The purpose of this study has been to examine and analyze school counselors’ experience of collaboration with other professions in the student health team and the preconditions for their work. The study is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with six elementary-, and two high school student counselors in a medium-sized town in Sweden. The theoretical approach being used is: role theory, theory of professions and theory about collaboration. The study´s result shows that the school counselors’ experience an unclarity in their job assignments and their role is often described as diffuse and vauge. Furthermore, the result also shows that personality, different perspectives, education, lack of time, resources and confidentiality is affecting their possibility to execute an independent professional social work in the student health team. This study also shows that the school counselors valuate collaboration. A opportunity that sometimes is being obstructed through the different perspectives as compared to the other professions in the student health team, and therefore affects their experience of collaboration.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A pesquisa objetivou investigar a formação dos conselheiros escolares nas Escolas Municipais de Duque de Caxias a partir da adesão do Município ao Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento dos Conselhos Escolares, coordenado pela Secretaria de Educação Básica do Ministério da Educação. Como o exame das ações do Programa e a identificação das mesmas no referido município perpassam pelos níveis macro, meso e micro do sistema educacional, a metodologia constituiu-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, análise de documentos, construção e retrospectiva histórica em torno do princípio da gestão democrática e dos conselhos escolares; de entrevistas no MEC, na Secretaria Municipal de Educação, com os diretores de duas escolas da rede de ensino e grupo focal com o Conselho Escolar, além da observação nas escolas. Tendo como base o princípio da democracia e a construção da prática democrática nas escolas, por meio da gestão, percebem-se os conselhos escolares como segmentos representativos, tanto da possibilidade de transformação como de manutenção dos processos que envolvem a transparência, a autonomia e a participação da comunidade escolar na gestão das escolas. A verificação das ações de um Programa governamental em escala nacional, envolvendo a colaboração entre os entes federados, permite desmistificar o distanciamento entre as esferas dos sistemas de ensino neste processo que envolve a capacitação dos conselheiros escolares. A pesquisa revelou que, embora o Município de Duque de Caxias tenha aderido ao Programa, ainda não promoveu ações no sentido de formação de seus Conselheiros Escolares. Não obstante, uma das escolas observadas no estudo promove uma dinâmica articulada, em seu funcionamento, no que se refere à participação da comunidade escolar e local na gestão da escola / This present study aims to investigate the preparation of school council members at Duque de Caxias‟s Municipal Schools derived from the city‟s affiliation to the National Program for School Councils Enhancement, coordinated by the Department of Basic Education from the Ministry of Education. Since the examination of the Program‟s actions and their identification pass by the macro, meso and micro levels of the educational system, the methodology comprised a bibliographical research, analysis of documents, construction and historical retrospective of the democratic management principle and the School Council principle; interviews carried out at MEC and at the Municipal Department of Education, interview with the principals of two schools of the Municipal sphere and a focus group with the School Council, besides observation in the schools. Based on the principle of democracy and the construction of the democratic practice in schools, by means of participative management, School Councils were considered representative segments as they are able to transform and maintain processes involving transparence, autonomy and the participation of the school community in its management. The verification of the Government Program actions on a national basis involving the cooperation among federal entities, enables the demythification of the distance among the spheres of the educational systems in this process including the capacitation of school counselors. The research revealed that, although Duque de Caxias‟s City has acceded to the Program, they haven‟t promoted any actions towards the preparation of their schools council members. Despite that, one of the observed schools in the study promotes an articulated dynamic in it‟s operation in relation to school and local and schoolcommunity participation in school management

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A pesquisa objetivou investigar a formação dos conselheiros escolares nas Escolas Municipais de Duque de Caxias a partir da adesão do Município ao Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento dos Conselhos Escolares, coordenado pela Secretaria de Educação Básica do Ministério da Educação. Como o exame das ações do Programa e a identificação das mesmas no referido município perpassam pelos níveis macro, meso e micro do sistema educacional, a metodologia constituiu-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, análise de documentos, construção e retrospectiva histórica em torno do princípio da gestão democrática e dos conselhos escolares; de entrevistas no MEC, na Secretaria Municipal de Educação, com os diretores de duas escolas da rede de ensino e grupo focal com o Conselho Escolar, além da observação nas escolas. Tendo como base o princípio da democracia e a construção da prática democrática nas escolas, por meio da gestão, percebem-se os conselhos escolares como segmentos representativos, tanto da possibilidade de transformação como de manutenção dos processos que envolvem a transparência, a autonomia e a participação da comunidade escolar na gestão das escolas. A verificação das ações de um Programa governamental em escala nacional, envolvendo a colaboração entre os entes federados, permite desmistificar o distanciamento entre as esferas dos sistemas de ensino neste processo que envolve a capacitação dos conselheiros escolares. A pesquisa revelou que, embora o Município de Duque de Caxias tenha aderido ao Programa, ainda não promoveu ações no sentido de formação de seus Conselheiros Escolares. Não obstante, uma das escolas observadas no estudo promove uma dinâmica articulada, em seu funcionamento, no que se refere à participação da comunidade escolar e local na gestão da escola / This present study aims to investigate the preparation of school council members at Duque de Caxias‟s Municipal Schools derived from the city‟s affiliation to the National Program for School Councils Enhancement, coordinated by the Department of Basic Education from the Ministry of Education. Since the examination of the Program‟s actions and their identification pass by the macro, meso and micro levels of the educational system, the methodology comprised a bibliographical research, analysis of documents, construction and historical retrospective of the democratic management principle and the School Council principle; interviews carried out at MEC and at the Municipal Department of Education, interview with the principals of two schools of the Municipal sphere and a focus group with the School Council, besides observation in the schools. Based on the principle of democracy and the construction of the democratic practice in schools, by means of participative management, School Councils were considered representative segments as they are able to transform and maintain processes involving transparence, autonomy and the participation of the school community in its management. The verification of the Government Program actions on a national basis involving the cooperation among federal entities, enables the demythification of the distance among the spheres of the educational systems in this process including the capacitation of school counselors. The research revealed that, although Duque de Caxias‟s City has acceded to the Program, they haven‟t promoted any actions towards the preparation of their schools council members. Despite that, one of the observed schools in the study promotes an articulated dynamic in it‟s operation in relation to school and local and schoolcommunity participation in school management

En del socionomer kan uppleva obehag att samtala med människor som är i kris eller mår dåligt. Skolkuratorer är en av de som kan uppleva en osäkerhet huruvida de ska samtala med barn och ungdomar. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka metoder skolkuratorer från Malmös grundskolor använder i sina samtal med elever, men även hur skolkuratorerna beskriver sina kompetenser i samtalsmetodik. Vi har utgått ifrån en kvalitativ metod där vi har intervjuat sex skolkuratorer med olika långa anställningar inom skolkuratorsyrket. Studiens resultat visar att skolkuratorer inte följer någon metod på hur de ska förhålla sig i samtal med elever. Det finns ingen mall på hur skolkuratorer ska utföra sitt arbete vilket innebär att de arbetar väldigt olika och utvecklar olika sätt att utföra samtalen som de själva anser ger bäst resultat. Istället för en metod så blir det en “plock” av alla möjliga metoder för att anpassa elevernas behov. Däremot såg vi flera likheter i modeller som de nämnde att de utgår ifrån, såsom motiverande samtal och empatiskt förhållningssätt där olika faktorer spelar en väsentlig roll för samtalets utveckling såsom ett gott bemötande. I enlighet med learning by doing visar resultatet på studien att skolkuratorerna får mer kunskap på hur man samtalar desto fler samtal de genomför. För att få bättre kompetenser i samtalsmetodik önskar skolkuratorer mer praktik och djupare kurser i samtalsmetodik från socionomutbildningen. / Some social workers can experience discomfort when speaking with people in a state of crisis or who are mentally unwell. School counselors are among those who can experience insecurity on how they should talk with children and teenagers. The purpose of this study is to examine what models school counselors from Malmö’s elementary schools use in their conversations with students and how the school counselors describe their speech methodic competences. We used a qualitative method where we interviewed six school counselors with varying lengths of employments within the profession. The result of the study shows that school counselors do not follow any model on how to act in conversations with students. There is no template on how school counselors should conduct their work which means that they work very differently and develop different ways to conduct conversations according to what they themselves believe give the best results. Instead of one method it becomes a pick of all sorts of different methods to adapt to the student’s needs. We did, however, see many similarities in models that they mentioned they use as a foundation, such as motivating talks and an empathic approach, where different factors play an essential part for the development of the conversations, such as a good reception. Furthermore, the result shows that school counselors learn to converse the more conversations they have, in accordance with learning by doing. To achieve better competences in conversation methodics, school counselors wish for more internships and more in-depth courses in conversation methodics from the social worker education.

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School counselors need to advocate and act as an ally for all students. Safe Space, a training designed to facilitate competency for working with and serving LGBTQ youth (i.e., LGBTQ competency), has received increased attention in the field of school counseling. However, limited empirical support exists for training interventions such as Safe Space, with only one study to date examining its effectiveness for graduate psychology students (see Finkel, Storaasli, Bandele, & Schaefer, 2003). This study used a randomized pretest-posttest control group design to evaluate and examine the impact of Safe Space training on competency levels of a sample of school counselors/school counselor trainees and to explore the relationship between LGBTQ competency and awareness of sexism and heterosexism.

MEd (Educational Psychology) / Department of Foundations of Education / This study examined the impact of guidance and counselling on learning outcomes. The study was comparative study of two high schools in Vhembe district located in the Northern part of Limpopo Province, South Africa. A mixed method design was employed, consisting of qualitative and quantitative approaches. For the quantitative part an experimental design and a questionnaire were used. Independent samples entailed t-tests to compare the performance of the experimental and control group, a chi-square of association was used to determine the presence/absence of alignment between career and subject choices after counselling, while paired samples t-tests were used to ascertain if there was any improvement in the performance of the two groups. In addition, written mark schedules of pre-test, post-test and a short questionnaire for learners were analysed quantitatively. For the qualitative component face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were used while the purposive sampling technique was used to select 8 Life Orientation teachers, of which 4 were from school A and the other 4 were from school B. In addition, 2 Life Orientation heads of department were interviewed on challenges in implementing Guidance and Counselling in the school curriculum. For the quantitative data analysis, the chi-square and t- test of association was used to determine if there was any difference in career and subject choices alignment and performance between learners exposed to counselling and those not exposed to the program. The overall mean scores were calculated, and the chi-square test was used to indicate if there was any significant difference in career choices and subject alignment and performance between the group that received guidance and counselling and the group which did not receive such support. Fifty learners from the two selected schools were randomly selected, whereby 25 were used for the experiment and the other 25 as a control group. The experimental results indicated that learners who were exposed to guidance and counselling showed improvement in their learning outcomes while those who were not exposed to counselling showed no improvement in their learning outcomes. The fact that group that received guidance and counselling improved suggest that guidance and counselling services should be strengthened in all schools through departmental policy review meetings. / NRF

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