This thesis examines the Dias Gomes' play turned telenovela, O Bem-Amado, to demonstrate the use of satire and dark humor to make political commentary during the tumultuous sociopolitical era in Brazil from the early 1960s through the late-1970s. This era in Brazil is characterized by the overthrow of the leftist democratically elected civilian government by a corporate-backed hardline military dictatorship in the early part of 1964, which lasts for approximately 20 years. The result of this authoritative military rule causes many artists and intellectuals that oppose the dictatorship's repression to flee into exile abroad or adapt to the changing sociopolitical environment. Those who are not forced into exile begin to procure and find new avenues to express their dissatisfaction with the lack of free political expression. Dias Gomes becomes an accomplished playwright during the late 1950s and 1960s and uses the stage to make sociopolitical commentary and criticism. However by the late 1960s his pieces are continually being censored by the regime. At this time the television soap opera has become immensely popular in the country and the writer receives an invitation by an old colleague to begin writing telenovelas. Through this invitation, the playwright continues to make political commentary through his ability to portray the authentic Brazilian social experience. O Bem- Amado stands out as one of these authentic Brazilian portrayals of a corrupt Northeast Brazilian mayor that does anything to protect his political image. Dias Gomes employs dark humor and satire to point out the follies of the old politician, while at the same time he critiques corrupt authoritarian governments in general. This satiric humor proves to be the right aesthetic to get by the censors of the then authoritarian military regime and make public his sociopolitical criticisms.

Ce mémoire est composé de deux sections, une de création et l’autre de réflexion. La première consiste d’un roman de fantaisie satirique, Incompetent Gods (écrit en anglais) et la deuxième d’un essai à propos de ce genre. Incompetent Gods - Dans une dimension parallèle, créée par les dieux écœurés de l’athéisme régnant dans la nôtre, immortels et mortels vivent ensemble en cacophonie. Leurs relations sont étroitement surveillées par la compagnie Dieux Inc. qui emploie et contrôle la plupart des divinités. Son PDG, la reine Louhi Pohjola, court un grave danger car Goblin et son souverain-fifre Japhet essaient de se débarrasser d’elle afin de conquérir le monde. Ce récit satirique, en utilisant la transvalorisation de mythes anciens, la parodie de lieux communs présents en fantaisie, la transposition de dieux dans un contexte corporatif et des jeux de langage, se veut une critique de notre société, de nos valeurs et de nos utopies. Effets de miroirs. De la satire en fantaisie - Cet essai présente une étude littéraire de l’œuvre de Terry Pratchett, un des géniteurs de la fantaisie satirique contemporaine, suivie d’une réflexion sur le processus de création. Cela dans le but de répondre à deux questions : comment se moquer d’une chose alors qu’on en évoque une autre? Et comment créer un effet de reconnaissance entre le merveilleux et le réel? Idéalement, ceci permettra d’offrir une nouvelle perspective sur ce genre si mal apprécié. / This thesis is made up of two parts. The first one, Incompetent Gods, is a short satirical fantasy novel written in English. The second part consists of an essay about the genre. Incompetent Gods - In a parallel world, created by the gods sickened with the atheism in our dimension, mortals and immortals live together in cacophony. Their relations are monitored by Gods Inc., a huge multinational that employs and controls most divinities. Its CEO, Queen Louhi Pohjola, is in grave danger, for in order to conquer the world, Goblin and his side-king Japhet are doing all they can to get rid of her. By devaluing old myths, parodying the clichés of fantasy, transposing gods into a corporate context and playing with language, this satirical fable aims to critique our society, our values and our utopias. Effets de miroirs. De la satire en fantaisie - This essay (in French) presents a literary study of the works of Terry Pratchett, one of the most famed authors of contemporary satirical fantasy, and a reflection on the creative process that answers two questions: how to ridicule one thing while evoking another? And how to create a mirror of reality through the use of fantasy? Ideally, this will give new insights into this badly perceived genre.

This thesis explores the utilisation of satire within the television series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia. Employing Stuart Hall's encoding/decoding model as a theoretical framework, this study delves into the complexities of how satire is constructed, received, and interpreted by viewers. Hall’s model will be paired with a genre studies and audience receptions studies. The research employs two methods; a text analysis of a specific episode (“A Woman’s Right to Chop”); and interviews. The issues displayed in the episode are: gender roles, women’s rights, abortion and adoption. These issues are portrayed in a satirical manner by the use of humour, exaggeration, irony, critique, stereotypes and symbolism. The majority of the interviewees were found to understand and engage with the satire. Parts of the interviewees understood some of the underlying meanings. Few of the interviewees did not understand or misunderstood the material completely. Apart from satire, the additional interpretations stemmed from viewers fixating on minor details, misconstruing the portrayed messages, taking a literal approach, and harbouring dismissive sentiments towards the episode's content.

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Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2023. / Au cours du dernier demi-siècle, nombre d'exégètes choisissent d'interpréter *Jonas* à la lumière de ses incongruités. À leurs yeux, le lecteur qui veut comprendre ne doit pas juste lire, mais aussi rire. Mais rire de qui, de quoi, comment et pourquoi ? Leurs perspectives herméneutiques sont loin d'être univoques. Ce mémoire vise à étudier comment ces lecteurs de *Jonas* réfèrent aux concepts d'ironie, de satire, de parodie ou d'humour, et en quoi ces grilles de lectures contribuent (ou non) à l'émergence d'une polysémie interprétative. Cet enjeu sera exploré au moyen d'une analyse qualitative de dix publications exégétiques situées à la fin du XXᵉ - début du XXIᵉ siècle. Le premier chapitre est dédié aux herméneutiques ironiques d'Edwin Good (1965), James S. Ackerman (1981) et Carolyn J. Sharp (2009). Le second examine les perspectives satiriques de Millar Burrows (1970), John C. Holbert (1981) et Stephen D. Cook (2019). Le troisième porte sur les lectures parodiques de John A. Miles (1975) et Will Kynes (2011). Le quatrième est dédié aux interprétations humoristiques de Willie van Heerden (1992) et L. Juliana M. Claassens (2015). Pour chaque proposition, l'analyse porte sur (i) le cadre conceptuel et terminologique utilisé pour décrire les incongruités du livre, (ii) la manière dont est interprété son but littéraire, et (iii) les enjeux déterminants de la démarche exégétique. Le cinquième chapitre explore les enjeux de polysémie interprétative de l'échantillon au moyen d'une mise en dialogue comparative. Cette recherche démontre que l'adoption d'un paradigme littéraire influence toujours la manière de lire *Jonas*, mais que cet élément ne permet pas de discriminer la pluralité des lectures, notamment parce que les concepts d'ironie, de satire, de parodie et d'humour sont non-consensuels. Par ailleurs, l'interprétation de *Jonas* dépend surtout des préoccupations exégétiques du moment, des stratégies de lecture, et des postures théologiques adoptées. / For half a century, many exegetes have chosen to interpret *Jonah* in the light of its incongruities. In their eyes, the reader who wants to understand must not only read, but also laugh. But laugh at whom, at what, how and why? Their hermeneutical perspectives are far from univocal. This thesis aims to study how these readers of *Jonah* refer to the literary concepts of irony, satire, parody or humor, and in what way these readings contribute (or not) to the emergence of an interpretative polysemy. This issue will be explored through a qualitative analysis of ten exegetical publications from the late 20ᵗʰ and early 21ˢᵗ centuries. The first chapter is devoted to the ironic hermeneutics of Edwin Good (1965), James S. Ackerman (1981) and Carolyn J. Sharp (2009). The second examines the satirical perspectives of Millar Burrows (1970), John C. Holbert (1981), and Stephen D. Cook (2019). The third focuses on parodic readings by John A. Miles (1975) and Will Kynes (2011). The fourth focuses on humorous interpretations by Willie van Heerden (1992) and L. Juliana M. Claassens (2015). For each proposal, the analyze focuses on (i) the conceptual and terminological framework used to describe the book's incongruities, (ii) how its literary purpose is interpreted, and (iii) the defining issues at stake in the exegetical approach. The fifth chapter explores issues of interpretative polysemy in my sample through a comparative dialogue. This research shows that the adoption of a literary paradigm still influences the way *Jonah* is read, but that this element does not allow for the discrimination of the plurality of readings, notably because the concepts of irony, satire, parody and humor are not consensual. Moreover, the interpretation of *Jonah* depends above all on the exegetical preoccupations of the moment, the reading strategies, and the theological postures adopted.

Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2019-2020 / Perse débute son oeuvre en rejetant systématiquement toutes les sources inspiratrices traditionnelles, dont la fontaine d’Hyppocrène, ce qui lui donne l’occasion de traiter Pégase de « canasson ». Alors que les interprétations d’ensemble réalisées par le passé sont faussées par une appréciation minimisant la construction systématique des Satires, l’objectif de cette étude est de démontrer que leur thème unificateur est la critique de la production / transmission et de la consommation de la littérature à l’époque néronienne. Dans le premier chapitre, en démontrant l’omniprésence des processus d’imitation et d’émulation dans le texte, puis en mettant au jour leur complexité et leur richesse sémantique, nous exposons la métatextualité des Satires, confirmant notre hypothèse de départ. L’analyse des Satires dans le cadre théorique du grotesque bakhtinien conduit dans un deuxième temps à révéler que le vice et la vertu y sont appariés respectivement à la mauvaise et à la bonne littérature et que Perse vise à détruire la première grâce à la philosophie. Par l’analyse de ce message subversif sous-jacent, nous expliquons quels sont les effets négatifs de la mauvaise littérature et les façons dont il faut s’y prendre pour la contrer. Dans le troisième chapitre enfin, grâce aux énoncés programmatiques et à diverses analyses stylistiques, nous donnons à connaître la cible de Perse : les poètes urbains philhellènes, cancres littéraires avides et présomptueux. Le style de Perse, en revanche, se distingue par son audace, son aspect mordax, sa modestie et sa romanité issue du mos maiorum. Grâce à notre étude, la cohérence des Satires, trop souvent tenues pour composites, apparaît nettement.

This study involves an investigation into the use of satire and humour as strategies of communication. The poetry of four Tsonga poets selected for study includes these strategies which are investigated for the purpose of determining the extent to which they function as strategies of communication. The study consists of four chapters which can be summarized as follows: CHAPTER 1 contains the introduction, aim, scope and method of approach of the entire study. Theories and definitions of satire and humour are also presented here. In CHAPTER 2 the poems selected for study are analysed in terms of invective, subtle and light-hearted satire. CHAPTER 3 focuses attention on the style of presentation of comic and derisive humour. CHAPTER 4 highlights and elucidates the most significant findings of the study. The most competent poet of the four at using satire and humour is identified and his excellence declared and justified / African Languages / M.A. (African languages)

This thesis is about the construction of 'satire' as an exclusive practice among the Cefalonian and hence proposes the term satiricity (satirikotita). It explores the construction of the category of the Cefalonian "madman" by means of dialogics between performance and evaluation. It is observed that the relation depends on three principles that obtain among audience members and a performer: conditioning the performance, participation in and observation of the performance and evaluation of it. Being one of the few anthropological studies on the Ionian islands of Greece, this thesis aims to contribute to the anthropology of the Ionian islands and of Cefalonia in particular. It looks at the relation between a town and a village on the ground of teasing events and refutes the argument of satire as an urban phenomenon only. It sets the elementary principles towards anthropology of satire and emphasizes the importance of studying everyday teasing events. It also contributes to understanding a 'native' researcher's presence in different ways. Satiricity is seen as a 'par excellence' feature that Cefalonians have. No matter if Cefalonia is a part of the Greek nation-state and people follow 'modern Greek culture', they still employ satiricity as a way of distancing themselves from Greeks. 'Distance' is forged on the basis of absolute exclusion of Greeks from having, practising and understanding satiricity in the way that Cefalonians do. The Conclusions leave the ground open for more investigation on teasing events and application of such viewpoints around other areas of the island, and of the Ionian islands or other Greek islands. I also point to studies looking at island and mainland teasing events and potential differences. After all, we need to examine not only how people construct the claim on the exclusivity of 'satire'. We need to examine how such a claim is applied, supported or contrasted and possibly rejected when Cefalonians engage with other Greeks away from the island.

This study involves an investigation into the use of satire and humour as strategies of communication. The poetry of four Tsonga poets selected for study includes these strategies which are investigated for the purpose of determining the extent to which they function as strategies of communication. The study consists of four chapters which can be summarized as follows: CHAPTER 1 contains the introduction, aim, scope and method of approach of the entire study. Theories and definitions of satire and humour are also presented here. In CHAPTER 2 the poems selected for study are analysed in terms of invective, subtle and light-hearted satire. CHAPTER 3 focuses attention on the style of presentation of comic and derisive humour. CHAPTER 4 highlights and elucidates the most significant findings of the study. The most competent poet of the four at using satire and humour is identified and his excellence declared and justified / African Languages / M.A. (African languages)