The importance of the study is grounded in the need to increase the success rates at community colleges, which is critical for meeting national goals for college attainment and promoting upward social mobility. The majority of community college students arrive unprepared for college-level math and are placed into developmental math. A drive to increase math performance has focused on course redesigns incorporating adaptive learning technologies. While adept at adapting subject matter to students' individual needs, there remains the need to understand the role of student metacognition in the learning process. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between specific learner attributes and academic success in developmental math for students who are acquiring their skills through an adaptive learning technology environment. The Motivated Strategies of Learning Questionnaire, GRIT, and Mental Toughness Questionnaires were used to uncover relationships and differences between measured traits, student success, and demographic items such as age, gender, race, amount of time spent in paid work, and previous credits. Survey results were analyzed using a correlation research design and demonstrated significant relationships between time and gender, topics mastered and race, time and Motivated Strategies for Learning, time and self-regulation, and grade and emotional control. The study makes recommendations about how to best develop and leverage adaptive learning technologies in the future.

Doctor of Philosophy / School of Family Studies and Human Services / Kristy L. Pederson-Archuleta / Martin Seay / This dissertation employed a psychological framework to investigate the saving behavior of older pre-retirees through three essays using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Understanding the connection between psychological characteristics and saving behavior is critical as this population attempts to bridge the retirement saving gap. Of these characteristics, financial self-efficacy beliefs (FSE) are theoretically vital to saving behavior. With the FSE beliefs of older adults weak and vulnerable to decline, more research is needed to understand how FSE beliefs affect saving behavior and how FSE beliefs can be supported. Essay one investigated the psychological characteristics associated with FSE beliefs according to the Meta-Theoretic Model of Motivation and Personality (3M). Using a sample of 2,070 pre-retirees aged 50 to 70, essay one revealed that FSE beliefs can be supported through the frequent experience of positive affect, reduced negative affect, a stronger perception of mastery, and a higher task orientation, holding all else constant. Essay two investigated the relationship between FSE beliefs and saving behavior (i.e., change in net worth from 2008 to 2012) through the Social Cognitive Theory of Self-Regulation. Using a sample of 844 pre-retirees aged 50 to 70, results revealed that FSE beliefs are significantly and positively related to saving behavior, after controlling for the financial ability and motivation to save. Essay three employed a structural equation model to investigate an integrated psychological approach to saving behavior based upon the 3M. Using a sample of 1,370 pre-retired and partially retired adults aged 50 to 70, essay three revealed that FSE beliefs facilitated the connection between elemental traits (i.e., openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism), compound traits (i.e., positive affect, negative affect, mastery, and task orientation), and saving behavior. Overall, significant evidence was generated supporting a psychological approach to the saving behavior of older pre-retirees. Financial and mental health professionals can utilize this framework to provide holistic retirement saving advice that acknowledges the psychological roots of behavior. Moreover, results established empirical support for the role FSE beliefs play in executing saving behavior. Lastly, results supported the importance of domain specific measurement for self-efficacy beliefs in future research.

Notre étude s’est intéressée chez l’enfant au modèle tempéramental de Rothbart : ce modèle suggère que la mise en balance des caractéristiques individuelles de réactivité et d’autorégulation explique le développement de l’enfant. Nous avons constaté l’intérêt de cette structure théorique pour enrichir la modélisation empirique des traits d’appétit de l’enfant, en lien avec le développement de son adiposité. Ainsi avons-nous défini les objectifs suivants: (a) valider un modèle de mesure des traits d’appétit de l’enfant inspiré des composantes tempéramentales du modèle de Rothbart; (b) valider une structure de relations entre autorégulation générale, traits d’appétit et adiposité; (c) valider la structure théorique du modèle de Rothbart appliquée au comportement alimentaire. Nous avons mesuré les traits d’appétit par questionnaire chez des enfants de 10 à 14 ans, puis via des tâches comportementales chez des enfants de 8 à 12 ans. Nous avons aussi pesé et mesuré les enfants. La méthode par questionnaire a permis de valider la modélisation tempéramentale des traits d’appétit via la réactivité de l’appétit et l’autorégulation de la prise alimentaire. Cette méthode a aussi montré que le lien entre autorégulation générale et adiposité de l’enfant pouvait s’expliquer par l’intermédiaire des traits d’appétit. Enfin, les deux méthodes ont confirmé certaines prédictions du modèle théorique de Rothbart : nous avons observé un impact positif d’une composante de réactivité de l’appétit sur l’adiposité et un effet négatif de l’autorégulation de la prise alimentaire sur la réactivité de l’appétit. Grâce à un modèle novateur de tempérament alimentaire mis en lien avec l’adiposité de l’enfant, notre étude peut impacter la prévention et le traitement du surpoids. / Our study focused on Rothbart’s temperament model in children: this model suggests that the balance between individual characteristics of reactivity and self-regulation underlies the child’s development. We noticed that empirical models of appetitive traits linked with adiposity development in children could potentially benefit from the theoretical structure of this model. We thus defined the following objectives: (a) validating a measurement model for children’s appetitive traits through temperamental components inspired by Rothbart’s model; (b) validating a structure of relationships between general self-regulation, appetitive traits and adiposity; (c) validating the theoretical structure of Rothbart’s model in the specific domain of food behaviour. We measured appetitive traits firstly through a questionnaire in 10 to 14 year-old children and secondly through behavioural tasks in 8 to 12 year-old children. Children’s height and weight were also measured. The questionnaire method allowed to validate a temperamental model of appetitive traits, measured through appetite reactivity and self-regulation in eating. We also showed with this method that the link between general self-regulation and adiposity in children could be explained through appetitive traits. Finally, both methods confirmed some of the predictions of Rothbart’s theoretical model: we observed a positive impact of one component of appetite reactivity over adiposity and a negative effect of self-regulation in eating on appetite reactivity. Thanks to an innovative eating temperament model linked with children’s adiposity, our study can impact overweight prevention and treatment.

Das Internet hat nicht nur eine kaum vorhersehbare Revolution in der Kommunikation hervorgerufen, sondern stellt auch vielfältige Herausforderungen an das Recht. Die besondere Problematik ist dabei, dass die handelnden Personen dies praktisch anonym tun können und dass das Internet auf Grund seiner Struktur inhaltsneutral ist. Daraus wurde in der öffentlichen Diskussion abgeleitet, dass das Internet ein rechtsfreier Raum sei, was aber nicht sein dürfe. Darauf reagiert in einigen Fällen der Gesetzgeber, weitaus häufiger wird die Entwicklung aber von der Rechtsprechung vorangetrieben. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, die spezifisch auf das Internet bezogenen rechtlichen Entwicklungen des Rechts darzustellen und ihre spezifische Problematik aufzuzeigen. Im Kontrast dazu werden die Mechanismen der Rechtsetzung der Organisationen beschrieben, die für die Entwicklung des Internets verantwortlich sind und deren Verfahren auch Vorbild für staatliche Rechtsetzung sein könnten. / The Internet has not only caused a non foreseeable revolution in human communication, it also defies legislation and jurisprudence in many ways. Acting over the internet causes unknown problems as communication on the internet is due to its structure non discriminating regarding the content. Discussion in the public has therefore concluded, that the internet were a anarchic space, a state which could not persist. In many cases this has caused reactions by legislation, although most of the development is carried by jurisprudence. The target of this publication is to show the internet-specific legal developments in Germany and to show their specific problems. In contrast to the state law the mechanisms of standardization by the institutions developing the internet and its standards are described.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:33:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CAROLINA APARECIDA ARAUJO TENCA.pdf: 1393499 bytes, checksum: caa87d7c7d249b92eb05aece94b64fdf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-13 / The implementation of projects that aim to develop the self-regulation of learning and, consequently, the development of attitudes that contribute to the study has been shown to be an important tool for improving the academic performance of students and the quality of education. From this perspective this work has as its main objective to identify attitude changes on the studies, manifested by students of the 5th year of primary school, participating in a learning self-regulation project. As specific objectives we aimed to (a) verify the views of students and teachers about the learning developed by the students during the project; (b) review, based on the narratives of the students, the possible transfers of learning that occurred during the project to everyday situations; and, finally, (c) to evaluate the influence of the project for the improvement of self-regulation, the volitional control and student procrastination in school situations. The first part of the work was intended to address the linked concepts of self-regulation of learning that are intertwined in social cognitive theory and learner autonomy in study situations. In the second chapter, before starting the methodology and the partial presentation of data, we designed a Brazilian educational scenario in which there has been bibliographic survey research on the subject, beyond the approach of quality indicators and the National Curriculum Parameters document that guides the work of teachers in the formation of autonomy and the development of attitudes of students in different curriculum subjects. The fieldwork took place in three rooms of the 5th year of primary school, from three public schools in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, which adopted the self-regulation of learning project. Research participants were three teachers and eighty-five students. The data collected through interviews and narratives highlight the perception of change by the students regarding their attitudes towards learning moments. The interviews of the teachers go back to what was described by students as they also highlight behavioral changes in group living and also in the way of relating to learning situations. Overall, the data support the premise that an intervention project can contribute to better relations of students with their own learning process. / A implanta??o de projetos de interven??o que objetivam desenvolver a autorregula??o da aprendizagem e, consequentemente, o desenvolvimento de atitudes que contribuam para o estudo tem se mostrado como uma importante ferramenta para a melhoria do desempenho escolar dos alunos e da qualidade educacional. A partir dessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho teve, como objetivo geral, identificar as mudan?as de atitudes sobre os estudos, manifestadas por alunos do 5? ano do Ensino Fundamental, participantes de um projeto de autorregula??o da aprendizagem. Como objetivo espec?fico buscamos: (a) verificar as concep??es dos alunos e professores acerca das aprendizagens desenvolvidas pelos alunos durante o projeto; (b) analisar, a partir das narrativas dos alunos, poss?veis transfer?ncias das aprendizagens ocorridas durante o projeto para situa??es cotidianas; e, por fim, (c) avaliar a influ?ncia do projeto para a melhoria da autorregula??o, do controle volitivo e da procrastina??o dos alunos em situa??es escolares. A primeira parte do trabalho se destinou a abordar os conceitos atrelados a autorregula??o da aprendizagem que est?o imbricados na teoria sociocognitiva e, a autonomia do aluno em situa??es de estudo. No segundo cap?tulo, antes de iniciar a metodologia e a apresenta??o parcial dos dados, foi elaborado um panorama educacional brasileiro em que foi realizado um levantamento bibliogr?fico de pesquisas sobre a tem?tica, al?m da abordagem dos indicadores de qualidade e o dos Par?metros Curriculares Nacionais, documento que orienta o trabalho do professor quanto ? forma??o da autonomia e o desenvolvimento de atitudes dos alunos nas diferentes disciplinas curriculares. A pesquisa de campo ocorreu em tr?s salas de 5? ano do Ensino Fundamental, de tr?s escolas p?blicas da Regi?o Metropolitana de Campinas, que adotaram o projeto de autorregula??o da aprendizagem. Foram participantes da pesquisa tr?s professoras e oitenta e cinco alunos. Os dados coletados por meio de narrativas dos alunos e entrevistas com os professores evidenciam a autopercep??o de mudan?a por parte dos alunos com rela??o ?s suas atitudes perante os momentos de aprendizagem. As entrevistas das professoras v?o ao encontro do que foi descrito pelos alunos, pois elas tamb?m destacam mudan?as comportamentais na conviv?ncia em grupo e tamb?m na forma de se relacionar com as situa??es de aprendizagem. Al?m desses instrumentos, para a an?lise quantitativa dos dados, os alunos preencheram o Invent?rio de Processos de Auto-Regula??o da Aprendizagem (IPAA), instrumento validado que comp?e o projeto; o Question?rio de Estrat?gias de Controle Volitivo (QECV); e o Question?rio de Procrastina??o (QP) em quatro momentos: um antes do in?cio do projeto, dois durante e um ao final do projeto. Pela an?lise dos dados referentes a estas tr?s vari?veis, ? poss?vel concluir que, tamb?m quantitativamente, o programa Travessuras do Amarelo foi eficaz para promover a autorregula??o das estrat?gias de aprendizagem, promover a voli??o dos alunos e baixar a sua procrastina??o na realiza??o de tarefas escolares. De maneira geral, os dados corroboram a premissa de que um projeto de interven??o pode colaborar para melhores rela??es dos alunos com seu pr?prio processo de aprendizagem.

nÃo hà / A tese objetivou analisar a manifestaÃÃo da autorregulaÃÃo em alunos que apresentam deficiÃncia intelectual. Para isso, se investigou, no contexto da proposiÃÃo de jogos didÃticos-pedagÃgicos, os aspectos envolvidos em uma intervenÃÃo pedagÃgica tutorada, fundamentada nos princÃpios de mediaÃÃo de Feuerstein, que poderiam potencializar o desenvolvimento da autorregulaÃÃo como componente metacognitivo. O quadro teÃrico se apoiou na perspectiva sociointeracionista, e abrangeu cinco categorias conceituais: O sujeito com deficiÃncia intelectual e seus processos de aprendizagem, MetacogniÃÃo, AutorregulaÃÃo, MediaÃÃo e Jogos em contextos de mediaÃÃo na intervenÃÃo pedagÃgica tutorada, no favorecimento da autorregulaÃÃo. Adotou-se a metodologia fundamentada nos pressupostos de uma pesquisa de carÃter quase-experimental. O estudo de campo desenvolveu-se no perÃodo de agosto de 2015 a junho de 2016, contou com a participaÃÃo de trÃs sujeitos com diagnÃstico de deficiÃncia intelectual, e organizou-se em duas fases. A fase 1, ExploraÃÃo da pesquisa de campo, subdividiu-se em trÃs etapas: Pesquisa exploratÃria; SeleÃÃo de sujeitos; e Estudo Piloto (aplicado com quatro sujeitos com deficiÃncia intelectual); e a fase 2, Desenvolvimento da pesquisa de campo (contou com a participaÃÃo de trÃs sujeitos com deficiÃncia intelectual acompanhados nas Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais de duas escolas pÃblicas), tambÃm subdividida em trÃs etapas: TraÃando perfis: avaliaÃÃo cognitiva e prÃ-teste (avaliaÃÃo da autorregulaÃÃo); SessÃes de intervenÃÃo pedagÃgica tutorada; e AvaliaÃÃo do pÃs-teste. A anÃlise de dados organizou-se em duas categorias: A influÃncia dos princÃpios de mediaÃÃo de Feuerstein sobre o avanÃo conceitual de alunos que apresentam deficiÃncia intelectual; ManifestaÃÃo de estratÃgias metacognitivas autorregulatÃrias em alunos com deficiÃncia intelectual por meio do uso de jogos no contexto de uma intervenÃÃo pedagÃgica tutorada. Verificou-se que, a mediaÃÃo, fundamentada nos princÃpios de Feuerstein, possibilitou que os sujeitos participantes demonstrassem capacidade de alcanÃar um nÃvel de complexidade elaborado no desenvolvimento de estratÃgias metacognitivas de autorregulaÃÃo, as quais promoveram o processo de autorregulaÃÃo nas situaÃÃes de aprendizagem. Constatou-se que, ao longo das sessÃes tutoradas de intervenÃÃes, eles passaram a estabelecer objetivos, usar diferentes estratÃgias metacognitivas de autorregulaÃÃo, autocontrolar o prÃprio desempenho, gerenciar o tempo para concluir a atividade, e antecipar resultados dos jogos. Conclui-se que à fundamental oportunizar aos alunos com deficiÃncia intelectual situaÃÃes de aprendizagens, que promovam o diÃlogo com o mundo de significados, tornando-os ativos e sujeitos de sua aprendizagem, para que apreendam informaÃÃes e se conscientizem de sua prÃpria aprendizagem. As contribuiÃÃes deste estudo residem na compreensÃo de que sujeitos que apresentam deficiÃncia intelectual se beneficiam da mediaÃÃo, e, portanto, sÃo capazes de desenvolverem estratÃgias de autorregulaÃÃo diante de situaÃÃes de aprendizagens desafiadoras. Para isso, à necessÃrio conceder a esses sujeitos a oportunidade de estabelecerem e seguirem seus objetivos pessoais, assim como de criarem as suas situaÃÃes de aprendizagem.

Despite the relatively consistent finding that Conscientiousness, Agreeableness and low Neuroticism are associated with the practice of health-promoting behaviors, the reasons for these linkages are not well understood. This prospective study addressed this gap by taking a self-regulation resource perspective on why these traits relate to health-promoting behaviors by examining the role of higher positive relative to negative state affect. Students completed baseline (N = 330), and two week follow-up (N = 195) surveys. Bootstrapping analyses of the indirect effects of each of the three traits on Time 2 health behaviors were significant in the expected directions, with Kappa squares ranging from .11 to .13. In the full longitudinal analyses controlling for Time 1 health behaviors, the indirect effects of Conscientiousness and Agreeableness through affect balance on Time 2 health behaviors were positive and significant, whereas the indirect effects through Neuroticism were negative and significant after accounting for the Time 1 practice of health behaviors. These findings provide a process-oriented understanding of how Big Five traits are linked to health-promoting behaviors and extend previous research supporting a self-regulation resource perspective on personality and health behaviors.

As military dependent students relocate, they enroll in multiple schools throughout their K-12 experience. Frequent mobility can create gaps in achievement. The challenge in the local setting is meeting the needs of military dependent students scoring below grade level standards in math. The purpose of the formative evaluation was to determine the effectiveness of the Personalized Education Plan (PEP) program and propose refinements. The conceptual framework included goal setting, motivation, engagement, and self-regulation. The concurrent multi-methods study included a central research question on whether a PEP increased student math scores. Questions about student motivation, engagement, self-regulation, and goal setting followed. Eighteen out of 30 teachers from 2 schools completed an online questionnaire about the PEP program and impact on students. Measures of Academic Performance (MAP) math scores were collected on all students. Quantitative data analysis included a paired samples t test which showed a statistically significant (p <.001) increase between math scores before and after implementation of the PEP. An independent samples t test showed military dependent student scores were slightly higher than for nonmilitary students, but not statistically significant (p > .05). Qualitative analysis of teacher questionnaire data revealed themes in student motivation, engagement, and self-regulation. Evaluation results recommended the district change the PEP program to support continued implementation. The findings contribute to social change by providing critical information that may assist other districts in creating effective goal setting programs for military dependent students.

A consistent finding in the literature is that children who demonstrate lower levels of social functioning (i.e., exhibit high levels of externalising and internalising problems and low levels of socially competent behaviour) have problems interpreting social cues and enacting appropriate behavioural responses in social situations (that is, they have poor social information processing (SIP) skills). Another consistent finding is that children who demonstrate lower levels of social functioning have problems regulating behaviour and/or emotions (that is, they have poor self-regulation skills). The research questions in this study explore two related issues: whether these associations can explain sex differences in social functioning (with girls consistently exhibiting higher levels of social competence and lower levels of externalising problems than boys) and whether an intervention targeting SIP and self-regulation skills can lead to improvements in social functioning. The study forms one component of a larger developmental prevention project (the Pathways to Prevention Project) which involves the provision of an integrated set of intervention strategies to children attending preschools in a highly disadvantaged Brisbane suburb. It also involves programs with their families, their schools and relevant ethnic communities. This study relates to a sub-sample of 308 children who participated solely in the social skills program. Children from two preschools received the program (N=174) and were compared with children from two other preschools who did not receive the program (N=134). The research questions were addressed using a repeated measures design, with data being collected from all intervention and comparison children pre- and post-intervention (that is, at the beginning and end of the school year) and at a one year follow-up at the end of Grade 1. The study is unique as it involves Australian children from a diverse range of cultural backgrounds, many of whom who are non-English speaking. Few studies have involved such diverse samples and none have been implemented in an Australian context. The first two research questions seek to confirm findings from prior studies, examining whether females exhibit higher levels of social functioning than males and whether there is a significant relationship between social functioning and SIP and self-regulation skills. The third research question significantly extends prior findings by examining whether there are sex differences in SIP and self-regulation skills and whether these can account for sex differences in social functioning. This issue has been largely overlooked in the literature. The fourth research question examines whether a social skills intervention designed to improve preschool children's SIP and self-regulatory skills can lead to improvements in these skills and increase levels of social functioning. The fifth research question examines the relative effect of the intervention for boys and girls. Using pre-intervention data, the study confirmed prior research, finding significant sex differences in social functioning with girls exhibiting higher levels of social competence and lower levels of externalising problems. A significant relationship was also found between measures of SIP, self-regulation skills and social functioning. A significant sex difference was found in SIP and self-regulation skills, with girls performing better than boys on these measures. After adjusting for children's scores on the SIP measure, sex differences in social competence were no longer significant. Sex differences in externalising problems remained significant but were markedly reduced. A similar pattern of findings was observed when adjusting for self-regulation skills. These findings represent a major contribution to the understanding of sex differences in social functioning. In comparison to non-participants, participants in the social skills program demonstrated significant improvements in SIP, self-regulation skills and social competence which were sustained 12 months after the completion of the intervention. In general, program participation was not found to be associated with changes in children's levels of externalising and internalising behaviour problems, although there were strong and significant reductions in externalising behaviour problems for disruptive children who were consistently engaged with the program. Program effects were greatest where it was consistently reinforced by teachers. No significant sex differences in program effects were found. Implications for future policy are that child-focused programs designed to increase school readiness and levels of social competence should include SIP and self-regulation components. More intensive programs may be required for long term improvements in behaviour problems. In terms of future practice, it is concluded that the implementation and evaluation of programs for young disadvantaged children from a range of multi-cultural backgrounds must limit English language requirements to increase program engagement, and encourage parental involvement using strategies such as parent training groups that do not demand high levels of parental literacy. Teacher involvement also needs to be maximised either through the provision of teacher training or through intensive mentoring.

Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht das Potential und die Bedingungen alternativer Regulierungsformen vor dem Hintergrund von Better Regulation in Deutschland. Nahezu alle EU- und OECD-Staaten betreiben heute umfassende politische Reformprogramme zur Modernisierung der Regulierungsarchitekturen, die unter dem Label Better Regulation subsumiert werden. Die Zielsetzung dieser Programme besteht zum einen in der wirtschaftsfreundlichen Reduktion von Regulierungskosten und zum anderen in der Effektivitätssteigerung von Regulierung durch Vermeidung unintendierter Nebeneffekte. Better Regulation ist ein Toolkit verschiedener metaregulativer Policy-Instrumente, deren programmatische Zusammensetzung vom nationalen politischen Kontext abhängt. Im Rahmen der parallel verlaufenden Reformagenden werden überdies alternative Regulierungsformen von verschiedenen Advokaten besserer Regulierung thematisiert, und als Alternative zur rein staatlichen, hierarchischen Command-and-Control-Regulierung (CaC-Regulierung) promotet, jedoch weder näher auf deren Bedingungen noch deren Konsequenzen einzugehen. Den optimistischen Vorstellungen eines evidenzbasierten Regulatory Managements folgend, erfolgt die Prüfung und Analyse alternativer Regelungsformen im Zuge der Gesetzesfolgenabschätzung (GFA; Regulatory Impact Assessment RIA). Bisher fristen alternative Regulierungsformen allerdings ein Dasein im Schatten von Standardkosten-Modell, RIA und Co. und werden von den Policy-Makern nicht systematisch in Betracht gezogen oder eingesetzt. CaC-Regulierung ist und bleibt das dominante Steuerungsinstrument des Staates. Es existieren jedoch zahlreiche diskursive Anknüpfungspunkte einschließlich zahlreicher Kritiken an der hierarchisch-regulativen Steuerung, welche die Auseinandersetzung mit alternativen Regulierungsformen begründen. Ziel dieses Papieres ist es daher, die in der Kritik stehende CaC-Regulierung Modellen alternativer Regulierungsformen entgegenzustellen, wobei alternative Regulierung mit den Konzepten Selbstregulierung, Koregulierung und regulierter Selbstregulierung eng definiert wird, und nur jene Konstellationen betrachtet werden, die kooperativ zwischen Regierung und Wirtschaft operieren. Ebenso wird der Versuch unternommen, die mannigfaltigen Konzepte und Erscheinungsformen alternativer Regulierung zu definieren und zu kategorisieren. Im Anschluss an den theoretischen Part erfolgt im nächsten Schritt die Identifikation der Einsatz- und Erfolgsbedingungen alternativer Regulierung. Dies geschieht anhand zweier empirischer Fallbeispiele aus den Politikfeldern Berufsbildungspolitik („der Ausbildungspakt der deutschen Wirtschaft“) sowie Umweltpolitik („die Mehrwegquotenverpflichtung“), wobei gezielt ein erfolgreiches und gescheitertes Beispiel alternativer Regulierung verglichen werden und Erfolgsfaktoren abgeleitet werden. Das Ergebnis ist, dass alternative Regulierung gewisse Potentiale und Anreize für staatliche wie privatwirtschaftliche Akteure bietet, aber der Einsatz dieser Steuerungsformen höchst voraussetzungsvoll ist und nur in wenigen Politikfeldern möglich und zu empfehlen ist. So besteht das Potential alternativer Regulierungsformen vor allem in der ganzheitlichen Senkung von Regulierungskosten (Befolgungs- und Vollzugskosten) und in der Erhöhung der Steuerbarkeit der Adressaten. Allerdings sind die korporativen Akteure auf beiden Seiten zum einen nicht immer hinreichend auf diese Form indirekter Steuerung vorbereitet. Zum anderen wird alternative Regulierung durch die Fragmentierung und Schwäche von Wirtschaftsverbänden sowie durch Interessengegensätze unter den Regelungsadressaten gehindert, die in Trittbrettfahrertum und dem letztlichen Scheitern selbstregulativer Verpflichtungen münden. Als entscheidende, aber anspruchsvolle Erfolgskomponente erweisen sich die politische Kommunikation und die Durchsetzbarkeit staatlicher Sanktionen sowie die Erfolgskontrolle, um die Regelungseinhaltung durch die Wirtschaft zu gewährleisten. Generell ist zu konstatieren, dass alternative Regulierungsformen dort zustande kommen, wo sich konzentrierter Widerstand auf Seiten der Adressaten gegen geplante, autoritative Steuerung abzeichnet, eine gewisse Pfadabhängigkeit bzw. eine Historie sektoraler Selbstregulierung vorliegt und eine Win-Win-Situation bei der Kooperation für Politik und Wirtschaft ersichtlich ist. In der Konsequenz zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass alternative Regulierung nicht nach einem synoptisch-rationalen Modell politischer Prozesse entsteht, sondern ein ursprünglich nicht intendiertes Produkt Garbage Can-artiger Verhandlungen mit einem hohen Konfliktniveau darstellt. Folglich ist das Resultat für die Vorstellung einer „Rational Regulatory Choice“ induzierenden Better Regulation-Agenda desillusionierend. / This paper analyses the potentials and the preconditions of alternative forms of regulation against the background of Better Regulation in Germany. Today, almost every OECD- and EU-country runs extensive regulatory reform programs to modernize its regulatory governance structures, which are summarized under the label Better Regulation. The goal of this type of agenda can be regarded, firstly, as the business-friendly reduction of overall regulatory costs and secondly as the increase of regulatory efficiency by removing unintended side-effects. Better Regulation is a toolkit consisting of several meta-regulatory instruments, whose programmatic composition and use varies with the national political context. Moreover, within these parallel proceeding reform agendas alternative forms of regulation are constantly promoted by advocates of Better Regulation and portrayed as alternative to purely governmental command-and-control approaches (CaC), though neither responding to their preconditions nor addressing their consequences. According to the optimistic notion of an evidence-based regulatory management, the examination and analysis of regulatory alternatives is supposed to be carried out within regulatory impact assessments (RIA). However, hitherto alternative forms of regulations exist unnoted in the shadow of the standard cost model, RIA and co. and they are not systematically considered and applied by policy-makers. CaC-regulation is and remains the dominant and favoured policy-instrument of the state. Yet, there are several discursive connections including broad criticism on hierarchical-regulative steering, which give reason to the deeper analysis of alternative forms of regulation. Therefore the aim of this paper is to contrast alternative regulation with the criticized CaC-technique, whereas alternative regulation is defined narrowly as the concepts of self-regulation, co-regulation and regulated self-regulation which operate as cooperative substitutes of CaC between government and business. Moreover, this paper attempts to define and to categorize the diverse concepts and natures of alternative regulation. Subsequent to the theoretical part the preconditions and critical success factors for alternative regulation are identified in the next section. For this purpose two empirical case studies from two different policies, under which one is successful and the other has failed, are examined and compared to deduce success factors. The case studies are from vocational training policy (“The Training Pact of the German Business”) and waste policy (“refill quota for beverage containers”). The result is that alternative forms of regulation offer several potential und incentives for state and business actors, but that the use of these policy instruments is highly demanding and in addition only possible and recommendable in few policies. Undoubtedly its potential lies in the holistic reduction of regulatory costs (compliance and enforcement costs) and in the enhancement of the governability of the regulated business. However, the corporate actors on both sides are not always adequately prepared for this indirect mode of steering. Furthermore, alternative regulation is hindered by the fragmentation and weakness of business associations and opposing interests among the regulated sectors and companies, which may lead to free-riding and could result in the final failure of alternative regulation. The political communication and assertiveness of public sanctions as well as the measurement of success, which ensure self-regulatory compliance, turned out to be decisive, but very demanding constituents of success. Generally speaking, alternative forms of regulation emerge in those cases and policy areas, where concentrated resistance against planned CaC-measures becomes apparent, where a certain path dependency or history of sectoral self-regulation exists, and where a win-win-situation becomes obvious for politicians and business. To sum up, this paper argues that alternative regulations don’t emerge by a synoptic-ration model of policy process, but that they present an unintended product of garbage can like policy processes, further characterized by a high level of conflict. Consequentially, this paper’s findings disillusion the (exaggeratedly) optimistic notion of a rational regulatory choice inducing Better Regulation agenda.