The sustainability and continued development of the chemical industry is to a large extent dependent on learning from past incidents. The failure to learn from past mistakes is rather not deliberate but due to unawareness of the situation. Incident databases are excellent resources to learn from past mistakes; however, in order to be effective, incident databases need to be functional in disseminating the lessons learned to users. Therefore, this research is dedicated to improving user accessibility of incident databases. The objective of this research is twofold. The first objective is improving accessibility of the database system by allowing the option of word search as well as folder search for the users. This will satisfy research needs of users who are aware of the hazards at hand and need to access the relevant information. The second objective is to activate the database via integration of the database with an operational software. This will benefit research needs of users who are unaware of the existing hazards. Literature review and text mining of Major Accident Reporting System (MARS) database short reports are employed to develop an initial taxonomy, which is then refined and modified by expert review. The incident reports in MARS database is classified to the right folders in the taxonomy and implemented in a database system based on Microsoft Excel, where the users can retrieve information using folder search as well as word search option via a user friendly interface. A program coded in JAVA is prepared for integrating the incident database with a Management of Change (MOC) software prototype. A collection of keywords on hazardous substances and equipment is prepared. If the keywords exist in the MOC interface, they will be highlighted, and with the click of a button, will return up to ten relevant incident reports. Using an active and knowledge-based system, people can learn from incidents and near-misses and will be more active to reduce the frequency of recurring incidents.

Šiame darbe buvo išanalizuota keletas paieškos sistemų, bei įvardinti jų privalumai bei trūkumai. Palygintos sistemos kūrimo technologijos. Tai įvertinus buvo sukurta informacijos paieškos sistema elektroninėje bibliotekoje (eLABa). Jos pagrindinis privalumas yra tai, kad paieška vykdoma ne tik tarp dokumento metaduomenų (aprašo), bet ir dokumento tekste. Eksperimentiškai buvo nustatytas galimas paieškos vykdymo optimizavimas. / This system is invented to help people search for the e. documents in FEDORA repository. The system has following features: indexing of Fedora FOXML records, including the text contents of data streams and search in the index. There is possibility to registered users to save results in the history page, and to do repeated search if you want. Also you can go directly to e. document after you have made search.

This essay is about testing the validity of an article written by Jonas Löwgren, called The use qualities of digital design. The study we have executed is about testing the featured qualities of digital design in the article on two search systems located in the library of Stockholm University and Södertörn University respectively to see how they are able to be applied on search systems. To acquire the information for the study, we handed out a written inquire among users of those systems. The result of this quantitative study shows us that many that five of Löwgrens qualities is likely to be present on the systems. Our conclusion is that five of these are appliable on search systems. More research in the field is required to find out more about qualities of other systems.

Mittelständische und große Unternehmen sehen sich durch die rasant fortschreitende Digitalisierung von Medien und Kommunikation mit dem Problem konfrontiert, ihre Daten konsistent und logisch strukturiert zu verwalten. Häufig wird dieses Problem durch verteilte Strukturen (Filialen, Zweigstellen, Zulieferer, mobile Mitarbeiter) noch verstärkt. Die häufig verwendeten zentralisierten Strukturen (Server, Datenbanken) sind zudem ein wesentlicher Angriffspunkt für die Systemsicherheit und erfordern großen Aufwand zu ihrer Wartung und Aktualisierung.

檔案整合目錄檢索系統是利用單一介面檢索多種檔案資料庫，旨在於鼓勵大眾能更普遍知道檔案價值並應用檔案，系統設計者應考量使用者的使用需求。有鑑於目前「檔案資源整合查詢平台(ACROSS)」為國內檔案目錄查詢之重要窗口，故本研究選擇ACROSS系統作為研究個案，融合Jakob Nielsen的優使性五大構面及十項評估準則，由使用者角度探討其優使性，包括記憶性、學習性、容錯性、效率性與滿意度等五個面向。 　　本研究採用問卷調查法及訪談法蒐集使用者對ACROSS系統之意見，優使性問卷發放對象為北部七間大學的歷史碩博士班學生；訪談對象為十位歷史碩博士班研究生，訪談內容包括對系統之看法、建議及滿意程度，以了解其主觀想法。 　　本研究結論根據整體優使性評估結果，分析使用者針對「檔案資源整合查詢平台」(ACROSS)介面的正反面意見如下： 　　使用者感受較正面的功能：(1) ACROSS系統介面各選項功能與操作步驟容易記憶，不需反覆摸索，即能在短時間內，利用該系統順利查檢所需資訊。(2) ACROSS系統架構容易理解，畫面區塊分割情形簡單明瞭。(3) ACROSS系統有助於使用者發現新資訊與獲得新想法。 　　使用者反應值得改善的功能：(1) ACROSS系統介面字體顏色大小與首頁資源分類應提供較為明顯的彈性調整。(2)ACROSS系統使用指引或錯誤說明品質有待提升。(3) ACROSS系統可視使用者需求彈性調整檢索條件。(4)使用者有檢索需求時會先選擇自身熟悉的檢索工具，而以ACROSS系統作為補充輔助之用。(5) ACROSS系統可因應國際化趨勢，增設英文、日文或是繁簡轉換介面。(6) ACROSS系統無法取代個別資料庫檢索介面。 　　根據研究結果，另提出四點建議：(1) 改善ACROSS系統之檢索功能與檢索結果之呈現。(2) 以使用者為需求作為整合檢索系統設計主要考量。(3) 落實ACROSS系統整體行銷概念，提昇網站使用的品質與數量。(4) ACROSS系統主管機關可依據優使性評估結果改善系統功能。 / Integrated search system on archives performs simultaneous searches across heterogeneous archival electronic resources through a single entry. In order to allow the public to know value of archives and use archives, the system designers should pay attention to users' needs. Because of the importance of Archives Cross Boundaries on archival search system for Taiwan, this study aims to investigate the usability of Archives Cross Boundaries, and to understand users’ viewpoints toward this system. Five structural perspectives and ten assessment criteria from Jakob Nielsen were analyzed: memorability, learnability, efficiency, error frequency and severity, and Satisfaction. This study evaluated history graduate students’ perceptions of usability and satisfaction of Archives Cross Boundaries. The methodology in this study includes Questionnaire survey and In-depth interview. Questionnaire data were collected from department of History graduate students of seven universities in northern Taiwan. Ten history graduate students were chosen as Interview subjects. In-depth interview was used to collect data, including views on the system, suggestion, and degree of satisfaction. The results were summarized from positive and negative views of the analysis of the user interface for Archives Cross Boundaries as follows: The positive function of users’ feelings :(1) Each option features and the steps of Archives Cross Boundaries easy to remember, and users can find information fast without operating system repeatedly. (2) The architecture of Archives Cross Boundaries is easy to understand, and screen block segmentation situation is clear. (3) The system helps users discover new information and new ideas. The improvable function of users feelings :(1)The font color and home resource classification should provide significant flexibility to adjust.(2) Guidelines or error description of the quality should be improved. (3) Archives Cross Boundaries should be in accordance with user needs flexibility to adjust the search criteria. (4) Users will choose familiar search tool first, and Archives Cross Boundaries as the use of supplementary aids. (5) For responding to international trend, Archives Cross Boundaries can be added to English, Japanese or character conversion interface. (6) Archives Cross Boundaries can’t replace individual search function completely. Based on the findings, and the other put forward four suggestions:(1) Improving the presentation of the search functions and search results of the Archives Cross Boundaries.(2) Integrated retrieval systems to user needs as the main design considerations.(3) The implementation of Archives Cross Boundaries as a whole marketing concept to enhance the quality and quantity of website use. (4) The competent authorities of Archives Cross Boundaries may improve system functionality based on the results of the assessment of the usability.

Devant des collections massives et hétérogènes de données, les systèmes de RI doivent désormais pouvoir appréhender des comportements d'utilisateurs aussi variés qu'imprévisibles. L'objectif de notre travail est d'évaluer la façon dont un même utilisateur verbalise un besoin informationnel à travers un énoncé de type « expression libre » (appelé langage naturel) et un énoncé de type mots-clés (appelé langage de requêtes). Pour cela, nous nous situons dans un contexte applicatif, à savoir des demandes de remboursement des utilisateurs d'un moteur de recherche dédié à des études économiques en français. Nous avons recueilli via ce moteur, les deux types d'énoncés sur 5 années consécutives totalisant un corpus de 1398 demandes en langage naturel et de 3427 requêtes. Nous avons alors comparé l'expression en tant que tel du besoin informationnel et mis en avant ce qu'apportait, en termes d'informations et de précisions, le recours à l'un ou l'autre du langage utilisé. / With the massive and heterogeneous web document collections, IR system must analyze the behaviors of users which are unpredictable and varied. The approach described in this thesis provides a comparison of the verbalizations for both natural language and web query for the same information need by the same user. For this, we used data collected (i.e. users' complaints in natural language and web queries) through a search engine dedicated to economic reports in French over 5 consecutive years totaling a corpus of 1398 natural language requests and 3427 web queries. Then, we compared the expression of the information need and highlighted the contributions in terms of information and clarification, the use of either language used.

透過數位博物館具有良好資訊組織和經過管理的數位資源，應用於支援數位學習具有極高的發展潛力。而將資訊架構概念導入數位博物館網站設計，有助於發展更優質之數位博物館網站，促使使用者以更有效率的方式取得所需要的典藏資源，達到數位博物館支援終身學習的目的。本研究以Morae 人機互動分析軟體觀察學習者利用數位博物館輔助學習之學習歷程，並經由學習歷程分析探討數位博物館支援數位學習過程中，學習者單獨以數位博物館資訊架構中的組織系統、搜尋系統，以及利用組織系統搭配搜尋系統輔助完成學習任務，對於學習成效、認知負荷、學習效率與任務達成時間的影響差異。 研究結果顯示：(1)搭配使用組織系統及搜尋系統與使用組織系統學習者的學習成效顯著優於使用搜尋系統的學習者；(2)使用搜尋系統的學習者在認知負荷上顯著高於搭配使用組織系統與搜尋系統的學習者；(3)搭配使用組織系統與搜尋系統的學習者在學習效率上顯著高於使用搜尋系統的學習者；(4)使用組織系統的學習者在任務達成時間上顯著高於使用搜尋系統的學習者；(5)搭配使用組織系統與搜尋系統的圖像視覺型學習者在認知負荷上顯著高於口語聽覺型學習者；(6)圖像視覺型的學習者搭配使用組織系統與搜尋系統，在學習成效上高於使用搜尋系統；(7)使用組織系統、搜尋系統與搭配使用組織系統與搜尋系統高資訊焦慮學習者的認知負荷顯著高於低資訊焦慮學習者；(8)高資訊焦慮學習者使用搜尋系統在認知負荷上顯著高於搭配使用組織系統與搜尋系統 最後，根據研究結果，本研究亦提出數位博物館資訊架構輔助數位學習的教學建議，也針對「自然與人文數位博物館」的網站資訊架構設計提出建議。

Mittelständische und große Unternehmen sehen sich durch die rasant fortschreitende Digitalisierung von Medien und Kommunikation mit dem Problem konfrontiert, ihre Daten konsistent und logisch strukturiert zu verwalten. Häufig wird dieses Problem durch verteilte Strukturen (Filialen, Zweigstellen, Zulieferer, mobile Mitarbeiter) noch verstärkt. Die häufig verwendeten zentralisierten Strukturen (Server, Datenbanken) sind zudem ein wesentlicher Angriffspunkt für die Systemsicherheit und erfordern großen Aufwand zu ihrer Wartung und Aktualisierung.