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This thesis presents students relationship to the nature education at primary school or at lower secondary school level and shows the primary school role in life of students. Further there are investigated reasons for the popularity of natural history, respondent's relationship to teachers and to different types of teaching activities. A part of this thesis was to create a questionnaire which was assigned to high school students in the city of České Budějovice. The questionnaire result assessment was performed in combination of graphical and table forms with the additional text comment providing a clearer reading comprehension.

En stor fråga i skolans värld är vilken kunskap eleverna ska undervisas på och hur eleverna ska utvecklas. En annan fråga är hur lärare ska bedöma eleverna för att försäkra sig om att ämneskunskap och ämnesförmågor som att tillämpa, analysera och värdera begreppskunskapnår fram till eleverna.Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur skriftliga provfrågor ställs inom ämnet samhällskunskap på gymnasienivå. Vidare vill jag titta på vilka kunskaper kommer till uttryck i skriftligt prov. Studien kombinerar kvantitativ och kvalitativ metoder för att undersöka lärarens uppfattning om vilka kunskapsformer som dominerar i skriftliga prov och uppfattningar om denna typ av prov. Resultatet visar beroende på vilket område/ moment som ska examineras varierar kunskapsformer från faktakunskap, begreppskunskap till förståelse och analysförmågan. Resultatet visar även att fokus på vilka kunskaper ska testas beror på vilken betygsnivå eleven testas på. Vid betyget E-nivå är fokus på att förklara fakta och begrepp medan på C-nivå och A-nivå ligger fokus på att förstå, redogörelse och analyserande frågor.

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Abstract This study investigates Swedish upper-level pupils’ attitudes to grammar and grammar education. The study aims to explain what the pupils believe constitutes grammar and their views of its usability as well as attitudes towards grammar education. The research method is qualitative interviews with seven pupils from a school in Sweden. The theoretical framework combines grammar and sociolinguistics. The results indicate that the pupils associate grammar with terminology which has no connection to their own language usage. Therefore, they have a hard time seeing the use of grammar. Furthermore, the pupils describe different types of grammar usage depending on context. They use one kind of grammar in formal contexts and another is used informally and their attitude towards them differs. The pupils regard the informal grammar as useable and permissive and the formal usage as more correct and standardising. Regarding grammar education, the results show that the pupils mainly have encountered isolated grammar education although they indicate signs of integrated education where the grammar is incorporated in writing tasks. In accordance with other research results, the pupils’ attitudes towards integrated grammar education is more positive than when grammar is taught as an isolated element. The study also indicates that the pupils are more likely to find grammar useful when integrated with writing tasks as it allows them to see their knowledge instantly.

This study was aimed at finding reasons for nonparticipation in sport by black learners at secondary school level. It was carried out with a group of grade 9 to 12 learners who do not participate in sport at secondary schools in black townships. A nonparticipation in sport at secondary school level questionnaire was developed to measure the most important reasons for nonparticipation. Among the reasons learners cited were lack of sport facilities, political factors, social factors and factors related to self-image. Social circumstances were found to be intimately linked and overlapping with political circumstances. For learners coming from impoverished backgrounds, sport comes a very poor second. Based on the results of the study, a number of recommendations were made for education managers and sport administrators. Contributions of the study were highlighted and suggestions for further research made. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

Text in Afrikaans / In the performing arts (music, dance and drama) affective factors do not only play a role during the performance of a work, but are present from the moment when a work is selected up to the completion of the performance. In order to analyse the continuous presence of affective factors in the performing arts, a literature study was undertaken in which the affective requirements of music, dance and drama works in different style periods were identified. The affective implications of adolescent development in a performing arts context were also researched. The most important affective factors which can influence the arts learner seem to be motivation, stress, anxiety and self-concept. A questionnaire was developed to measure these factors in a music, dance and drama context. An empirical investigation was carried out involving 297 learners. With the data obtained from the empirical investigation the reliability and validity of the questionnaire could be determined. Norms were also developed for the questionnaire. Hypotheses on the role of affective factors in the performing arts were tested statistically. The hypotheses dealt with the underlying relationship between the different affective factors, the role of affective factors in the different performing arts, the development of affective factors during the secondary school years, the relationship between affective factors and achievement in an art field as well as the role of other variables such as gender, social relations and home circumstances. Recommendations were made to teachers, parents and learners. The recommendations are aimed at the enhancement of motivation and self-concept as well as the reduction of anxiety and stress. / Teacher Education / D.Ed.

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