針對近年來消費者從被動地由廠商給予到主動搜尋產品資訊的趨勢，本研究欲探討網路口碑效果影響消費者在面對不同種類產品時所產生的認知差異與偏好的改變。 過去探討網路口碑對消費者的影響往往著重於網路口碑本身的性質，諸如口碑的傳播路徑、口碑所在網站的社群關係或是參考團體的影響力等。然而在網路口碑的傳遞過程當中，除了作為訊號的網路評論之外，還有發訊者：產品及重要的口碑接受者：消費者這兩方。為補足過去研究網路口碑效果的缺陷，本研究希望結合三方的觀點一併探究網路評論的類型、產品類型與消費者類型之間的影響關係，及是否會有任何交互作用的產生。 研究方法以問卷方式進行，樣本選擇經常上網人口的大宗：大學生為主要受測對象，並以ANOVA及t檢定探討網路口碑對於消費者是否有顯著的影響。大部分的研究假設皆受到支持，總合研究結果如下： 1. 評論的正負、產品與消費者類別對於消費者產品態度、評論有用度及影響度皆有獨立的顯著影響 2. 評論的正負、產品與消費者類別等兩兩變數之間甚至是三個變數之間有交互作用產生，而使口碑傳播的結果或有不同。廠商在執行網路行銷活動或面對不同目標市場的消費者時應採取適當的因應辦法，以達到市場有效率的目的。 / The trend of receiving product information given passively by firms has been changed to actively searching the information by consumers. The purpose of this study wants to find out the effects of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) to differences in consumer’s cognition and preference changes. In the past, the research of eWOM always focused on the characteristics of eWOM, like spreading path, the community relationship or the influence of reference groups etc.. However, eWOM not only includes e-comments, but the sender of the comments. To make up the gap of the past researches, this study wants to combine different product categories, types of comments and types of consumers and explore their influences to each other and potential interactions. This study distributes questionnaires to frequent internet users: college students and uses ANOVA and t test to examine the regression model. The major findings are as the followings: 1. Different product categories, comment types and consumer types each have independent influences on consumer’s attitude and cognition. 2. The interactions effects of different product categories, comment types and consumer types influence the eWOM effect and consumer’s attitude. Firms should select appropriate internet marketing methods corresponding to their target consumers in order to achieve market efficiency.

The ability to use tools is one of the hallmarks of intelligence. Tool use is fundamental to human life and has been for at least the last two million years. We use tools to extend our reach, to amplify our physical strength, and to achieve many other tasks. A large number of animals have also been observed to use tools. Despite the widespread use of tools in the animal world, however, studies of autonomous robotic tool use are still rare. This dissertation examines the problem of autonomous tool use in robots from the point of view of developmental robotics. Therefore, the main focus is not on optimizing robotic solutions for specific tool tasks but on designing algorithms and representations that a robot can use to develop tool-using abilities. The dissertation describes a developmental sequence/trajectory that a robot can take in order to learn how to use tools autonomously. The developmental sequence begins with learning a model of the robot's body since the body is the most consistent and predictable part of the environment. Specifically, the robot learns which perceptual features are associated with its own body and which with the environment. Next, the robot can begin to identify certain patterns exhibited by the body itself and to learn a robot body schema model which can also be used to encode goal-oriented behaviors. The robot can also use its body as a well defined reference frame from which the properties of environmental objects can be explored by relating them to the body. Finally, the robot can begin to relate two environmental objects to one another and to learn that certain actions with the first object can affect the second object, i.e., the first object can be used as a tool. The main contributions of the dissertation can be broadly summarized as follows: it demonstrates a method for autonomous self-detection in robots; it demonstrates a model for extendable robot body schema which can be used to achieve goal-oriented behaviors, including video-guided behaviors; it demonstrates a behavior-grounded method for learning the affordances of tools which can also be used to solve tool-using tasks.

À la fin des années ’90, les modes de consommation et de production qui caractérisent l’industrie télévisuelle subissent une transformation de taille. Parce qu’elle a su s’appuyer sur les nouveaux médias et explorer de nouveaux horizons, l’industrie télévisuelle a complètement changé de visage. Les programmes télévisés – autrefois linéaires et conçus pour un public indifférencié – ont considérablement changé, bouleversant de ce fait même les habitudes des téléspectateurs. L’émergence des nouvelles technologies et la sophistication de la demande ont contraint l’industrie à développer de nouveaux concepts, en misant de plus en plus sur des produits forts singuliers, complexes sur le plan narratif. Les meilleurs sitcoms sont aujourd’hui conçus comme des objets hybrides, influencés tout à la fois par les engouements et les phénomènes populaires, la télé-réalité et le documentaire. C’est le cas de la défunte série Arrested Development, encensée par la critique pour son originalité et son impertinence. L’exubérance histrionique, l’éclatement du récit, l’humour autoréférentiel et l’intertextualité ont fait la réputation de cette série culte, devenue très influente dans le monde des séries télévisées. Ces éléments remarquables – décriés par les premiers commentateurs qui les trouvaient perturbants – montrent que l’avènement de pratiques nouvelles au sein de l’univers télévisuel a radicalement transformé l’expérience du téléspectateur. / At the end of the 1990’s, the television industry experienced drastic changes to consumption and production practices. Through the exploitation of new media and exploration of new horizons, the industry has undergone a complete transformation. The nature of television programs, which were traditionally linear and designed for a general audience, has changed considerably too, deeply affecting the experience of the viewers. With the emergence of new technologies and the sophistication of public demand, the industry has to rely on brand new concepts, henceforth developing unique and complex narratives. Some of the best sitcoms are now designed as hybrid products, influenced by cultural fads, popular phenomena, reality shows and documentaries. Praised by viewers and critics for its unconventional format, the television show Arrested Development is characterized by its histrionic exuberance, non sequitur storytelling, self-referential lines and intertextuality that have become very influential in contemporary television. This television product contains unique features – considered by contemporary commentators as being somewhat disruptive and controversial – which show how the advent of new practices within the television industry has ultimately transformed the viewer’s entire experience. / Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version électronique de ce mémoire a été dépouillée de ses documents visuels. La version intégrale du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Thesis (M.S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Family Studies and Social Work, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-27).

Is there a world in G. W. F. Hegel's The Phenomenology of Spirit? This is the central question my doctoral thesis aims to address. Both scholars and philosophers alike tend to consider Hegel a thinker who, having formulated the philosophy of absolute spirit, has surrendered the world. Despite this suspicion, the consciousness finds itself at nearly every level of Hegel's oeuvre in a place called "the world". At every stage, the world changes its shape - along with the consciousness - but its function seems to remain the same. The world is a conception of totality; thus, the world is an object of the consciousness that, by definition, surpasses the consciousness and thus reveals its limits. This moment of a "worldly" estrangement is especially pronounced as the consciousness sets itself into action. One of the most recurring motives in Hegel's The Phenomenology of Spirit is the inability of the consciousness to realize its intentions as planned. The consciousness fails to recognize itself in the deed, and thus devises strategies to distance itself from the deed. In my interpretation, this testifies that the deed is the door to the world, and obviously this world is not one that would be in the power of the consciousness. Instead, it is the consciousness that needs to subordinate itself to the deed...

Submitted by Glauber Assunção Moreira (glauber.a.moreira@gmail.com) on 2018-08-23T14:33:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoPRONTA28.03.2015.pdf: 6104376 bytes, checksum: dbca7727e9dabe6edb4007d6ac6f1bb1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elane Valverde Madureira (elaneval@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-08-24T15:26:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoPRONTA28.03.2015.pdf: 6104376 bytes, checksum: dbca7727e9dabe6edb4007d6ac6f1bb1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T15:26:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoPRONTA28.03.2015.pdf: 6104376 bytes, checksum: dbca7727e9dabe6edb4007d6ac6f1bb1 (MD5) / RESUMO Este mergulho na Arte-Educação, especificamente na Dança-Educação foi elaborado com a ajuda das práxis no ensino da dança pela autora desde os 15 anos de idade e dos estudos da Psicologia Humanista desenvolvida por Eric Berne na época da segunda guerra mundial que culminou na elaboração sistematizada da Teoria da Análise Transacional (AT). Esta teoria veio popularizar, nesta época, o conhecimento e reconhecimento de processos psicológicos inconscientes que norteiam a vida humana. Assim, utilizou-se nas práxis de nove dos dez instrumentos elaborados para a aplicação desta teoria como forma de descobrir-se bloqueios ou entraves psicológicos que impedem o dançarino, alunos do 3º Grau da Universidade Federal da Bahia, de seguirem um caminho otimizado na busca do conhecimento da profissão escolhida. Este estudo foi elaborado sob a coordenação da autora, de psicoterapeutas que cooperaram direta ou indiretamente no processo de conhecimento da Teoria, de uma Professora e Funcionária da Escola e de um grupo de alunos que se dispuseram a ajudar e a experimentar essa teoria que nos leva a descobrir comportamentos arraigados que bloqueiam o corpo que dança. Tendo trabalhado com esta Teoria e estudando-a através de cursos específicos na Clínica Bio’s e de seminários, particularmente por 4 anos consecutivos, a autora criou, com este grupo de pessoas, este experimento. / ABSTRACT This look into Art Education, specifically into Dance Education, relates to the praxis in teaching dance by the author carried out since she was 15 years old, and to studies in humanistic psychology developed by Eric Berne during the second world war that culminated in the systematic development of the theory of Transactional Analysis (TA). This theory came to popularize at that time the knowledge and recognition of unconscious psychological processes that guide human life. With university students of the Federal University of Bahia, we used the praxis of nine of the ten tools designed for the application of this theory as a way to discover if blockages or psychological barriers were interfering the dancer's capacity to follow an optimized path in the search for knowledge in their chosen profession. This study was prepared under the coordination of the author, with other psychotherapists, a teacher and a technician of the Dance School and a group of students who were willing to help and to experiment with this theory, in the attempt to discover ingrained behaviors that block the dancing body. The author created this study and experiment in conjunction with studies in courses at Bio’s Clinic and in seminars of TA for four consecutive years.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:12:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6325.pdf: 920868 bytes, checksum: 58062f900291895b5f3831523da0038b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-04 / The purpose of this thesis is to examine the problem of the consciousness in the Critique of pure reason, specially the concept of consciousness of the Self, and the determination of the internal sense through consciousness. We will follow Kant s indication that there is a clear distinction of the knowing subject in a passive and an active dimension we believe that this distinction does not convert the knowing subject into a being possessing two different and irreconciliable parts. Opposing to this view, we want to, defend that Kant s distinction concerns two ways, the objective and the subjective dimensions, of considering the knowing subject. At first, we will analyze the subjective passive dimension; here we underscore the internal sense and his pure form, time, along with the difficulties that come from the interpretations about the internal sense in Kant. Secondly, we discuss the objective dimension of the knowledge; we given attention here to Kant s conception of Self-consciousness and Consciousness. In this part, we consider the necessary concepts for comprehending this issue, in particular, the concept of Transcendental Apperception, the I thin. We take into account the numerical identity of the consciousness and Kant s analysis of the Self-consciousness. Finally, in the third part, we focus on the issue of how the understanding as a self-consciousness determines the internal sense. This point, as we intend to show, requires a close examination of the transcendental synthesis of imagination and its implication to the comprehension of the different modes of the internal sense. This analysis, we believe, shows that the subject, in Kant s philosophy, far from being characterized by a duplicity of parts or faculties of an real or concrete subject, is only one and the same subject considered in its double dimension: the subjective and the objective sides concerning the same subject, that is, two distinct acts from the same consciousness, which is the self-consciousness. / O propósito desta tese é examinar o problema da consciência na Crítica da Razão Pura de Kant, em especial o conceito de consciência de si e a determinação do sentido interno pela consciência. Seguiremos as indicações do próprio Kant, que faz uma distinção clara do sujeito do conhecimento, segundo uma dimensão passiva e outra ativa, na produção do conhecimento. Essa clara divisão, acreditamos, não cinde o sujeito em um duplo irreconciliável, mas caracteriza os modos, isto é, as dimensões objetiva e subjetiva do sujeito cognoscente. Analisaremos em um primeiro momento a dimensão passiva do sujeito, isto é, o sentido interno e sua forma, o tempo e as dificuldades advindas das interpretações sobre o sentido interno em Kant. No segundo momento, faremos uma discussão sobre a dimensão objetiva do conhecimento, isto é, a consciência de si e todos os conceitos que se fazem necessários para a sua compreensão, como por exemplo, apercepção transcendental, eu penso, identidade numérica da consciência e uma descrição do que é, para Kant, a consciência de si. Por fim, no terceiro momento, a tarefa a que nos propomos é a demonstração de como o entendimento, como consciência de si, determina o sentido interno. Para isso, discutiremos a síntese transcendental da imaginação para uma compreensão dos modos de determinação do sentido interno. Com esta demonstração acreditamos que o sujeito em Kant não se caracteriza por uma duplicidade, mas como um sujeito que tem uma dupla dimensão, a saber, subjetiva e objetiva que se caracterizam como atos de uma mesma consciência, a consciência de si.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-07-01T14:08:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1401604 bytes, checksum: f0cd4d45f87ff7f17a46f9c37caf5ef3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-01T14:08:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1401604 bytes, checksum: f0cd4d45f87ff7f17a46f9c37caf5ef3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Le débat philosophique contemporain sur la “altérité” a donné lieu à des recherches diversifiées. Les “déconstructions” entreprises par la “postmodernité” n’ont pas encore de réussite définitive. La “critique faible” des “fondements metaphysiques” peut être résumée dans la métaphore suivante: “premièrement ils nous donnent des ailes ensuite ils nous ôtent le ciel”. Devient pertinente la critique de G.W. Hegel (1770-18310) au modèle solipsiste de fundamentation de la moderne philosophie de la subjectivité; une fois qu'il comprend la genèse des subjectivités comme essentiellement la genèse de leur sociabilité, enracinée dans une liberté solidaire et reconnue simultanément; le “problème de l’identité e da difference” sur le thème de “l'unité différenciée”. La large production intellectuelle de ce philosophe, et la “structure” de corrélation dialectique de sa pensée et de ses écrits nous renvoie toujours à la perspective de la totalité. De cette façon, notre recherche ont comme objectif genérál l’aprehénsion et l’exposition critique, à partir de la possibilité d'une approche ontologique-existentielle du Moi hégélienne, des concepts de la Conscience-de-Soi et la Reconnaissance, dans leur mouvements propre constitutive, développement et devenir en tant que “l'Esprit”, placé dans la “Dialectique de la Reconnaissance”, comme ils apparaissent dans la Phénoménologie de l'Esprit (1807), de Hegel, notamment dans le chapitre IV. Ainsi, nous supposons qu'une investigation d'intérêt académique sur ces questions est justifiée et coïncide avec les exigences de la société actuelle, à contribuer au développement des “lectures” plus compréhensive des préoccupations de l'homme et de la femme contemporains et les relations sociales complexes qui impliquent la constant “décision de reconnaissance” dans les modes d'efficacité de Si au monde ; dans l'émergence de la figure des “affinités sélectives”. / The hodiernal philosophical debate about the “alterity” raises disparate investigations. “Deconstructions” operated by the “post-modernity” have not obtained and do not intend a success definitive. And the “weak criticism” of the metaphysical foundations could be summarized by the following metaphor: “first they gave us wings and then they steal the sky”. It is pertinent the criticism of G. W. F. Hegel (1770-1831) to the model solipsistic of substantiation of modern philosophy of subjectivity. He understands the genesis of subjectivity as essentially the genesis of their sociability, rooted in a freedom supportive and simultaneously recognized; the identity and the difference as “differentiated unity”. The extensive intellectual production of this philosopher, as well as the "structure" of dialectical interrelationship of his thought always refers to the perspective of the whole. Accordingly, our research had as general objective the apprehension and critical exposition, since the possibility of an ontological-existential approach to I Hegelian, of the concepts of Self-Consciousness and Recognition, in their own constituent movements, development and “come-to-be” as “Spirit”, placed on Dialectic of Recognition. These concepts appear in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit (1807) (notably in Chapter IV). Therefore, we understand that an investigation of academic interest on such issues is justified and coincides with the current demands of society, contributing to the development of “readings” with more understanding of the contemporary concerns and the complex of social relations that imply a constant “decision by recognition” in the ways of effectiveness of Self in the world; the emergence of the figure of “selective affinities”. / O debate filosófico hodierno sobre “alteridade” suscita investigações díspares. As “desconstruções” operadas pela chamada “pós-modernidade” não obtiveram nem pretendem um êxito definitivo. E a “crítica fraca” dos fundamentos metafísicos poderia ser resumida na seguinte metáfora: “primeiro nos deram asas para depois nos roubar o céu”. A crítica de G. W. F. Hegel (1770–1831) ao modelo solipsista de fundamentação da filosofia moderna da subjetividade entende a gênese das subjetividades como essencialmente gênese de suas sociabilidades, radicada numa liberdade solidária e reconhecida simultaneamente; identidade e diferença enquanto “unidade diferenciada”. Assim sendo, considerando a extensa produção intelectual do nosso filósofo, bem como a “estrutura” de inter-relação dialética de seu pensamento e de seus escritos, que nos remete sempre a perspectiva do todo, nossa pesquisa teve como objetivo geral a apreensão e exposição crítica, desde a possibilidade de uma abordagem ontológico-existencial do Eu hegeliano, dos conceitos de Consciência-de-Si e de Reconhecimento, em seus movimentos próprios constitutivos, desenvolvimento e vir-a-ser enquanto “Espírito”, postos na Dialética do Reconhecimento, tal como aparecem no corpo da Fenomenologia do Espírito (1807), notadamente no capítulo IV, de Hegel. Neste sentido, entendemos que uma investigação de interesse acadêmico sobre tais questões justifica-se e coincide com demandas da sociedade atual, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de “leituras” mais compreensivas das inquietações do homem e da mulher contemporâneos e do complexo de relações sociais que implicam numa constante “decisão pelo reconhecimento” nos modos de efetividade do Si no mundo; na emergência da figura das “afinidades seletivas”.