nÃo hà / Tendo em vista os reconhecidos benefÃcios sociais e econÃmicos advindos da educaÃÃo, tanto em nÃvel individual quanto agregado, identificar os fatores que causam os problemas de evasÃo e repetÃncia escolar tem persistido como ponto importante na agenda de pesquisadores, seja de paÃses em desenvolvimento ou desenvolvidos. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetivou identificar os determinantes da evasÃo e da repetÃncia escolar no ensino mÃdio das escolas pÃblicas do CearÃ. Para tanto, foi utilizada a base de dados longitudinal do Sistema de AvaliaÃÃo Permanente da EducaÃÃo BÃsica (SPAECE) de 2008, acompanhada de 2009 a 2011, sobre a qual se construiu um modelo logÃstico multinÃvel que incorpora a natureza hierÃrquica dos dados, subdivididos em nÃveis de alunos e de escolas. Os resultados indicam a importÃncia do Programa Bolsa FamÃlia para a reduÃÃo da probabilidade, tanto para a ocorrÃncia de evasÃo, quanto de repetÃncia escolar. AlÃm disso, dentre os fatores que tÃm a maior influÃncia no aumento das chances de o aluno deixar a escola, estÃo o desinteresse pelos estudos e a persistÃncia de repetÃncia em anos anteriores. Sendo este Ãltimo, junto com o atraso escolar, os principais determinantes da retenÃÃo dos alunos cearenses. Uma vez que essas escolas possuem infraestruturas semelhantes, a intervenÃÃo dos educadores deve estar atrelada à motivaÃÃo dos alunos pelos estudos, atravÃs de medidas pedagÃgicas que os envolvam e os alertem efetivamente sobre os benefÃcios sociais e econÃmicos advindos pela acumulaÃÃo de educaÃÃo a mÃdio e longo prazo, tal como ocorre nos paÃses desenvolvidos. / Considering the overall benefits from education, the dropouts and school failures bring about severe consequences for economic progress and welfare of the population. The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants for the occurrence of such problems in public high schools of the State of CearÃ. For doing this, a longitudinal database of SPAECE of 2008, extended to 2009-2011, is applied to a multilevel logistic model on a hierarchical basis, which is divided in two dimensions: school and students. It is found evidence that factors associated with both the students themselves and their familiesâ status affects significantly the chances for dropouts and school failures. While the cash transfer (Bolsa FamÃlia) to studentâs household is an important mechanism to reduce the probability of dropout and school failure, the lack of students' dedications in school activities and persistency of failures are the main deficiencies for increasing the chances of dropouts from school. Since the sampled schools have similar infrastructure, the intervention of educators must be driven to student motivation in scholar activities, through educational measures that call for their attention and warn them effectively on the social and economic benefits arising from the accumulation of education in the medium and long term, as it occurs in developed countries.

Submitted by Rosangela Silva (rosangela.silva3@unioeste.br) on 2018-05-23T15:05:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Mayara dos Santos.pdf: 2174496 bytes, checksum: b3e94bdacc7f31d817a7a83207bd7d6e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-23T15:05:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Mayara dos Santos.pdf: 2174496 bytes, checksum: b3e94bdacc7f31d817a7a83207bd7d6e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / This paper analyzes teachers and high school student’s perception from state high schools of Cascavel-PR, Brazil, about the possible relations between education and youth cultures, most specifically using rap in the school context to avoid view indifference in learning and school dropout at this stage of education. Rap is the emerging musical genre of hip hop movement, and it is described in this research as a sign of identification among young people and an articulating element of tribes and youth cultures. Rap is also part of the socialization processes of the youth, being full with meanings that integrate the sharing of feelings through this symbolism, the music. It is known that the valuation of different forms of aggregation, having as principle the sharing of feelings, is one of the characteristics of postmodern societies. Postmodernity marks the period of valorization of heterogeneity, multiculturalism and the recognition of different forms of aggregation, and it has as principle the socialization of common interests linked to affective issues. Therein, understanding that postmodernity provided new insights, regarding youth and youth groups, this research implies a reflection on the school as a dynamic social environment, constituting a space of interchange between different tribes and youth cultures. In this way, this paper points out aspects that make it difficult and / or possible to diversify methodologies in classroom, taking as reference issues of daily life and, especially, youth cultures. We believe that this can be an efficient way to reduce rates of school dropout and disinterest in learning from high school students, considering that one of the biggest complaints of young people is the difficulty of establishing relations between content and everyday life. The research was carried out in two stages: bibliographical and field research. The bibliographical research deals with the study of authors who approach the subject of postmodernity, youth, youth cultures, urban tribes, as well as data analysis related to school dropout and lack of interest in learning about the theme of youth and their relationship with the school, establishing a panorama of the phenomenon in Brazil, Paraná state and the city of Cascavel. The field research includes the data collected from ten teachers and students interviews from two high schools in the city of Cascavel. The interviews questioned about youth, school dropout, learning interest and the use of rap in school. The analysis of the data is based on the assumptions of Phenomenology by Michel Maffesoli. It was possible, through this research, to perceive that the students, in general, point out that using rap as an educational instrument that is articulated to the curricular contents can be a means of fostering interest in learning. On the other hand, while most teachers claim that rap can actually be considered an educational tool used in class and contributes to students' interest in learning, just a few have actually used it to work as educational content. This leads us to understand that, although there is an understanding that rap is an educational tool and collaborates in the apprehension of the curricular contents and arouses the interest for learning, this ends up being more a discourse than in fact a practice, because the teachers do not use it as their pedagogical practice. / Esta dissertação tem como escopo analisar a percepção dos professores e alunos do ensino médio da rede pública estadual de ensino de Cascavel - PR, sobre as relações possíveis entre educação e culturas juvenis, mais especificamente, o uso do rap no contexto escolar, tendo em vista a questão do desinteresse pela aprendizagem e a evasão nessa etapa de ensino. O rap, gênero musical emergente do movimento hip hop, é designado na presente pesquisa como signo de identificação entre os jovens e elemento articulador de tribos e culturas juvenis. O rap também é parte dos processos de socialização da juventude, sendo dotado de significados que integram a partilha de sentimentos, mediados por esse simbolismo, que é a música. Sabe-se que a valorização de diferentes formas de agregação, tendo como princípio a partilha de sentimentos, é uma das características das sociedades pós-modernas. A pós-modernidade marca o período da valorização da heterogeneidade, do multiculturalismo e o reconhecimento de diferentes formas de agregação dos sujeitos, tendo como princípio a socialização de interesses comuns, ligados a questões afetivas. Nesse sentido, entendendo que a pós-modernidade propiciou novos olhares, no que se refere à juventude e aos agrupamentos juvenis, essa pesquisa implica uma reflexão sobre a escola, como ambiente social dinâmico, constituindo-se um espaço de intercâmbio entre diferentes tribos e culturas juvenis. Dessa forma, buscamos problematizar aspectos que dificultam e/ou possibilitam a diversificação de metodologias em sala de aula, tendo como referência questões do cotidiano e principalmente as culturas juvenis. Entendemos que essa possa ser uma maneira eficiente de minorar índices de evasão e desinteresse pela aprendizagem, em relação aos alunos do ensino médio, considerando que uma das maiores queixas dos jovens é a dificuldade de estabelecer relações entre o conteúdo e o cotidiano. A pesquisa foi realizada em dois momentos: pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo. A pesquisa bibliográfica trata do estudo de autores que abordam a temática da pós-modernidade, juventude, culturas juvenis, tribos urbanas, bem como análise de dados relacionados à questão da evasão escolar e desinteresse pela aprendizagem, no que tange à temática da juventude e sua relação com a escola, estabelecendo um panorama do fenômeno no Brasil, Paraná e Cascavel. A pesquisa de campo compreende a coleta de dados, a partir da realização de entrevistas com dez professores e alunos, de duas escolas de ensino médio, da cidade de Cascavel. Nas entrevistas, foram levantadas questões referentes à juventude, evasão escolar, desinteresse e interesse pela aprendizagem, assim como sobre o uso do rap na escola. A análise dos dados tem como base os pressupostos da fenomenologia formista, de Michel Maffesoli. A partir dessa pesquisa, foi possível perceber que os alunos, em geral, apontam que utilizar o rap como um instrumento educativo, articulado aos conteúdos curriculares, pode ser um meio de propiciar o interesse pela aprendizagem. Em contrapartida, embora a maior parte dos professores afirme que o rap de fato possa ser considerado como um instrumento educativo, utilizado em sala, de forma a contribuir para o interesse dos alunos pela aprendizagem, poucos são aqueles que efetivamente já o utilizaram para trabalhar algum conteúdo. Isso nos leva a entender que, embora exista a compreensão de que o rap seja um instrumento educativo e colabore na apreensão dos conteúdos curriculares, despertando o interesse pela aprendizagem, isso acaba sendo mais um discurso do que de fato uma realidade, pois os professores não o utilizam em sua prática pedagógica.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-21T10:36:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 roselitasoaresdefaria.pdf: 761381 bytes, checksum: 8f31b347c146139987e2d711ab7dd9ed (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T02:06:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 roselitasoaresdefaria.pdf: 761381 bytes, checksum: 8f31b347c146139987e2d711ab7dd9ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T02:06:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 roselitasoaresdefaria.pdf: 761381 bytes, checksum: 8f31b347c146139987e2d711ab7dd9ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-14 / O presente trabalho tem como objeto discutir a evasão e permanência na educação de jovens e adultos em uma escola pública da rede municipal de Belo Horizonte. Objetiva, ainda, analisar como a gestão escolar pode contribuir para a identificação dos fatores que levam à evasão, bem como atuar para a sua diminuição elevando os índices de permanência e conclusão dos estudantes nessa modalidade. Trata-se, portanto, de um estudo de caso de uma escola que oferece a modalidade EJA de Ensino Fundamental desde 2002. Tal instituição apresenta uma trajetória de trabalho na busca pela qualidade nessa modalidade de ensino. No entanto, tem na evasão escolar um dos seus principais desafios. Este estudo se justifica pela necessidade concreta da escola de perceber como e de que maneira pode influenciar para aumentar a permanência dos seus alunos na instituição até a certificação e quais ações podem ser implementadas nesse sentido. Entender a dinâmica na qual o problema se dá contribuirá para a proposição de ações e definição da responsabilidade da gestão escolar na diminuição da evasão. A base teórica a ser desenvolvida está apoiada na constituição da EJA enquanto política pública e na necessidade de se definir em que consiste a qualidade de atendimento nessa modalidade de ensino. A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso, com os seguintes instrumentos: entrevista, análise documental, pesquisa bibliográfica e observação participante. Os dados coletados e a sua análise à luz do referencial teórico, constituíram a base para o plano de intervenção. O plano se pautou, principalmente, na atuação da gestão para mobilização e fortalecimento da equipe de trabalho visando a diminuir a evasão e constituir mecanismos sistemáticos de comunicação para o desenvolvimento de um trabalho atento às necessidades dos estudantes. / This work aims to discuss the dropout and retention in the young people and adults education (EJA) of students from a Belo Horizonte public school. It also aims to analyze how school management can contribute to the identification of factors that lead to students dropout, and how school management can increase the index of permanence of EJA students. This is a case study of a school which offers EJA elementary school since 2002. This institution has searched for quality work in EJA. However, the dropout has been one of its main challenges. This study is justified by the school's specific need to realize how far it can influence to increase the index of students' permanence in the institution and what actions can be implemented in order for this to happen. Understanding how this problem occurs will help the school to propose actions and setting it's responsibility in reducing dropout. The theoretical basis is supported by the establishment of EJA as a public policy and by the need to define what constitutes quality in this type of education. The methodology used was the case study, with the following instruments: interviews, document analysis, literature research and participant observation. The data collected and its analysis according to the theoretical framework is the basis for the intervention plan. The plan was based, primarily, on management's performance for: mobilization and strengthening of the team work; reducing dropout and provide systematic means of communication in a work attentive to the students’ needs.

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / The purpose of this thesis is to investigate patterns in educational enrollment and attainment in educational levels among women in South Africa. Some evidence from the literature suggest a slow increase in women's education and employment opportunities in South Africa. However, little is known about the way in which this slow pattern reflects at all levels and fields of education with special reference to the female population in South Africa. The thesis aims at examining changes of attainment in women's education from a sociodemographic perspective between 2004 and 2007. Factors affecting women's education in South Africa are also considered as they play major roles in women's enrollment and completion at school. The study focuses on women through different social and demographic attributes, by taking account of variables such as age, education attainment, geographic areas, population group to name but a few. All educational institutions are covered and two female groups are considered, women at school and women who left school. The study makes use of already existing data from General Household Survey conducted in 2004 and 2007 respectively, to bring some comparative perspective. The scope of the study is national in that, all the nine provinces are covered making distinction of rural and urban areas. / South Africa

How does the satisfaction (or the lack of satisfaction) of the innate need to have meaningful interpersonal relationships affects behavioural self-regulation? How does having/lacking interpersonal relatedness impact one’s perception of future interpersonal relationships? This doctoral dissertation aimed to answer these two fundamental questions by integrating the views of two complementary theories, need to belong theory (NBT; Baumeister & Leary, 1995) and self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000). Using a series of two laboratory experiments and one longitudinal study, this thesis examined the effects of social exclusion and inclusion on satisfaction of basic psychological needs, self-determined motivation, and self-regulation of behaviours. In Study 1 (N=72), social exclusion and inclusion were manipulated in order to examine their effects on the satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs proposed by SDT, that is the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Findings from this first experiment revealed that social exclusion decreases satisfaction of the three needs, whereas social inclusion increases satisfaction of these needs when compared to the control condition. Furthermore, significant differences were found between the exclusion condition and the inclusion condition for the reported levels of satisfaction of the needs for competence and relatedness. The effects of social exclusion and inclusion on basic needs satisfaction were further investigated in Study 2 (N=70); also, the second study examined how self-determined motivation and behavioural self-regulation are affected. More specifically, it tested whether participants’ persistence at a laboratory task, as well as their intentions for a future peer interaction (intentions to compete against a peer participant and intentions to collaborate with a peer participant) are influenced by social exclusion and inclusion, through the meditating effects of basic needs satisfaction and self-determined motivation. The results suggested that social exclusion, via the effects of basic needs and motivation decreases peer collaboration, whereas social inclusion was shown to have an opposite effect on peer collaboration. The effect of condition via the mediating effects of basic needs satisfaction and motivation failed to predict persistence at the task and peer competition. Lastly, Study 3 (N=624) assessed naturally occurring social exclusion and inclusion in a population of junior high school students. This third study investigated the independent contributions of SDT and NBT in the prediction of academic motivation and high school dropout. Peer relatedness, perceived needs support from parents, and perceived needs support from teachers were examined as potential predictors of academic motivation and high school dropout. Findings suggested that peer relatedness plays an important role in the prediction of academic motivation, but, that perceived needs support from parents and perceived needs support from teachers are stronger predictors of that outcome. Results from this study also revealed that peer relatedness contributes to the prediction of high school dropout, beyond what can be explained by academic motivation, perceived needs support from parents, and perceived needs support from teachers. However, perceived needs support from parents was shown to be the most essential predictor of high school dropout. In sum, findings from this doctoral dissertation suggested that social exclusion has detrimental effects on one’s motivation and behavioural self-regulation. In contrast, social inclusion fosters social support which promotes satisfaction of the basic psychological needs, self-determined motivation, and successful self-regulation. This doctoral thesis contributed to the application of SDT and NBT by comparing elements of the two complementary frameworks. It also offered an original contribution to research on social exclusion and inclusion by examining their impacts on self-determined motivation, and basic needs satisfaction, as well as testing them in both the laboratory setting and the natural setting.

Nedanstående systematiska litteraturstudie är en studie av forskning rörande hemmasittarproblematik i grundskolans senare skolår. Syftet för studien är att genom en systematisk litteraturstudie undersöka vilka arbetssätt och förhållningssätt som aktuell forskning lyfter fram som framgångsfaktorer för att bryta hemmasittarproblematik och främja närvaro och motivation hos elever i grundskolans senare år i riskzon för permanentad frånvaro och utebliven gymnasiebehörighet. Därtill är syftet att via en syntes av litteraturstudien visa på en möjlig arbetsgång för arbetet, inspirerad av relationell pedagogik och KASAM, med tonvikt på språklig tillgänglighet, samt att klargöra vilken roll specialläraren med inriktning språk-, läs och skrivutveckling kan ha i detta arbete, utifrån frågeställningen: Hur beskriver aktuell forskning beprövade tillvägagångssätt och framgångsfaktorer i arbetet med att bryta och/eller förebygga hemmasittarproblematik i grundskolans senare år? Hur förhåller sig dessa forskningsrön till KASAM? Hur kan en syntes av dessa rön och KASAM användas för att bidra till en helhetsförståelse av studerad problembild? Hur kan en sådan syntes sammanfattas i en möjlig arbetsgång? Hur kan speciallärare med inriktning språk-, skriv- och läsutveckling med utgångspunkt i dessa arbetssätt och framgångsfaktorer arbeta med motiverande, aktiverande och delaktighetsskapande insatser för att bryta och/eller förebygga hemmasittarproblematik, i en språkligt tillgänglig lärmiljö, där eleven uppmuntras att aktivt delta i samtalet kring sin utbildning? I analysen av 9 studier framkom sju olika teman i arbetet med vald elevgrupp. Dessa teman har analyserats utifrån en relationell ansats och infogats i en analysram, i form av KASAM, en teori kring hur tre kritiska faktorer, begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet, samverkar för att betinga individers resurser för att hantera svårigheter och utmaningar. Studiens mål är en analys av hur anpassningsarbete och stödinsatser kan arrangeras för att skapa optimala förutsättningar för skol-återgång och fungerande skolgång för studerad elevgrupp. Framkomna teman i analysen är: tidig kart-läggning, snabba insatser och samarbete med elevhälsan, fysisk lärmiljö, skolan som social mötesplats, språklig tillgänglighet och språklig inkludering, studie- och yrkesvägledarens roll, delaktighet, inflytande och individualisering, schemaläggning. I analysen påvisades en tydlig samverkan mellan olika teman i höjandet av KASAM, på ett sätt som tydliggör vikten av djupgående kunskaper om elevens helhetssituation och behov i skolmiljön, vikten av samarbete med elevhälsan och studie- och yrkesvägledare, vikten av arbetet med språklig tillgänglighet samt vikten av delaktighetsskapande samarbete med elev och vårdnads-havare. Tre teman löpte genom samtliga KASAM- faktorer, och framstod genomgående som centrala för höjandet av KASAM: tidig kartläggning, snabba insatser, samarbete med elevhälsan, delaktighet, inflytande och individualisering samt språklig tillgänglighet och språklig inkludering. Dessa teman, konstaterades det, kan ses som grundläggande vid arbetet med samordnade insatser för studerad elevgrupp. / Focus of current systematic review is on research regarding students with ESL (Early School Leaving) related problems in later years of elementary school. The aim is to, through a systematic review, examine research based working methods to counteract ESL and promote attendance and motivation in later years of elementary school, targeting permanent absence and risk of not achieving secondary competence. A further aim is to, through a synthesis of the results of the systematic review, propose a possible working procedure for this process, inspired by relational pedagogy and KASAM, emphasizing linguistic availability, describing the role of a remedial teacher with the specialized working field linguistic-, reading- and writing development in the process. How are proven methods and success factors in the halting/prevention of ESL in later years of elementary school described in research studied? How are these findings related to KASAM? How can a synthesis of research-based methods and success factors and KASAM contribute to an overall understanding of the problem studied? How can such a synthesis be summarized into a working procedure? How can a remedial teacher, with specialized working field linguistic-, reading- and writing development, work to motivate and activate students, increasing their involvement, identifying measures to halt or/and prevent protracted problematic absence in later years of elementary school, all in a linguistically available learning environment, encouraging the student to participate actively in a dialogue concerning her/his education? In the analysis of 9 studied works of research 7 themes were extracted. The themes were analyzed and merged into a theoretical frame, KASAM, a theory based on three critical factors: comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness, interacting in the creation of individual ability to cope with problems and challenges. The aim is an analysis of how the process of creating school adjustments and supportive structures could be outlined to create best possible conditions for return to and consistent attendance at school for the group of students studied. The themes presented are Early investigation of the students ́ needs, early support and cooperation with the student health group, Physical learning environment, Social interactions at school, Linguistic availability and linguistic participation, The role of the careers officer, Participation, influence and individualization, and Timetabling. The analysis concludes an intricate synergy between the themes, in theory raising the level of KASAM, highlighting the importance of thorough knowledge of the students ́ situation and needs, the significance of cooperation with the students ́ health group, the benefits of cooperation with a careers officer, and the importance of linguistic availability and close collaboration with student and legal guardian. Three themes emerged as especially important for all KASAM factors: Early investigation of the students ́ needs, early support and cooperation with the student health group, Linguistic availability and linguistic participation and Participation, influence and individualization. These themes are identified as crucial for support of the group of students studied.

Ce projet vise à déterminer si l’association présumée entre l’abandon des études chez les membres de la fratrie et le décrochage scolaire est plus ou moins forte en fonction de trois caractéristiques clés de la dyade, c’est-à-dire selon la correspondance des sexes (dyade de même sexe ou de sexe opposé), l’écart d’âge et le fait d’habiter ensemble ou non, à partir d’un échantillon d’adolescents canadiens (N= 545). Un tiers de l’échantillon est composé d’élèves ayant décroché de l’école secondaire, un second tiers d’élèves appariés ayant un profil semblable à celui des décrocheurs, mais ayant persévéré et d’un troisième tiers d’élèves normatifs. Les résultats montrent que les adolescents ayant un membre de la fratrie qui a décroché ont plus de chance de décrocher eux-mêmes que ceux dont la fratrie ne compte pas de décrocheurs. Cette association est plus forte lorsqu’il s’agit de dyades de mêmes sexes que de sexe opposé. De plus, les participants ayant un membre de leur fratrie décrocheur très proche en âge, c’est-à-dire avec un écart de deux ans et moins, ou assez proche en âge, c’est-à-dire avec un écart d’âge de trois à quatre ans, sont particulièrement à risque de décrocher, alors que les risques ne sont pas significativement plus élevés lorsque l’écart d’âge est plus grand, toujours comparativement à ceux sans décrocheurs au sein de la fratrie. Par contre, les résultats ne suggèrent aucun effet modérateur associé au partage ou non d’une résidence commune. Les implications des résultats pour la pratique et la recherche sont discutées. / The goal of this study is to determine whether the sibling dropout-adolescent dropout association depends on three key dyads’ characteristics, including: gender configuration (same-sex or opposite-sex dyad), age difference, and whether the adolescent and his or her dropout sibling live with in the same home or not. The data were collected from a sample of Canadian adolescents (N = 545). One-third of the sample consisted of students who had recently dropped out of high school, one-third were matched students who had a similar profile but persevered, and one-third were normative students not particularly at risk of dropping out. The results of the study show that adolescents with a sibling who has dropped out are more likely to drop out themselves than those with no siblings who have dropped out. This association is stronger when the dyads are of the same sex compared to opposite-sex dyads. In addition, participants who have a dropout sibling very close in age (with a gap of two years or less) or fairly close in age (with a gap of 3 to 4 years, are particularly at risk of dropping out, while the risks are not significantly higher when the age gap is larger, again compared to those without dropout siblings. However, the results do not suggest any moderating effects associated with whether or not a common residence is shared. The results’ implications for practice and research are discussed.

Ce mémoire examine le rôle modérateur de la consommation problématique de substances psychoactives (SPA), particulièrement de cannabis et d’alcool, sur le lien entre l’exposition à des stresseurs ponctuels ou chroniques et le décrochage scolaire. En tenant compte des modèles théoriques et des études empiriques existants, il était d’abord attendu que l’exposition récente à des stresseurs ponctuels ou chroniques ainsi que la consommation de cannabis soient indépendamment associées au décrochage scolaire. En plus de ces liens additifs, il était attendu qu’un effet synergique se produise, multipliant ainsi les risques de décrochage scolaire chez les élèves exposés à ces deux phénomènes simultanément. Ces hypothèses ont été testées auprès d’un échantillon d’adolescents (N = 545) âgés de 14 à 18 ans (M = 16,5; ÉT = 0,9) provenant de 12 écoles situées à Montréal et dans les régions avoisinantes. Cela, à l’aide de régressions logistiques contrôlant pour des variables potentiellement confondantes (p. ex. : niveau d’éducation parental). Les résultats obtenus démontrent un effet additif de la consommation de cannabis (rapport de cote [RC] = 1,46; intervalle de confiance à 95% [IC] = 1,18-1,79) avec l’exposition à au moins un stresseur ponctuel récent (RC = 1,82; IC = 1,91-2,78) ou avec l’exposition à au moins deux difficultés chroniques (RC= 2,49; IC = 1,44-4,29) sur le décrochage scolaire. Toutefois, la consommation d’alcool et le décrochage scolaire ne sont pas indépendamment liés, et aucune interaction n’a été observée entre les variables d’exposition au stress et de consommation problématique. Ces résultats sont discutés en considérant leurs implications théoriques et pratiques. / The aim of this project was to examine the role of substance abuse, specifically alcohol and cannabis, as a moderator of the link between a recent exposure to stress or chronic difficulties and school dropout. Based on theoretical models and empirical studies, we expected that recent exposure to short-term or chronic stressors and problematic cannabis use would be significantly and independently linked to school dropout in an additive way. We also expected a moderating effect of cannabis use on the link between stress and school dropout, multiplying the dropout risks among students exposed to both problems simultaneously. These hypotheses were tested among a sample of adolescents (N = 545) ages 14 -18 years of age (M = 16.5; SD = 9) recruited from 12 schools in and around Montreal, Canada. Also, control variables capturing potentially confounding factors (e.g., parental education) were integrated in multiple logistic regression models. Results showed that problematic cannabis use (RC = 1.46; IC 95% = 1.18-1.79) as well as the exposure to at least one recent stressful event (RC = 1.82; IC 95% = 1.91-2.78) or to at least two chronic difficulties (RC= 2.49; IC 95% = 1.44-4.29) were linked to high school dropout. However, problematic alcohol use was not significantly associated with high school dropout nor did the result show any moderating or interaction effect between the independent variables of interest. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

Le décrochage scolaire est un enjeu de taille en raison de ses coûts individuels et sociaux. Des études récentes suggèrent que celui-ci résulte non seulement de l’exposition à des facteurs de risque à long terme, mais aussi de l’exposition proximale à des évènements de vie stressants. Selon le modèle de sensibilisation au stress, le rôle précipitant apparent des stresseurs pourrait être exacerbé chez ceux ayant un historique d’adversité familiale. Cette étude visait à examiner cette hypothèse, en vérifiant d’abord (1) si l’exposition aux évènements stressants et la présence d’adversité familiale perdurant depuis l’enfance étaient directement associées au décrochage scolaire et ensuite (2) si ce type d’adversité exacerbait l’association entre l’exposition à des évènements stressants récents et le décrochage. Ces liens ont été testés auprès d’un échantillon (N = 545) d’adolescents âgés en moyenne de 16 ans (M = 16,5; ÉT = 0,9) surreprésentant les élèves ayant abandonné l’école secondaire avant la diplomation. Au-delà de facteurs confondants potentiels, les résultats suggèrent que les adolescents ayant récemment vécu des évènements de vie stressants sévères sont particulièrement à risque de décrocher, de même que ceux ayant vécu un type d’adversité familiale (ayant mené à un suivi avec la DPJ). Toutefois, les liens directs attendus n’ont pas été observés pour d’autres formes d’adversité familiale (p. ex., problèmes de santé mentale des parents), ni les liens de modération correspondant aux prédictions du modèle de sensibilisation au stress. Ces résultats partiellement concordant avec les hypothèses sont discutés en considérant leurs implications théoriques et pratiques. / High school dropout is a major issue due to its individual and social costs. Recent studies suggest that dropping out results not only from exposure to long-term risk factors, but also from proximal exposure to stressful life events. According to the stress sensitization model, this apparent precipitating role of stressor exposure should be exacerbated among those exposed to family adversity during childhood. The goal of this study was to test this hypothesis, by examining (1) whether exposure to stressful events and the presence of family adversity during childhood were directly associated with high school dropout, and (2) whether this kind of adversity exacerbated the association between exposure to recent stressful events and high school dropout. These associations were tested within a sample (n = 545) of youths aged 16 years old on average (M = 16.5; SD = 0.9) recruited in 12 public high schools located in and around Montreal and overrepresenting early school leavers. After accounting for potential confounders, adolescents who had recently experienced severe stressful life events were found to be more at risk of dropping out, as were those with a history of follow-up with child protection services. However, dropping out was not more frequent among adolescents exposed to other forms of family adversity, namely the presence of family crises and parental chronic mental health problems. Also, the expected sensitization effects were not observed in moderation analyzes. These results partially aligned with hypotheses are discussed in terms of theoretical and practical implications.

Divers modèles théoriques suggèrent que le soutien social peut modérer le lien entre l'exposition à des stresseurs et l'adaptation et la santé mentale (Pearlin et Bierman, 2013). En se centrant sur le lien entre l'exposition récente à des stresseurs et le décrochage scolaire, l’objectif premier de cette étude était d’examiner le rôle modérateur potentiel du soutien offert par les parents, les pairs, le personnel scolaire ou les professionnels de la santé mentale. L'objectif secondaire était de décrire les associations directes entre ces sources de soutien et le décrochage. L'échantillon (n = 545) était composé d'adolescents âgés de 14 à 18 ans (M = 16,5 ; ET = 0,9) de 12 écoles secondaires socio économiquement défavorisées de Montréal et de régions avoisinantes. Des associations bivariées positives entre le soutien des adultes à l'école et des professionnels de la santé mentale et le décrochage scolaire sont devenues non-significatives dans les modèles de régressions logistiques multiples incluant les deux variables indépendantes principales (exposition à des stresseurs et sources de soutien). En effet, dans ces modèles, aucune des sources de soutien n’était significativement associée au décrochage scolaire, en interaction ou directement. Ces résultats suggèrent que les adolescents exposés à davantage d’adversité ont reçu plus de soutien des adultes dans leur l'école et la communauté, mais que ce soutien n'était pas suffisant pour atténuer les impacts néfastes de l’adversité sur la persévérance scolaire ou réduire les risques de décrochage. Ainsi, en contexte d’adversité, le soutien social ordinaire pourrait ne pas être suffisant pour soutenir la persévérance. / Various theoretical models suggest that social support can moderate the impact of stressor exposure on adjustment and mental health outcomes (Pearlin & Bierman, 2013). This study examined whether support offered by parents, peers, school personnel, or mental health professionals moderated the association between recent stressor exposure and high school dropout. The secondary goal was to describe direct associations between these sources of support and high school dropout. The sample (n = 545) consisted of adolescents between 14 and 18 years old (M = 16.5; SD = 0.9) from 12 socioeconomically disadvantaged schools in Montreal and neighbouring regions. Positive bivariate associations between support from adults at school and from mental health professionals and dropout became non-significant in multiple logistic regression analyses including the two main independent variables (stressor exposure and sources of support). In fact, in these models, no form of social support was significantly associated with dropout, either in interaction or directly. These results suggest that adolescents with more needs received more support from adults in their school and community, but that this support was not sufficient to moderate the link between stressor exposure and dropout. Thus, it is possible that when the amount of adversity and stressors in students’ lives is too high, typical support might not be sufficient to buffer their deleterious impact on school engagement and dropout. Keywords: stress, social support, high school dropout, at-risk students, adolescence, moderation effect.