Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diana Mari Siqueira e Silva.pdf: 888046 bytes, checksum: a74b6a9f6368b19908c9b20b22e642f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-15 / In this dissertation, I want to understand in light of the sociological perspective, by authors such as Marcuse, Kurz, Beck and Giddens, movement that have emerged in recent years in Brazil in favor of corporate social responsibility. Comparing the perspectives of these authors about risks and dangers of an economic expansion desmensurada and, conversely, the feasibility of the proposed social intervention in order to mitigate them, such as social responsibility regulated by ISO 26000. So, I want to see how these proposals are being implemented, which in vogue speeches and actions arising therefrom. In this sense, are highlighted the notion of sub-politics developed by Beck and economic convergence, Giddens, which help to clarify how social groups and consumers involved in the market and drive the actions of corporate responsibility. Thus, these require a more responsible and proactive, especially about the negative externalities that their actions may bring. The Standard IS0 26000, which is based on extensive international discussion and the contributions of various social groups, was the parameter to conceptualize social responsibility and to establish guidelines to be followed by companies. The projects submitted for the award, the award for Social Responsibility in Retail, Ozires Silva Award for Entrepreneurship and Eco Award, analyzed from this perspective, verifying their adequacy to international discussions divulged / Nesta dissertação de mestrado, pretendo compreender, à luz da perspectiva sociológica, por intermédio de autores como Marcuse, Kurz, Beck e Giddens, o movimento que vêm surgindo, nos últimos anos, no Brasil, em prol da responsabilidade social corporativa. Confrontando as perspectivas desses autores sobre riscos e perigos de uma expansão econômica desmensurada e, em contrapartida, a viabilidade da proposta de intervenção social com o intuito de mitigá-los, como, por exemplo, a responsabilidade social regulamentada pela norma ISO 26000. Assim, pretendo verificar como estão sendo implantadas essas propostas: quais discursos em voga e as ações daí decorrentes. Nesse sentido, são destacados a noção de subpolítica elaborado por Beck e de convergência econômica, de Giddens, que permitiram elucidar como os grupos sociais e os consumidores intervêm no mercado e impulsionam as ações de responsabilidade das empresas. Desse modo, exigem delas uma postura mais responsável e proativa, principalmente, quanto às externalidades negativas que a sua atuação possa trazer. A Norma IS0 26000, elaborada com base em ampla discussão internacional e com a contribuição de vários grupos sociais, constituiu o parâmetro para conceituar a responsabilidade social e estabelecer as diretrizes a serem seguidas pelas empresas. Os projetos encaminhados para a premiação, nos prêmios de Responsabilidade Social no Varejo, Prêmio Ozires Silva de Empreendedorismo e Prêmio Eco, analisados a partir dessa perspectiva, verificando a sua adequação às discussões internacionais propaladas

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:53:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diana Mari Siqueira e Silva.pdf: 888046 bytes, checksum: a74b6a9f6368b19908c9b20b22e642f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-15 / In this dissertation, I want to understand in light of the sociological perspective, by authors such as Marcuse, Kurz, Beck and Giddens, movement that have emerged in recent years in Brazil in favor of corporate social responsibility. Comparing the perspectives of these authors about risks and dangers of an economic expansion desmensurada and, conversely, the feasibility of the proposed social intervention in order to mitigate them, such as social responsibility regulated by ISO 26000. So, I want to see how these proposals are being implemented, which in vogue speeches and actions arising therefrom. In this sense, are highlighted the notion of sub-politics developed by Beck and economic convergence, Giddens, which help to clarify how social groups and consumers involved in the market and drive the actions of corporate responsibility. Thus, these require a more responsible and proactive, especially about the negative externalities that their actions may bring. The Standard IS0 26000, which is based on extensive international discussion and the contributions of various social groups, was the parameter to conceptualize social responsibility and to establish guidelines to be followed by companies. The projects submitted for the award, the award for Social Responsibility in Retail, Ozires Silva Award for Entrepreneurship and Eco Award, analyzed from this perspective, verifying their adequacy to international discussions divulged / Nesta dissertação de mestrado, pretendo compreender, à luz da perspectiva sociológica, por intermédio de autores como Marcuse, Kurz, Beck e Giddens, o movimento que vêm surgindo, nos últimos anos, no Brasil, em prol da responsabilidade social corporativa. Confrontando as perspectivas desses autores sobre riscos e perigos de uma expansão econômica desmensurada e, em contrapartida, a viabilidade da proposta de intervenção social com o intuito de mitigá-los, como, por exemplo, a responsabilidade social regulamentada pela norma ISO 26000. Assim, pretendo verificar como estão sendo implantadas essas propostas: quais discursos em voga e as ações daí decorrentes. Nesse sentido, são destacados a noção de subpolítica elaborado por Beck e de convergência econômica, de Giddens, que permitiram elucidar como os grupos sociais e os consumidores intervêm no mercado e impulsionam as ações de responsabilidade das empresas. Desse modo, exigem delas uma postura mais responsável e proativa, principalmente, quanto às externalidades negativas que a sua atuação possa trazer. A Norma IS0 26000, elaborada com base em ampla discussão internacional e com a contribuição de vários grupos sociais, constituiu o parâmetro para conceituar a responsabilidade social e estabelecer as diretrizes a serem seguidas pelas empresas. Os projetos encaminhados para a premiação, nos prêmios de Responsabilidade Social no Varejo, Prêmio Ozires Silva de Empreendedorismo e Prêmio Eco, analisados a partir dessa perspectiva, verificando a sua adequação às discussões internacionais propaladas

Det normgivande organet IASBs konsultation med allmänheten utgör en viktig del i normgivningsprocessen. Det pågående projektet av en ny standard för leasingredovisning, som skall ersätta IAS 17, har erhållit stor uppmärksamhet. År 2009 publicerade IASB ett diskussionsunderlag tillsammans med FASB. Ett första utkast av standarden utfärdades år 2010 vilket följdes av ett reviderat förslag år 2013. Samtliga publikationer var öppna för allmänheten att kommentera i form av remissvar.Insikten om den makt som intressentgrupper har i denna process är emellertid liten varpå syftet med studien är att få klarhet i om IASBs normgivningsprocess påverkas av enskilda intressentgruppers makt vid utformningen av den nya redovisningsstandarden för leasing. Denna studie bidrar således med kunskap om det inflytande som intressentgrupperna har i processen och därmed varför standardförslagen utformas som de gör. Genom att analysera intressentergruppers preferenser för specifika redovisningsfrågor i förhållande till IASBs position, uppfylls studiens syfte. För att bedöma intressenternas inflytande i normgivningsprocessen har en innehållsanalys tillämpats för att behandla det kvalitativa materialet. Inkomna remissvar på IASBs förslag har kategoriserats efter följande intressentgrupper: företag, revisionsbranschen, regulatorer och användare. Totalt har 525 remissvar analyserats där den intressentgrupp som IASB har beaktat i flest antal redovisningsfrågor utgör den grupp med störst makt.Den slutsats som följer av den genomförda analysen visar att samtliga intressentgrupper har haft ett inflytande i normgivningsprocessen och där ingen av grupperna bedöms ha den absoluta makten i normgivningsprocessen för leasing. Emellertid har användare, den primära målgruppen i IASBs konceptuella ramverk, bedömts vara den intressentgrupp som har det största inflytandet. Revisionsbranschen och regulator har haft ett lika stort inflytande i processen och företag var den grupp med minst inflytande. Det tycks således finnas ett samband mellan intressentgrupper och inflytandet över IASB. Vidare har det normgivande organet valt att inte ta hänsyn till någon av intressentgrupperna för ett flertal av redovisningsfrågorna. / Program: Civilekonomprogrammet

Cette recherche a pour but d'étudier le rôle joué par les parties prenantes et plus spécifiquement par l'une d'entre elles, la famille, sur les décisions stratégiques des entrepreneurs de PME/TPE, en étudiant d'éventuelles différences de genre. Le cadre conceptuel retenu est celui des effets de proxémie en PME/TPE tels que définis par Torrès (2003) à partir des travaux en psycho-sociologie de l'espace de Moles et Rohmer (1978). La loi proxémique montre qu'un individu tend à privilégier tout ce qui est proche au détriment de ce qui est lointain. Torrès montre comment les entrepreneurs n'échappent pas à cette loi et comment leurs décisions stratégiques peuvent s'expliquer par ces principes hiérarchiques. Nous testons la validité d'un principe proxémique à partir de la théorie des couches de Gibb (1988) qui propose une hiérarchie des parties prenantes de la PME. L'étude est conduite à partir d'une expérimentation définie par le cadre de l'économie expérimentale. Les résultats ouvrent des perspectives innovantes dans la compréhension des décisions stratégiques des femmes entrepreneures, et mettent en évidence l'intérêt théorique de la loi proxémique pour les étudier à partir de leur réalité propre (Carrier, et al, 2006) et non pas en comparaison aux hommes. / The scope of the research is an analysis of stakeholders' influences on strategic decisions, focusing principally on the role of family, within a gender perspective. The theoretical framework is the proxemic influence in Small Businesses. This framework was defined by Torrès (2003) based on the work of psycho-sociologists Moles and Rohmer (1978). The proxemic theory emphasizes the prevalence of things, people and elements that are close compared to those which are more remote. Torrès shows how strategic decisions of entrepreneurs are embedded by this proxemic influence. We test the validity of this law through the layers of theory defended by Gibb (1988) which identified a hierarchic influence of the stakeholders. The empirical study is based on an experiment structured from the experimental economics field. Men and women entrepreneurs are the subject of the experiment.Results show, innovative opportunities to better understand the strategic decisions of women entrepreneurs. They also highlight the theoretical interest of the proxemic principle to survey women from their own perspective, rather than only from the male comparison.

Les zones arides abritent 35% de la population mondiale et affichent parmi les plus hauts niveaux de pauvreté. La faible quantité et l’hétérogénéité spatio-temporelle des précipitations et des écoulements compliquent non seulement l’exploitation de la ressource mais aussi la compréhension de ces hydro-systèmes. Cependant, depuis les origines de l’histoire humaine, les populations ont su domestiquer l’eau des zones arides, tant superficielle, que souterraine. Mais les dernières décennies ont vu certaines zones arides devenir le théâtre du développement d’activités industrielles aux usages d’eau intensifs qui posent des problèmes de gestion et d’accès à l’eau des usagers, en particulier des populations vulnérables. Dans le nord du Chili, le Désert d’Atacama est l’une des zones les plus arides au monde. Depuis les années 90, avec l'installation de grands projets miniers, la région a connu une croissance démographique et économique constante. L’eau souterraine y est intensivement utilisée pour les activités minières, l’approvisionnement des populations et l’agriculture. Afin de comprendre si les problèmes d’accès à l’eau souterraine de l’aquifère Pampa del Tamarugal, région de Tarapacá, sont dus au fait que la ressource est limitée, que la gestion des eaux souterraines doit être améliorée, ou encore à un manque d’information scientifique sur cette ressource, une approche multi et interdisciplinaire a été mise en place. Cette approche est constituée de deux grandes parties : d’une part, la caractérisation des ressources en eau souterraines de l’aquifère Pampa del Tamarugal. Pour cela, les données brutes existantes et leurs conditions de production ont été analysées et un nouveau réseau hydrométrique a été conçu grace à l’analyse multicritère couplée à une analyse SIG. Ensuite, la réalisation d’une carte piézométrique actualisée et la comparaison de cette carte avec les données piézométriques des dernières décennies ont permis de comprendre l’évolution de l’aquifère. L’étude géologique détaillée et l’analyse hydrochimique et isotopiques de sources et forages a permis de caractériser la recharge de l’aquifère, entre autres de définir le rôle prépondérant du substratum mésozoïque sur les écoulements notamment dans la couverture cénozoïque. Pour pallier au manque de données historiques, une approche complémentaire a été mise en place consistant en l’intégration des connaissances des populations locales indigènes pour l’élaboration du modèle hydrogéologique conceptuel. D’autre part, la gestion des ressources en eaux souterraines de l'aquifère Pampa del Tamarugal a été analysée, en s’attachant notamment à comprendre le rôle de l’information scientifique et technique et les stratégies et discours des acteurs sur cette gestion et sur les usages. Finalement, l’étude d’un système ancestral de gestion de l’eau a permis de générer l’information nécessaire à sa préservation en tant que patrimoine hydraulique de zone aride mais également à sa réutilisation pour la gestion actuelle de l’aquifère. Ces travaux de recherche ont permis d’améliorer la compréhension des mécanismes de recharge, ainsi que des écoulements et de l’évolution de la ressource en eaux souterraines sous pression anthropique dans une zone aride et montagneuse telle que le nord du Chili. Ils ont aussi permis de préciser les contraintes limitant l’accès à l’eau des populations vulnérables dans la zone d’étude, et le rôle de l’information scientifique dans la gestion de la ressource en eaux souterraines. / Drylands are home to 35% of the world's population and have among the highest levels of poverty. The small quantity and spatio-temporal heterogeneity of rainfall and runoff complicate not only the exploitation of the resource but also the understanding of those hydro-systems. However, since the origins of human history, in arid areas, people have been able to domesticate both surface and ground water the water. But the last decades have seen some arid areas become the scene of the development of industrial activities with intensive water uses that pose problems of management and access to water for users, particularly vulnerable populations. In the north of Chile, the Atacama Desert is one of the most arid areas of the world. Since the 1990s, with the installation of major mining projects, the region has experienced constant demographic and economic growth. Groundwater is extensively used for mining, domestic supply and agriculture. In order to understand if the problems of access to the groundwater of the Pampa del Tamarugal aquifer, in the Tarapacá region, are due to a limited resource, management issues, or to a lack of scientific information, a multi-disciplinary and interdisciplinary approach has been put in place. This approach consists of two main parts: first, the characterization of the groundwater resources of the Pampa del Tamarugal aquifer. For this, the existing raw data and their production conditions have been analysed and a new hydrometric network has been designed with a multi-criteria analysis coupled with a GIS analysis. Then, the realization of an updated piezometric map and the comparison of this map with the piezometric data of the last decades allow to understand the evolution of the aquifer. Based on a detailed geological study and hydrochemical and isotopic analysis of sources and boreholes, the recharge of the aquifer has been characterized with the preponderant role of the Mesozoic substratum on the flows especially in the Cenozoic cover. To compensate for the lack of historical data, a complementary approach has been put in place consisting of integrating the local and indigenous knowledge for the development of the conceptual hydrogeological model. On the other hand, the management of the groundwater resources of the Pampa del Tamarugal aquifer was analyzed, with particular attention to understanding the role of scientific and technical information and the strategies and discourses of the actors on this management and on uses. Finally, the study of an ancient water management system has generated the information necessary for its preservation as a water heritage an arid zone but also in order to reuse this system for the current management of the aquifer. This research has improved the understanding of the Pampa del Tamarugal recharge mechanisms, as well as the flow and evolution of groundwater resources under anthropogenic pressure in an arid and mountainous area such as northern Chile. They also clarified the constraints limiting access to water for vulnerable populations in the study area, and the role of scientific information in the management of groundwater resources.

A inovação é um fator crítico para o sucesso das empresas. A indústria farmacêutica é historicamente movida pela inovação. Entretanto, neste ramo, o desenvolvimento de novos produtos envolve custos elevados e um longo ciclo de desenvolvimento de produto acarretando em um alto risco de negócio. Recentemente, a estratégia de inovação aberta (open innovation) surgiu com alternativa às empresas para inovação sugerindo que as empresas mantenham-se abertas a idéias internas e externas, tornando o processo de inovação mais ágil, econômico e seguro, uma vez que ele passa a ser compartilhado com outras partes. Porém, embora este novo paradigma se aplique ao ramo farmacêutico, há poucas pesquisas até o momento que estudem diretamente a estratégia de inovação aberta à indústria farmacêutica. Desta forma, este trabalho busca estudar de forma exploratória a prática da estratégia de inovação aberta por indústrias farmacêuticas brasileiras e compreender: os motivos que levaram as empresas nacionais a adotarem este modelo, como esta prática está estruturada dentro destas indústrias e de que maneira elas trabalham com seus parceiros de inovação. A pesquisa comprovou que as indústrias farmacêuticas estão utilizando a inovação aberta como estratégia de inovação. Entretanto, o modelo de inovação aplicado possui adaptações, em razões de questões culturais e maturidade da empresa, de forma que o fluxo de idéias criativas ocorre somente na direção do ambiente externo para o interno da empresa. Entre os problemas relacionados à inovação aberta no Brasil, optou-se por investigar as relações entre os envolvidos como forma de encontrar oportunidades de melhoria para o modelo brasileiro que ainda se baseia muito na relação empresa-universidade. Dentre as empresas estudadas no estudo de caso indicou serem os principais stakeholder as universidades e institutos de pesquisa públicos e que estas parceiras se consolidam preferencialmente através de convênios de pesquisa. / In a highly competitive environment, innovation is a critical factor to the success and maintenance of any company. The pharmaceutical industry is historically moved by innovation in products. However, in the pharmaceutical business, the development of new products demands huge investments and a long development cycle which consequently increase the risk of the business associated to uncertainty. Recently, the open innovation strategy emerged as an alternative to companies to innovate and develop new products. This new paradigm suggests that companies must be opened to ideas from the internal and external environments and to perform co-development projects with the purpose of developing products faster, cheaper and in a less risky way. Although this new paradigm is adequate to the pharmaceutical segment, there are few researches that discuss the open innovation strategy in the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, this research has the purpose to study the practice of open innovation strategy by Brazilian pharmaceutical companies and to access: the reasons that motivate the national companies to adopt this model, how this practice is structured inside the companies and how they work with their innovation partners. From this investigation it was possible to verify that the pharmaceutical industries in Brazil use open innovation as a strategy of innovation. However, the open innovation model characteristics in Brazil consider adaptations from the original model suggested by Chesbrough. For cultural and the companies’ business maturity level, it was noticed that the influx of creative ideas is mainly from the outside towards inside company. Additionally, it was investigated the relationship among the co-development stakeholders, as an opportunity to find improvements to the Brazilian open innovation model. The case study findings indicate that the most relevant partnership type is the consortium with the universities and research institutes.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The importance of health enhancing physical activity participation (HEPA) has always been emphasized globally, as one of the means to reduce the risk of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) occurrence. In Africa, it is more relevant currently, due to the growing burden of NCDs that is coupled with the existing encumbrance of communicable diseases. In Rwanda, specifically, there are limited national strategies to promote health-enhancing physical activity. Consequently, the level of physical activity among Rwandans, especially government office workers, is likely to diminish, which could possibly be attributed to the rapid urbanization that comes with lifestyle changes. Basically, most people tend to abandon the traditional labour-intensive activities, which are associated with high energy expenditure, to more sedentary activities. Therefore, the need to promote health enhancing physical activity participation is crucial. Physical activity participation is an intricate and multifaceted behaviour that may not be viewed from a linear perspective. This current study adopted a socio-ecological framework to assess the factors that influence Leisure Time Physical Activity (LTPA) among government employees in Kigali City. The study used an exploratory, sequential, mixed methods of qualitative and quantitative designs, in order to comprehensively explore and understand the research problem. Qualitatively, a Case study and exploratory design was used to collect data, specifically from the Rwanda Sport Policy and its implementing stakeholders. Quantitatively, a cross-sectional, descriptive design was used to assess and describe the levels of LTPA among government workers in Kigali City, as well as highlight the various factors that influence, or limit, their participation.

Cette thèse intitulée « Espace local et acteurs du tourisme dans le développement territorial et touristique » s’inscrit dans le domaine de la géographie humaine.Le tourisme dans les Monts Apuseni devrait idéalement se concrétiser par la valorisation du cadre naturel et culturel, mais aussi s’insérer dans un espace dynamique où les acteurs locaux jouent un rôle important. Les divers acteurs du développement local sont en interdépendance prononcée dans ce contexte, car le tourisme agit sur la transformation des sites touristiques, avec une contribution évidente à l'économie locale et au-delà. Ce phénomène ne peut pas se limiter aux activités des touristes, par leur simple présence dans une ville ou dans un lieu touristique. Il est important de voir si le lieu atteste une continuité de leur présence, mais également s'il existe une organisation dynamique, de rentabilité de l’offre et de la demande touristique. La nécessité d'étudier la relation entre les acteurs, leurs pratiques au sein d'un territoire, en interaction avec le tourisme découle, notamment, du fait que les résultats pourraient être utilisés pour le développement local afin de concevoir des stratégies pour développer le tourisme. Un territoire n'est pas seulement touristique, c’est un espace où les acteurs interviennent. La question principale de la recherche est d’identifier comment les acteurs peuvent travailler ensemble pour créer de la richesse touristique ?Notre sujet n’est que peu abordé dans la littérature spécialisée roumaine. À l’aide d’une méthode à la fois qualitative(entretiens) et quantitative (questionnaires) nous avons localisé et analysé plusieurs acteurs du tourisme du secteur public et privé. Le tourisme est étroitement lié aux acteurs à trois niveaux : national, régional et local ; étant donné que l'État et les établissements privés ont un rôle important à jouer en appliquant une stratégie bénéfique de développement territorial. Néanmoins l'acteur le plus important est principalement le touriste lui-même. Les résultats montrent une grande capacité des divers acteurs à travailler ensemble, dans le territoire, pour soutenir en partenariat des projets conjoints visant à promouvoir une image positive du tourisme dans la région Apuseni, Roumanie. L’analyse des acteurs implique à la fois une localisation géographique et leur identification sur le territoire afin d'établir leur rôle, le degré et le mode de mise en réseau, ainsi que les initiatives entreprises par eux. Nous avons constaté que le secteur privé est plus actif que le secteur public et qu’il y a un manque de collaboration entre ces acteurs et que chaque acteur agit différemment dans le pays.Nous proposons de construire un système d’acteurs du tourisme autour de ces notions. / This thesis entitled «Local space and tourism stakeholders in the territorial tourism development » aims toanalyze the human geography domain. Tourism in the Apuseni region should ideally be achieved through enhancement of natural and cultural environment, but also asa dynamic space for local stakeholders. The various local development stakeholders are interdependent imposed in this context, because tourism acts on the transformation of tourist sites with obvious contribution towards the local economy and beyond. The need to study the relationship between the stakeholders, their practices within a territory in interaction with tourism, emerges particularly because the results could be used for local development to design strategies for the development of tourism. The main research question is how the stakeholders can work together to create tourism richness. Our subject is only slightly tackled in the Romanian literature. Using a method that is both qualitative (interviews) and quantitative (questionnaires) we located and analyzed several tourism stakeholders from the public and private sector. Tourism is closely related to those involved on three levels: national, regional and local - as government and private institutions have an important role to play in applying a beneficial strategy of territorial development. However, the most important actor is still the tourist himself. The results show a high capacity of various stakeholders to work together in the area to sustain collaborative projects in partnership to promote a positive image of tourism in the Apuseni region, Romania. Stakeholder analysis involves both a geographical location and an identification in the territory in order to establish their role, the degree and mode of networking, as well as strategies undertaken by them. We noted that the private sector is more active than the public sector. There is a lack of collaboration between these stakeholders and each one acts differently in the territory. We suggest to build a tourism stakeholders system around these two concepts.

This thesis deals with theme Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Theoretical part provides a comprehensive view of CSR. After the initial definitions of CSR work continues with the historical overview of CSR performance, the benefits of implementing CSR activities, explains the concept of "stakeholders", stresses the importance of communication of CSR activities and finishes with perception of social responsibility by individuals and companies. The practical part introduces specific international company, Danone. This part presents Danone CSR projects on the global and local level and analyses the perceptions of CSR activities of Danone by company employees. The final part summarizes achieved knowledges while writing thesis and fulfillment of the objectives of the thesis.

The work is divided into two parts. The first part describes corporate social responsibility from a theoretical point of view. It includes different views on CSR, stakeholders, and deals with the impact of financial crisis on a number of CSR projects. The case study deals with social responsibility at Nike.It describes the different areas where Nike socially responsible business is conducted. Here I also describe the impact of the global financial crisis on the number of implemented CSR projects. Both theoretical and practical part of the work describe CSR reporting in detail.