruminal washout in the meantime of the two periods, when animals were refed all forage diet to restablish normal ruminal pH conditions and cellulolitic microbial population. Ruminal acidosis evaluation parameters were: dry matter intake (kg/d, % of BW and % of BW0,75; DMIK, DMIB and DMIM respectivelly), dry matter intake fluctuations (DMIF) during the subsequent days after concentrate challenge, ruminal fermentation (pH; SCFAs, lactate and NH3-N concentrations). There were no treatment main effects (P > 0.05) for DMIK, DMIB, DMIM or DMIF. Higher pH was measured (P < 0.0001) in MON, compared to the other two treatments (MON = 6.06 vs. PAP = 5.89 and CTL = 5.91). Ruminal lactate concentration remained low (0.23 mM) throughout the entire experimental period. Ruminal ammoniacal-N concentration of CTL was lower (P = 0.0039), compared to MON and PAP (14.74 and 13.64 vs. 11.20 mg/dl, for MON, PAP and CTL, respectivelly). Molar concentration of acetate was not affected (P = 0.3288) by treatments. However, an interaction day x treatment (P = 0.0079) for propionate molar concentration was... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Mário de Beni Arrigoni / Coorientador: Paulo Henrique Mazza Rodrigues / Banca: Jane M. Ezequiel / Banca: Paulo Roberto Meirelles / Banca: Carolina T. Marino / Banca: Paulo Roberto Lemes / Doutor

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-15T12:32:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Gildo Rufino de Freitas.pdf: 1009671 bytes, checksum: 1050c6adc525bb75326167b5ec91f6d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-15T12:32:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Gildo Rufino de Freitas.pdf: 1009671 bytes, checksum: 1050c6adc525bb75326167b5ec91f6d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-16 / They are found in Brazilian territory, about 10% of described species on the whole planet. Even reduced and fragmented, especially in the state of Pernambuco, the Atlantic Forest continues to be vital by saving one of the highest levels of biodiversity in the world. This paper aims to identify the volatile chemical components by GC-FID and GC / MS, obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves of the Protium giganteum (PG) and P. aracouchine (PA), collected in a fragment of Atlantic Forest known as the Cruzinha Forest, located in Engenho São José, municipality of Igarassu, northern coast of Pernambuco. The oil yields obtained were similar (PG = 0.05 ± 0.09% and PA = 0.04 ± 0.06%). The specific rotation revealed that they are dextrorotatórios [α] D = +1.7 for the oil PG and [α] D = +4.4 ° for oil PA). Thirty-two and twenty-nine substances were identified, representing 93.9% and 97.8% of the total oil of PG and PA, respectively. Among the thirty-two identified components in oil of PG, 93.6% are sesquiterpenes and β-Caryophyllene (26.0 ± 0.8%), globulol (9.3 ± 0.2%), α-cadinol (7.0 ± 0.5%), α-humulene (6.4 ± 0.1%) and germacrene D (6.2 ± 0.3%) are the majority of the chemical components. In BP oil, about 95.9% refer to sesquiterpenes. On the other hand, the main components were Spathulenol (31.8 ± 1.6%), α-cisbergamotene (8.8 ± 0.2%) and Viridiflorol (9.7 ± 0.7%). In spite of the oils of these species are constituted by sesquiterpens basically, they are different qualitatively and quantitatively. The data found for these two species of Protium are compared and discussed with those reported in the literature for other counterparts samples collected in other regions of Brazil and the world. / São encontradas em território brasileiro, cerca de 10% das espécies descritas em todo o planeta. Mesmo reduzia e fragmentada, principalmente no estado de Pernambuco, a Mata Atlântica continua a ter importância vital por guardar um dos maiores índices de biodiversidade do mundo. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar os constituintes químicos voláteis por CG-FID e CG/EM, obtidos por hidrodestilação a partir das folhas de Protium giganteum (PG) e P. aracouchine (PA), coletadas em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica conhecido por Mata da Cruzinha, localizada no Engenho São José, município de Igarassu, litoral Norte de Pernambuco. Os rendimentos dos óleos obtidos foram similares (PG = 0.05±0.09% e PA = 0.04±0.06%). A rotação específica revelou que são dextrorotatórios [α]D = +1,7 para o óleo de PG e [α]D = +4.4° para o óleo de PA). Trinta e dois e vinte e nove substâncias foram identificadas, representando 93.9% e 97.8% do total de óleo de PG e PA, respectivamente. Entre os trinta e dois constituintes identificados no oleo de PG, 93.6% são sesquiterpenos e β-Cariofileno(26.0 ± 0.8%), globulol (9.3 ± 0.2%), α-Cadinol (7.0 ± 0.5%), α-Humuleno (6.4 ± 0.1%) e Germacreno D (6.2 ± 0.3%) são os constituintes químicos majoritário. No óleo de PA, cerca de 95,9% referem-se aos sesquiterpenos. Por outro lado, os constituintes principais foram Espatulenol (31.8 ± 1.6%), α-cis-Bergamotene (8.8 ± 0.2 %) e Viridiflorol (9.7 ± 0.7%). Apesar do oleo essencial dessas especies serem constituídas basicamente por compostos da dos sesquiterpenos, eles são qualitativamente e quantitativamente diferentes. Os dados encontrados para essas duas espécies de Protium são comparados e discutidos com os reportados na literatura para outras amostras congêneres coletadas em outras regiões do Brasil e do mundo.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a viabilidade de Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 em fórmulas infantis fermentadas ou não, probióticas durante armazenamento a 4°C. Três matrizes lácteas e três não lácteas (a base de soja) foram utilizadas para a elaboração de produtos fermentados ou não fermentados usando Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019, resultando em doze diferentes fórmulas probióticas para lactentes. O perfil de acidificação foi determinado a 42°C até pH 4,7. Determinações físico-químicas (sólidos totais, proteína, gordura, cinzas, carboidratos, calorias, densidade e pH) foram realizadas e foram focadas as contagens de bactérias viáveis durante o armazenamento refrigerado. A caracterização química dos produtos lácteos e a não lácteos apresentou resultados diferentes, à exceção FSL2, todos estavam de acordo com Codex Alimentarius. O perfil de acidificação de Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 diferiu conforme a matriz. Durante o armazenamento dos produtos a 4°C, a contagem de bactérias viáveis de acordo com o preconizado, bem como a pós-acidificação, estando em conformidade com as recomendações da legislação brasileira. Processo (fermentação ou adição) e tipo de matriz (lácteos e não lácteos) influenciaram a pós-acidificação e a viabilidade de Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019. As fórmulas para lactentes podem ser considerados bons veículos de Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019. / This study proposed to study infant formulas as vehicles for Bifidobacterium animalis ssp.lactis HNOI9. Three dairy and three non-dairy matrices were employed for the preparation of fermented or unfermented products using Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis HN019 resulting in twelve different probiotic infant formulas. Acidification profile of the probiotic was determined at 42°C until pH 4.7. Physicochemical determination (total solids, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates and calories, density and pH) was conducted, and counts viable bacteria (in dairy and non dairy infant formulas fermented and unfermented) during cold storage was focused on. The chemical characterization of the dairy and non-dairy matrix showed different results, the exception FSL2, all were in accordance to the Codex Alimentarius. The acidification profile of B. animalis ssp. lactis HN019 differed according to the matrix. During storage of products at 4°C counts of viable bacteria were stable as well as post-acidification, and were in accordance with the recommendations of the Brazilian legislation. Process (fermentation or addition) and matrix type (dairy and non-dairy) influenced post-acidification and viability of B. animalis ssp. lactis BN019 . Infant formulas could be considered good vehicles for Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis HN019.

S. thermophilus et L. bulgaricus sont les bactéries lactiques utilisées dans la fabrication du yaourt. En milieu laitier, cette association est appelée proto-coopération lorsqu'elle est bénéfique au développement de chacune des espèces. Même si quelques facteurs nutritionnels impliqués dans cette coopération ont été identifiés, ce phénomène reste encore peu connu au niveau moléculaire. Notre objectif est d'identifier plus amplement les bases moléculaires de cette association, d'évaluer la nature et l'étendue des échanges bactériens et d'estimer si des phénomènes de régulation interviennent entre les deux espèces. Nous avons sélectionné le couple de souches, S. thermophilus LMG18311 et L. bulgaricus ATCC11842, dont les génomes sont séquencés, pour lequel nous avons observé un effet proto-coopératif. En utilisant des analyses protéomique et transcriptomique, nous avons comparé la croissance en lait de S. thermophilus en présence (co-culture) ou en absence (monoculture) de L. bulgaricus et à deux stades de croissance différents. Nous avons obtenu la variation de 88 différents gènes ou protéines (4.6% des CDS) de S. thermophilus qui variaient en présence de L. bulgaricus. Notamment des variations concernant les métabolismes azoté, des purines et du fer. De plus, la co-culture conduit à des changements de régulation chez S. thermophilus avec la variation d'un régulateur de réponse, homologue au régulateur de réponse CovR des streptocoques. Cette étude révèle des échanges nutritionnels inattendus et des relations de régulation entre St. thermophilus et Lb. bulgaricus offrant de nouvelles pistes pour la compréhension du comportement proto-coopératif entre ces deux bactéries.