Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Educação em Ciências: Química da Vida e Saúde, Instituto de Educação, 2012. / Submitted by EDUARDO PENA (edupenaa@hotmail.com) on 2012-11-17T16:54:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AS PRÁTICAS CORPORAIS DE LUTAS PELA ORDEM DO.pdf: 500025 bytes, checksum: e575dc40ddad37d3ebd0195f9733fd0a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2012-11-17T17:51:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AS PRÁTICAS CORPORAIS DE LUTAS PELA ORDEM DO.pdf: 500025 bytes, checksum: e575dc40ddad37d3ebd0195f9733fd0a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-17T17:51:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AS PRÁTICAS CORPORAIS DE LUTAS PELA ORDEM DO.pdf: 500025 bytes, checksum: e575dc40ddad37d3ebd0195f9733fd0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo problematizar a constituição das Lutas enquanto um saber produzido pelo discurso científico, no qual a Educação Física se apóia. Diante da proliferação de significados atribuídos a essas práticas corporais, tanto dentro quanto fora do cenário acadêmico, chama a atenção o quanto elas são atravessadas por um sentido educativo. Assim, esta pesquisa se configura num processo de escrita-pensamento estruturado em dois artigos. O primeiro movimento (artigo I) é dedicado a identificar e problematizar como essas práticas corporais são produzidas enquanto um saber que compõe a Educação Física brasileira, a partir do que se fala sobre o tema no âmbito acadêmico. Desse modo, com base num exercício de análise discursiva, inspirado nas pesquisas do filósofo Michel Foucault e nas contribuições da teoria enunciativa em Dominique Maingueneau (1997), foi possível elencar as principais formações discursivas que orientam a discussão sobre Lutas dentro da Educação Física. Já o segundo movimento (artigo II) trata de problematizá-las através da constituição das formas de pensamentos lançados a elas, em diferentes momentos da construção da Educação Física brasileira. Por meio de um exercício genealógico, essas práticas aparecem como mais um instrumento produzido para pedagogizar corpos. Em conjunto, os dois artigos demonstram alguns movimentos de pesquisa e deslocamentos analíticos, escolhidos na tentativa de perseguir e evidenciar alguns elementos da construção dessas práticas corporais, a partir de um filtro de regimes de verdades que as colocam na ordem do discurso científico. No contexto geral, esta dissertação tenta contribuir para uma atitude de estranhamento do que, muitas vezes, é tomado tranquilamente como verdade. / This thesis aims to discuss the constitution of the fights while a knowledge produced by scientific discourse, in which physical education is based. Given the proliferation of meaning attributed to these bodily practices, mutually within and outside in the academic setting, draws attention to how much they are crossed by an educational sense. Thus, this research sets in a process of writing- thinking structured in two articles. The first movement (Article I) is dedicated to identify and discuss how these body practices are produced as a knowledge that compose the Brazilian Physical Education, from what is said about the topic in the academic area.Thus, based on exercise of discursive analysis, inspired in the researches by the philosopher Michel Foucault and the contributions of the theory of enunciative by Maingueneau Dominique (1997), it was possible to list the main discursive formations that guide the discussion about fights within the Physical Education. The second movement (Article II) comes to discuss them through the creation of thought forms issued to them at different times of the construction of the Brazilian Physical Education. By means of a genealogy’s exercises, these practices appear as another tool produced to educated bodies. Together, the two articles demonstrate some movements and displacements of the analytical research, chosen in an attempt to chase and highlight some elements of the construction of these body practices, from a filter of truth regimes that put them in the order of scientific discourse. In the general context, this dissertation attempts to contribute to an attitude of suspect that often is taken as truth quietly.

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Blind's autonomous cosmopolitanism is in four distinct layers. The first layer is her unusual everyday family background in the transition from Jewish tradition to the life of European revolutionaries in the 1840s and exile in Britain. The second layer is Blind's mental and moral development under Friederike's care and educational guidance according to the German concept of Bildung. The third layer comes from Mazzini's challenge for Blind to critically evaluate her German cultural heritage and the moral danger in the well-intended German concept of self-cultivation. Blind derives the fourth layer of her autonomous cosmopolitanism from Darwin's theory of evolution and Buckle's argument for a scientific approach to history. Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection postulates sexual autonomy of the individual organism as a pre-condition for evolution by natural selection. Buckle's argument for a scientific approach to the study of history extends this concept by observing that the variety of geographical conditions around the globe gives rise to a diversity of cultures. The concept of social evolution is then anchored in the nature of interdependence between the individual and her society as it changes over time. Overall, my argument is that Blind's contribution to Victorian cosmopolitanism is to write about controversial subjects and to transcend ideological polarizations. She does this by transferring socio-political topics from the public domain into the intimacy of making "an immediate sensuous contact" with the individual reader. Her aim is to touch her reader's heart and to trust in her reader's ability and social will to care rather than to teach her about the individual poet's particular ideas of what should be done to solve problems.

Este trabalho investiga as relações entre Psicologia e ciência, especificamente quais são as concepções - explícitas e implícitas - que a Psicologia tem de ciência. Apesar da diversidade e riqueza de teorias, dos inegáveis avanços e conquistas teóricas e profissionais, das várias comunidades científicas bem constituídas, há ainda presente na área um mal estar e incerteza em relação ao seu estatuto científico. Dentre os possíveis obstáculos existentes à consolidação e reconhecimento amplo da Psicologia como área de conhecimento legítimo e maduro, destacam-se duas condições epistemológicas que nortearam a discussão sobre sua cientificidade: em um primeiro momento, a não adequação aos critérios normativos típicos de uma noção de ciência inspirada pelo positivismo lógico; e no segundo, o pluralismo teórico que a marca fortemente não atende a um critério de consenso e uniformidade que, a partir da epistemologia historicamente orientada de Thomas Kuhn, passou a ser uma das possíveis referências para reconhecer a cientificidade e maturidade de um campo teórico. O estudo, a partir do conceito de imagens de ciência, inspirado principalmente a partir da historiografia da ciência proposta por Paolo Rossi, elege como objeto de análise os possíveis jogos combinatórios que se estabelecem entre as ideias e discursos produzidos pela área a respeito do que se considera que seja a ciência e os critérios de cientificidade a serem atendidos. A pesquisa conclui o quanto os critérios de cientificidade e as imagens de ciência são dependentes da historiografia da ciência, e que a própria história de outras disciplinas científicas tomadas como ideais é muito mais plural do que se supõe usualmente. Finaliza propondo que se possa partir de um conceito mais amplo e multifacetado de ciência para fundamentar e conduzir a discussão sobre a cientificidade da Psicologia / This paper investigates the relationship between psychology and science, specifically wich are the conceptions explicit and implicit that psychology have as science. Despite the diversity and richness of theories, the undeniable advances and theoretical and professional achievements from various scientific communities well established, there is still present in the area a malaise and uncertainty over its scientific status. Among the possible obstacles to the consolidation and broad recognition of psychology as a legitimate area of expertise and mature knowledge, we highlight two epistemological conditions that guided the discussion of its scientificity: at first, typical non suitability criteria of a normative science concept inspired by logical positivism; and in the second, the theoretical pluralism that mark it and does not meet a strong criterion of consensus and uniformity which, from the historically oriented epistemology of Thomas Kuhn, has become one of the possible references to acknowledge the scientificity and maturity of a theoretical field. The study, based on the concept of images of science, inspired mainly from the historiography of science proposed by Paolo Rossi, chooses as the object of analysis possible combinatorial games that are established between the ideas and discourses produced by the area, about which is considered to be science and the scientific criteria to be met. The research concludes how the scientific criteria and the images of science are dependent on the historiography of science, and that history from other scientific disciplines taken as ideal is much more pluralistic than is commonly supposed. It Concludes proposing that we can start from a broad and multifaceted concept of science to support and lead the discussion about the scientific status of psychology

La pornographie fait partie du paysage de notre société. Le processus de massification qui s'est produit, essentiellement des années 1970 à nos jours, l'a progressivement conduit à devenir une industrie culturelle colossale soulevant des questions relatives aux discours dont elle est la matière (professionnels du secteur de production, journalistes, profanes, politiques, etc.). La pornographie est un objet social et culturel, relevant d’enjeux économiques, politiques et esthétiques, et semble de fait avoir gagné en légitimité au sein-même de la recherche scientifique durant cette dernière décennie. Instituée en courant de pensée ici (porn studies anglo-saxonnes), en sous-champ de recherche là (pornographie lesbienne, etc.), ce « nouveau » terrain de recherche pourrait bien constituer un prolongement des études sur le genre et la sexualité. C’est ce processus de mutation d’un objet marginal vers un objet conforme au système académique que nous nous proposons d’élucider dans cette thèse. Ce travail a pour but de réhistoriciser l’émergence des différents travaux français s’attachant à la question de la pornographie. L’élaboration de cette cartographie permettra d’une part, de découvrir le noyau et la constitution des études de la pornographie en France, et d’autre part, de dépeindre l’aspect communicationnel propre à la construction, à la mutation et à la transmission du savoir. Ces processus apparaissent alors tant dans les relations qu’il est possible d’établir entre différents champs scientifiques, que dans la circulation des savoirs propres à la science en train de se faire. Cette recherche pourrait d'ailleurs avoir un apport heuristique quant aux études d’ores et déjà menées depuis les années 1980 en sociologie ou en histoire des sciences, quant à l’émergence de nouvelles disciplines, de nouveaux champs et objets de recherche / Pornography is part of the landscape of our society. Starting in the 1970s, a process of massification has gradually led pornography to become a huge cultural industry, raising questions about the discourse of which it is the subject (production professionals, journalists, laymen, politicians etc.). Pornography is a social and cultural object with economic, political and aesthetic relevance and consequently seems to have gained legitimacy even within scientific research over the last decade. Established as a trend of thought on one hand (referred to in the English-speaking world as Porn Studies) and a research subfield on the other (lesbian pornography etc.), this "new" research field could certainly follow on from Gender and Sexuality Studies. This doctoral thesis proposes to clarify the process by which a marginal object is transformed into an object that fits into the academic system. The work aims to reconstitute the historical context in which the various French research projects relating to pornography emerged. The development of this historical map will allow us to explore the core of Pornography Studies in France and how they were constituted on one hand, and to describe the specific communicational aspects of knowledge construction, transformation and transmission on the other. These processes appear both in the possible relations between different scientific fields and in the flow of knowledge specific to the science that is in the making. This research could also make a heuristic contribution to studies that have already been carried out since the 1980s in Sociology or History of Science about the emergence of new disciplines and new research fields and topics

This research project discusses the construction of human nature in the medical-scientific discourse of the second half of the nineteenth century in three different works from the Naturalism movement: O Homem (1887), by the Brazilian author Aluísio Azevedo; Sin Rumbo (1885), by the Argentinian Eugenio Cambacérès Alaias; Los pazos de Ulloa (1886), by the Galician author Emilia Pardo Bazán. My arrival at this topic -the human condition in medical-scientific discourse- developed from reading The Political Technology of Individuals (1982), where Michel Foucault affirmed that the art of governing people at the turn of the nineteenth century is based on the observation of the nature of governed subjects (149). Thus, my endeavor is to answer some of the questions raised by Foucault’s claim such as: how is the human subject portrayed in the medical-scientific discourse, and what status is it given? Hence, I begin my analysis with La Psychologie comme science naturelle: son présent & son avenir (1876), a theoretical text developed within the medical-scientific framework, and whose author Joseph Delboeuf was a member of the Nancy School, founded in 1882. This text was cited in La cuestión palpitante by Emilia Pardo Bazán, a work in which the notion of being is depicted as a split into two dimensions: the physical and the subjective. Many authors, like Charles Taylor in Source of the self. The making of the modern identity (1989), for example, have observed this historical and uniquely modern phenomenon, I attempt to focus on the consequences of this process of the division of human nature, such as the institutionalization of a diseased state of self, as well as the death of God and being, and finally, the restoration of Catholic tradition contra medical-scientific discourse. / Este trabalho problematiza a construção da natureza humana no discurso médico-científico da segunda metade do século XIX em quatro diferentes obras: O Homem (1887), do escritor brasileiro Aluísio Azevedo, Sin Rumbo (1885), do argentino Eugenio Cambaceres, La cuestión palpitante (1883) e Los pazos de Ulloa (1886), ambas da escritora espanhola Emilia Pardo Bazán. O tema em questão surgiu da leitura de The Political Technology of Individuals (1982), no qual Michel Foucault afirma que o fundamento da arte de governar, que surge no final do século XVIII, seria a observação da natureza daqueles que são governados (149). A partir desta sentença, procuramos responder algumas questões, por exemplo: como o discurso médico-científico tratou o indivíduo no nível da linguagem e qual passou a ser seu status. Nesse sentido, inciamos nosso trabalho com um texto teórico desenvolvido no âmbito das ciências médicas, de Joseph Delboeuf (1831-1896), membro da escola de Nancy fundada em 1882: La Psychologie comme science naturelle: son présent & son avenir (1876), citado por Emilia Pardo Bazán em La cuestión palpitante, no qual o ser é dividido em duas diferentes dimensões, a física e a subjetiva. Muitos autores, como Charles Taylor em Source of the self. The making of the modern identity, tem observado este histórico e singular fenômeno moderno. Entretanto, dedicamo-nos às consequências deste evento, como a instituição de uma natureza doentia do ser, a morte de Deus e a do próprio homem, bem como o resgate da tradição sagrada contra o discurso médico-científico. / text

Ce projet doctoral élabore une méthodologie qui tente de dévoiler ce que dit le rédacteur de l'article scientifique en géologie à propos de son travail de terrain, mais sans le dire explicitement : le " silence textuel ". La méthode consiste en l'analyse linguistique du " texte " (un corpus de 106 comptes rendus de terrain) par opposition au " contexte ", afin d'en faire émerger le sens caché et le non-dit. Le contexte est analysé de manière qualitative: (1) une étude socio-historique (1700-1995) de l'importance du terrain dans la culture géologique, et spécifiquement en France à partir de 1900 ; (2) une étude ethnométhodologique des pratiques et des valeurs d'un groupe de géologues de terrain francophones ; et (3) l'analyse d'une série de recontextualisations d'un travail de terrain, qui se transforme progressivement en publication. Cette transformation montre l'influence de la communauté scientifique sur la façon dont l'écrit produit sur le terrain se conforme progressivement aux conventions écrites de la communauté scientifique.

Šios disertacijos tikslas – išanalizuoti mokslo populiarinimo diskursą anglų ir lietuvių kalbomis multimodaliuoju aspektu. Multimodalioji analizė – pakankamai nauja diskurso analizės prieiga, kai analizuojama ne tik kalba, bet ir kitos raiškos priemonės (pvz., paveikslėliai, nuotraukos, diagramos). Taigi šiame tyrime analizuojami dominuojantys neverbaliniai (nejudantys paveikslėliai) ir verbaliniai elementai (autoriaus požiūrio raiška, intertekstualumas ir interdiskursyvumas). Analizė parodė, kad nuotraukose ir paveikslėliuose vaizduojami stereotipai (pvz., stereotipiškai vaizduojamos profesijos, lytys ar nevakarietiškos kultūros). Taip pat atskleidžiama, jog vaizdinių raiškos priemonių funkcijos skiriasi: nuotraukos ir paveikslėliai ne tik informuoja, bet ir atlieka tarpasmeninę, estetinę, naratyvinę ar kitas funkcijas. Santykis tarp teksto ir vaizdo irgi nevienareikšmis: jis varijuoja nuo glaudaus, kai tekstu aprašomi vaizdiniai aspektai, iki pakankamai atsieto, kai tarp raiškos priemonių nėra aiškaus tiesioginio ryšio. Labiausiai dominuojančių verbaliųjų bruožų analizė atskleidė, kad autoriaus požiūrio raiška mokslo populiarinimo straipsniuose anglų ir lietuvių kalba ženkliai nesiskiria. Pagrindinis skirtumas pastebimas lyginant mokslo populiarinimo ir akademinį diskursą. Anglų kalba daugiau autoriaus požiūrio bruožų vartojama akademiniame diskurse, o lietuvių kalba – jų daugiau kaip dvigubai daugiau mokslo populiarinimo diskurse. Pastebėta, jog anglų mokslo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of this dissertation is to analyze popular scientific discourse in English and Lithuanian from a multimodal perspective. Multimodal analysis is a comparatively new approach to discourse analysis which discusses not only language but also other modes, such as pictures, photos, videos, or graphs. Thus, the present investigation combines the analysis of non-verbal (non-moving images) and verbal elements (the author’s stance, intertextuality, and interdiscursivity), which appeared to be the most dominant modes in both languages. The analysis has revealed that the visual mode typically shows stereotypes depicted in pictures or photos (e.g., stereotypes of professions, gender, or non-Western cultures). The present investigation also demonstrates that the functions of the visual mode are varied: pictures and photos serve not only the informative, but also interpersonal, aesthetic, narrative, and other functions. The relationship between the textual and the visual is not homogeneous as it varies from very close when the textual describes the visual to a looser one when there is no direct relationship between the modes. The analysis of the verbal mode has revealed that the expression of the author’s stance is not very different in English and Lithuanian. The main difference can be observed when comparing popular scientific and academic discourse. In English more author’s stance features are used in academic discourse, while in Lithuanian they are used more than twice in... [to full text]

Este trabalho investiga as relações entre Psicologia e ciência, especificamente quais são as concepções - explícitas e implícitas - que a Psicologia tem de ciência. Apesar da diversidade e riqueza de teorias, dos inegáveis avanços e conquistas teóricas e profissionais, das várias comunidades científicas bem constituídas, há ainda presente na área um mal estar e incerteza em relação ao seu estatuto científico. Dentre os possíveis obstáculos existentes à consolidação e reconhecimento amplo da Psicologia como área de conhecimento legítimo e maduro, destacam-se duas condições epistemológicas que nortearam a discussão sobre sua cientificidade: em um primeiro momento, a não adequação aos critérios normativos típicos de uma noção de ciência inspirada pelo positivismo lógico; e no segundo, o pluralismo teórico que a marca fortemente não atende a um critério de consenso e uniformidade que, a partir da epistemologia historicamente orientada de Thomas Kuhn, passou a ser uma das possíveis referências para reconhecer a cientificidade e maturidade de um campo teórico. O estudo, a partir do conceito de imagens de ciência, inspirado principalmente a partir da historiografia da ciência proposta por Paolo Rossi, elege como objeto de análise os possíveis jogos combinatórios que se estabelecem entre as ideias e discursos produzidos pela área a respeito do que se considera que seja a ciência e os critérios de cientificidade a serem atendidos. A pesquisa conclui o quanto os critérios de cientificidade e as imagens de ciência são dependentes da historiografia da ciência, e que a própria história de outras disciplinas científicas tomadas como ideais é muito mais plural do que se supõe usualmente. Finaliza propondo que se possa partir de um conceito mais amplo e multifacetado de ciência para fundamentar e conduzir a discussão sobre a cientificidade da Psicologia / This paper investigates the relationship between psychology and science, specifically wich are the conceptions explicit and implicit that psychology have as science. Despite the diversity and richness of theories, the undeniable advances and theoretical and professional achievements from various scientific communities well established, there is still present in the area a malaise and uncertainty over its scientific status. Among the possible obstacles to the consolidation and broad recognition of psychology as a legitimate area of expertise and mature knowledge, we highlight two epistemological conditions that guided the discussion of its scientificity: at first, typical non suitability criteria of a normative science concept inspired by logical positivism; and in the second, the theoretical pluralism that mark it and does not meet a strong criterion of consensus and uniformity which, from the historically oriented epistemology of Thomas Kuhn, has become one of the possible references to acknowledge the scientificity and maturity of a theoretical field. The study, based on the concept of images of science, inspired mainly from the historiography of science proposed by Paolo Rossi, chooses as the object of analysis possible combinatorial games that are established between the ideas and discourses produced by the area, about which is considered to be science and the scientific criteria to be met. The research concludes how the scientific criteria and the images of science are dependent on the historiography of science, and that history from other scientific disciplines taken as ideal is much more pluralistic than is commonly supposed. It Concludes proposing that we can start from a broad and multifaceted concept of science to support and lead the discussion about the scientific status of psychology