The introduction of environmental education in schools has been the focus of a long campaign worldwide since the late 1960s. The difficulties in teaching environmental education, including the choice of curriculum models, and the obstacles to changing contemporary schooling patterns have been well documented. The traditional process of new subject emergence has been detailed in the literature; whether or not environmental education should or could follow this traditional pattern of subject emergence in schools is the focus of this thesis. In Taiwan, the introduction of environmental education in junior high schools occurred as part of a nationwide curriculum change in 2002. This research used an interpretive approach to explore the views and practices of staff in three typical Taiwanese junior high schools at this time. The focus of the research was to study what happened at the level of classroom teaching and school development. The research program was designed to interview both administrators and teachers before, during and after the first year (2002 school year) of curriculum implementation in each of the three case study schools. Three rounds of interviews were conducted over a period of three years (Sept. 2001 - June 2004). As well as interviews, national and school documents were collected; and announcements and decisions from the Ministry of Education and schools were documented. Also, because the reform encouraged the development of school-based curriculum, a questionnaire was given to the one school which chose environmental education as their school-based curriculum in order to better understand the emergence of environmental education in this school. The findings show a paradox in Taiwanese junior high schooling: although each school placed considerable value on environmental education, the data showed that the introduction of environmental education via an infusion strategy during a time of national curriculum change had minimal impact in the three Taiwanese case study schools. A cross-case analysis indicated the reason for this failure was the lack of effectiveness of eleven supporting themes often discussed in the emergence of a new subject: the possibility of gaining external examination credit and entry to a university department; the prioritising of the subject in school timetabling and programming; the development of a systematic syllabus; the presence of proactive support from central government leadership; the provision of teacher professional development; the inclusion in the informal as well as the formal curriculum in a school; the inclusion of environmental education in non-formal education in society; the presence of clear subject characteristics and definition; the presence of substantial school-based material interests; the gaining of support from an external constituency, especially parents; and the presence of an emergence process that couples internal value evolution with external compulsion. The Taiwanese case studies raised three particular and additional themes for the emergence of environmental education, specifically: the need to set up long-term partnerships with local groups that have an interest in or responsibility for the local environment (e.g. societies, agencies and non-governmental organisations) to achieve local environment involvement; the need for a whole school approach through curriculum integration to achieve the transformative nature of environmental education; and the need to build up a sound cooperative network that includes people at all levels of the education system and society to achieve a national cooperation network. These three particular themes derived from the nature of environmental education as a holistic, integrative and interdisciplinary subject. In summary, the findings not only confirmed the themes important for the emergence of environmental education and other contemporary school subjects, but they also raised particular themes pertinent to the emergence of environmental education. When these three particular themes are not taken into account, the effective emergence of environmental education in contemporary schooling, as exemplified by Taiwanese junior high schools, will be difficult to achieve in mainstream education.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera vad elever uppfattar av utomhuspedagogik sett utifrån lärarens syn på utomhuspedagogik och hur denna tillämpas. Uppsatsen bygger på en elev-enkät till elever från åk 1 till åk 5 och fyra strukturerade intervjuer med lärare från samma skola som eleverna. Fyra intervjupersoner har svarat på frågor som handlar om utomhuspedagogiken och hur den tillämpas. Enkätens frågor handlade om hur eleverna upplever utomhuspedagogiken. Resultatet blev att elevernas och lärarnas svar överstämmer väl sinsemellan samt med teorin. Uppsatsen visar att de flesta elever samt intervjuade lärare tycker att det är bra att arbeta med utomhuspedagogik och att det är en tillgång för alla att skolan har olika sätt att lära ut. Utom-huspedagogiken hjälper eleverna fram till kunskap från teori till praktik och sammankopplar delarna till en helhet. / The purpose of this paper is to study what students perceive of outdoor education from the perspective of the teacher's approach to outdoor education and how this applies. The essay is based on a student questionnaire to students from Year 1 to Year 5 and four structured inter-views with teachers at the same school as the pupils. Four interviewees responded to questions related to outdoor education and how it is applied. The survey questions focused on how students experience outdoor education. The result was that students and educators responses are in close harmony with each other and with the theory. The paper shows that most students and interviewed teachers think it is great to work with outdoor education and that it is an asset to all the school has different ways of teaching. Outdoor education helps students to knowledge from theory to practice and connect-ing the parts into a whole.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-04-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:32:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_jr_me_rcla.pdf: 4196979 bytes, checksum: c5f45f119f457955b96a034ad14ecd06 (MD5) / O objetivo desta dissertação foi analisar duas coleções de livros didáticos de Matemática, destinadas ao Ensino Primário, publicadas nos períodos 1955-1967 e 1967-1973, respectivamente, visando produzir fatos históricos relativos à contextualização dessa produção didática em seu tempo de elaboração, destacando a importância desse instrumento pedagógico em pesquisas que consideram a trajetória do saber matemático numa perspectiva histórica. Nesse sentido, esse estudo se insere na linha de pesquisa História da Educação Matemática, que compreende as relações entre a História da Matemática e a Educação Matemática, e, mais especificamente, como parte do que Chervel (1990) denomina História das Disciplinas Escolares. Na perspectiva de constatar nessas obras, elementos que nos propiciassem condições de estabelecer as concepções de ensino e aprendizagem das suas autoras, bem como valores dominantes da cultura escolar nos respectivos períodos, efetuamos uma análise de conteúdo das obras selecionadas, considerando orientações teóricometodológicas de Bardin, em conjunto com reflexões propiciadas por Chartier e De Certeau quanto aos conceitos de materialidade, representação e apropriação, incluindo análise de legislação educacional, que nos permitiram verificar que a busca por representações sobre o ensino da Matemática e os modos de difusão dessas representações inscreve essa pesquisa também no âmbito da história cultural. / This dissertation analyzes two collections of mathematics textbooks, for Primary Education, published in the periods 1955-1967 and 1967-1973, respectively, to produce historical facts concerning the contextualization of this didactic production in its time of elaboration, highlighting the importance of this pedagogical tool in researches that consider the way of mathematical knowledge in a historical perspective. So, this study belongs to research line Mathematics Education History, which includes the relationship between the Mathematics History and Mathematics Education and, more specifically, as part of that Chervel (1990) calls School Subjects History. In the perspective to find in these literatures elements that give us conditions to establish the conception of teaching and learning of its authors, as well dominant values of the school culture in their periods, we have made an analysis of the content of the textbooks selected, considering theoretical and methodological guidelines of Bardin, together with reflections offered by Chartier and De Certeau regarding concepts of materiality, representation and appropriation, including analysis of educational legislation, which allowed us to verify that the search for representations on the Mathematics teaching and modes of dissemination of these representations include this research also in the cultural history level.

The present study investigates the School Subject Morals and Patriotic Education in Atheneu Sergipense in the 70s of the twentieth century. This study is connected to the theories and methodologies of School Subjects History and from the perspective of Cultural History. For the construction of this work were used scholars as a: André Chervel (l990), Ivor Goodson (2001, 1998, 1990), Dominique Julia (2001) and Viñao Frago (2008); beyond readings from the following sources: Documents of National Commission of Morals and Patriotic, Laws of Education, Records Book, Textbooks and writing activities. The investigation of the subject Morals and Patriotic Education in Atheneu Sergipense revealed that his teaching was connected to exposure of contents and patriotic practice. The content passed through the presentation of the patriotism, knowledge of the Brazilian State, as well as the creation of morals habits and behaviors. The surveys were conducted: in the Library and Archive of Atheneu Sergipense, in the State Corporation of Education of Sergipe and Dom Luciano José Cabral Library. / O presente trabalho investiga a Disciplina Escolar Educação Moral e Cívica no Atheneu Sergipense na década de 70 do século XX. Encontra-se vinculado aos pressupostos teóricometodológicos da História das Disciplinas Escolares e sob a perspectiva da História Cultural. Para a construção desse trabalho utilizou-se teóricos como André Chervel (l990); Ivor Goodson (2001, 1998, 1990); Dominique Julia (2001) e Vinão Frago (2008); além de leituras das seguintes fontes: Documento da Comissão Nacional de Moral e Civismo, Legislação de Ensino, Cadernetas Escolares, Livros Didáticos e atividades escritas. A investigação da disciplina Educação Moral e Cívica no Atheneu Sergipense revelou que o seu ensino estava entrelaçado a exposição dos conteúdos e prática cívica. O conteúdo perpassava pela apresentação do civismo, conhecimento do Estado Brasileiro, bem como, na construção de hábitos e comportamentos morais. As pesquisas foram realizadas: na Biblioteca e Arquivo do Atheneu Sergipense, no Conselho Estadual de Educação de Sergipe e na Biblioteca Dom Luciano José Cabral.

Cette thèse vise à éclairer les fonctionnements disciplinaires de l’évaluation formelle à l’école primaire. J’ai approché ces fonctionnements en observant les pratiques enseignantes, en analysant les documents qui servent de supports à l’évaluation et en interrogeant le vécu des élèves. J’ai ainsi élaboré une modélisation pour éclairer les composantes de l’évaluation et envisager les variations possibles des pratiques. J’ai aussi mis au jour la manière spécifique dont les disciplines sont construites au travers de l’évaluation, les caractéristiques disciplinaires des dispositifs mis en œuvre et enfin la manière dont les élèves vivent ces évaluations. L’approche de didactique comparée, au sein de laquelle je me situe, éclaire les variations selon les disciplines, voire les contenus évalués. Elle permet de préciser les images des disciplines construites par les pratiques évaluatives. / This thesis aims to explain how formal evaluation work depending on the school subject taught in primary school. For my study, I observed several teachers’ practices, analyzed the evaluation material, and interviewed the pupils about their evaluation experiences. Then, I developed a model which highlights the different steps of an evaluation and allows an analysis of all possible variations in practices. I also presented the specific structure of each school subject, still from the evaluation angle, the specific evaluation methods used according to the subject, and the pupils’ perception of these evaluation. The comparative didactics approach I adopted allowed me to point out variations in the different school subjects, or even in the evaluated content. In the end, with this approach I was able to gather a global picture of each school subject based on the evaluation practices.

[pt] O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar alguns aspectos históricos da disciplina escolar Sociologia, no período de 1928 a 1936, na Escola Normal do Distrito Federal, atual Instituto Superior de Educação do Rio de Janeiro (ISERJ), no momento em que foi introduzida no currículo, por meio da reforma empreendida por Fernando de Azevedo em 1928, e seu percurso nos primeiros anos, após as mudanças que ocorreram com a posse de Anísio Teixeira na Diretoria de Instrução Pública em 1931, quando a Escola passa a se tornar Instituto de Educação. Para alcançar tal propósito, a metodologia utilizada foi a análise documental das diferentes fontes do período estudado, com destaque para aquelas do acervo do Centro de Memória da Educação Brasileira, localizado no ISERJ. O principal referencial teórico adotado foi a tradição inglesa da História das Disciplinas Escolares, tendo como referência a obra de Ivor Goodson, que entende currículo como um processo político, social e que, portanto, não é possível entendê-lo como conhecimento puro, descontextualizado. Foi possível analisar os programas das disciplinas Sociologia e Sociologia Educacional, relacionando-os com os movimentos e teorias educacionais em voga nas décadas de 1920 e 1930. / [en] The present study aims to identify and analyze some historical aspects of the school discipline Sociology, from 1928 to 1936, at the Escola Normal do Distrito Federal, currently the Instituto Superior de Educação do Rio de Janeiro (ISERJ), at the time it was introduced in the curriculum, through the reform undertaken by Fernando de Azevedo in 1928, and his path in the early years, after the changes that occurred with the ownership of Anísio Teixeira in the Directorate of Public Instruction in 1931, when the School became the Instituto de Educação . To achieve this purpose, the methodology used was the documentary analysis of the different sources of the studied period, with emphasis on those from the collection of the Centro de Memória da Educação Brasileira, located at ISERJ. The main theoretical framework adopted was the English tradition of the History of School Disciplines, having as reference the work of Ivor Goodson, who understands curriculum as a political, social process and, therefore, it is not possible to understand it as pure, decontextualized knowledge. It was possible to analyze the programs of the Sociology and Educational Sociology disciplines, relating them to the educational movements and theories in vogue in the 1920s and 1930s.

In my thesis is focused on the development of the reading literacy to primary school across the curriculum. The aim of my thesis is to explore the possibilities of development of the reading literacy in all school subjects and across them and identify or solve the obstacles in the process. In the individual chapters of the theoretical part it defines the key terms literacy, reading literacy, school subjects and reading. I am trying to present reading literacy as a means to understand the various relationships between the general phenomena and as an input to various educational fields. It presents here the different methods specific to the development of the reading literacy. In the practical part deals with the development of the reading literacy across the curriculum and across them. The focus is mainly on subjects czech language and literature, mathematics, man and his world, art and music. The practical part consists of two parts. The first part contains processed responses of teachers from the survey and the second part contains the results of the work of pupils from the learning process. The practical part of my thesis provides a variety of examples from practice to the development of the reading literacy across the curriculum. Further, there are the possibilities of the development of the...

Centrée sur les évolutions des enseignements techniques vers les sciences de l’ingénieur, la thèse présente et discute le processus de disciplinarisation de la technologie industrielle. Les bouleversements contemporains dans les classes de lycée en révèlent la phase d’achèvement. L’analyse didactique et historique depuis la Libération, menée principalement à partir de l’étude des prescriptions et des discours repère les évolutions et les ruptures, à l’aide d’un modèle d’étude curriculaire qui focalise les missions, l’organisation (administrative et pédagogique) et l’enseignement (contenus et méthodes). Trois grandes périodes sont mises en évidence : 1) la configuration de l’enseignement technique (1945-1958), son développement et sa structuration ; 2) la secondarisation de l’enseignement technologique (1959-1984) et son incorporation dans le système éducatif unifié ; 3) la disciplinarisation de la technologie (1985-2012), sa graduelle organisation curriculaire verticale et sa nouvelle désignation sciences de l’ingénieur. Inscrite dans une dynamique à la fois sociopolitique, économique et institutionnelle, la disciplinarisation de la technologie dans l’enseignement long semble principalement déterminée par ses missions d’augmentation des qualifications. Ce long processus est marqué par l’élaboration de contenus enseignables que révèle l’étude de l’évolution de l’analyse fonctionnelle. De l’organe de machines aux systèmes pluritechnologiques, les modifications des contenus se cristallisent successivement en huit couches paradigmatiques. Au-delà de la mise au jour du processus de disciplinarisation de la technologie qui ouvre la discussion avec les travaux disponibles sur d’autres enseignements, la thèse met à disposition une histoire inédite de l’enseignement technique ainsi que les sources nécessaires pour de nouvelles recherches et indispensables pour saisir et porter les bouleversements contemporains. / The PhD presents and argues that the industrial technology is becoming an academicsubject. In high schools, the contemporary changes bring to light the final phase. The didactic and historical analysis, mainly led by the study of official regulations and speeches, tracks down the evolutions and the changes, by means of a model of examination of the school disciplines focusing on the missions, the organization (administrative and educational) and the education (the programs and the methods).Three main periods are identified: 1) the configuration of the technical education (1945-1958), its development and its structure; 2) the blending of the technology in high schools (1959-1984) by the unification of the education system; 3) the technology as an academic subject (1985-2012) from the primary school to the university, newly named the engineering sciences. This process comes within socio-political, economic and institutional context and is mainly defined by its missions of increasing qualifications. The examination of the functional analysis tools, employed to study the technical systems, reveals the elaboration of teachable contents. The contents changes, from the machines organ to the multitechnological systems, have been built one after the other, according to eight paradigms. On the one hand, the PhD reveals the process of "disciplinarization" of the technology and opens the discussion on the available researches about others disciplines. On the other hand, the PhD provides an original history of the technical education, the necessary sources for new researches and for understanding and supporting the contemporary changes.

Esta pesquisa contextualiza a formação da disciplina escolar Língua Portuguesa, as transformações ocorridas no ensino de literatura e investiga os discursos que circulam em documentos curriculares oficiais voltados para o ensino de língua portuguesa sobre o conceito de literatura. Para tanto, analisa-se o currículo de literatura para o ensino médio, etapa final da educação básica no Brasil, a partir das discussões propostas pelas teorias pós-críticas do currículo, sobretudo pelos Estudos Culturais e Multiculturalismo Crítico, além das formulações de Foucault sobre as formações discursivas e os mecanismos que (des)autorizam a emergência de enunciados. São foco da investigação documentos curriculares oficiais de âmbito nacional, particularmente os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais Ensino Médio Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias (MEC, 2000), as Orientações Educacionais Complementares aos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais PCN+ Ensino Médio Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias (MEC, 2002), as Orientações curriculares para o ensino médio: linguagens, códigos e suas tecnologias (MEC, 2006) e a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (MEC, 2018). A pesquisa indica que, nos documentos oficiais, o discurso oficial se sobrepõe aos discursos pedagógicos e acadêmicos. Quanto ao ensino de literatura, nota-se um movimento de deslocamento de o que e por que se ensina, procurando-se abarcar não apenas o estudo de obras canônicas, social e culturalmente valorizadas. Especificamente em relação aos conceitos de Literatura/literatura, e de literário e não literário, duas formações discursivas coexistem: a primeira, ligada à tradição escolar e aos saberes hegemônicos do cânone literário; e a segunda, associada a saberes não hegemônicos, cujos textos nem sempre tiveram o estatuto de obra literária / This research contextualizes the formation of the Portuguese language school discipline, the transformations occurred in the teaching of literature and investigates the discourses that circulate in official curricular documents aimed at the teaching of Portuguese language on the concept of \"literature\". The literature curriculum for high school, the final stage of basic education in Brazil, is analyzed from the discussions proposed by the post-critical theories of the curriculum, especially by Cultural Studies and Critical Multiculturalism, in addition to Foucault\'s the discursive formations and the mechanisms that (des)authorize the emergence of statements. National Curricular Parameters - Secondary Education - Languages, Codes and their Technologies (MEC, 2000), the Complementary Educational Guidelines to National Curricular Parameters - PCN + Secondary Education - Languages, Codes and their technologies (MEC, 2002), Curricular Guidelines for High School: languages, codes and their technologies (MEC, 2006) and the National Common Curricular Base (MEC, 2018). The research indicates that, in official documents, official discourse overlaps pedagogical and academic discourses. As for literature teaching, there is a movement of displacement of \"what\" and \"why\" is taught, seeking to encompass not only the study of canonical works, socially and culturally valued. Specifically in relation to the concepts of Literature / literature, and literary and non-literary, two discursive formations coexist: the first, linked to the school tradition and the hegemonic knowledge of the literary canon; and the second, associated with non-hegemonic knowledge, whose texts have not always had the status of literary work

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:32:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiola Matte Bergamin.pdf: 10575747 bytes, checksum: 5432897e8b85a197d5168be190fd160b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work intended to accomplish a comparison between the competencies and skills for History as school subject existent in the National Evaluation of the Secondary Level ENEM and the competencies and skills proposed by the National Curricula Standards (PCNEM and PCN+). The aim was to observe the changes and the endurances during 1998 to 2011, regarding the conception of History present in the exams, as well as analyze the National Evaluation of the Secondary Level ENEM´s reformulations in order to verify if it can considered an instrument that reflects the implementation of the National Curricula Standards (PCNEM and PCN+). Finally, there´s the inquiring if ENEM´s reformulations are related to the Ministry of Education and the federal universities´ demands. Official documents, particularly the PCNEM and PCN+, and the questions from ENEM were the main sources investigated. Concepts of curriculum developed by Goodson (2012), Gimeno Sacristán (1998) e Apple (1982), and concepts of school subject and humanities elaborated by Chervel (1999) were used to base the documental analysis / Este trabalho visou realizar um cotejamento entre as Competências e Habilidades para a disciplina escolar História presentes em questões do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) e as Competências e Habilidades propostas pelos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio (PCNEM) e as Orientações Educacionais Complementares aos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN+). Pretendeu-se observar as mudanças e permanências no período de 1998 a 2011 no que diz respeito à concepção da disciplina História presente nas provas, além de analisar as reformulações do ENEM a fim de averiguar se ele pode ser considerado um instrumento que reflete a implementação dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio e das Orientações Educacionais Complementares aos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais no território nacional. Por fim, questiona-se se as reformulações do ENEM estão voltadas para as exigências do MEC, juntamente com a Associação Nacional dos Dirigentes das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior. Documentos oficiais, em especial os PCNEM e os PCN+, e as provas do ENEM foram as principais fontes investigadas. Para fundamentar a análise documental, foram utilizados como referenciais teóricos os conceitos de currículo desenvolvidos por Goodson (2012), Gimeno Sacristán (1998) e Apple (1982), além dos conceitos de disciplina escolar e humanidades, elaborados por Chervel (1999)