Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el sobrepeso/obesidad y la autoestima en universitarios de 19 a 24 años de una universidad privada de Lima. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal analítico en el cual participaron 177 estudiantes de 19 a 24 años, estos fueron seleccionados por conveniencia. Se les aplicó el cuestionario de la Escala de Rosenberg de autollenado para medir la autoestima y se les realizó mediciones de peso y talla para calcular el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Resultados: Del total de alumnos, el 42,2% presentó sobrepeso/obesidad. No se encontró una asociación directa entre el IMC y autoestima, pero sí entre la edad y autoestima (p<0,005). Se encontró que los alumnos de 19 a 20 años fueron los que presentaron autoestima más baja y los de 23 a 24 años tenían una autoestima más alta. Asimismo, se encontró que en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud el nivel de autoestima es menor en el grupo de sobrepeso/obesidad que en el de peso normal, a diferencia de las demás carreras, donde no se encontraron estas diferencias. Por último, se encontró que en el grupo de 19 a 20 años sí existen diferencias en el puntaje de la Escala de Rosenberg entre los grupos de sobrepeso/obesidad y peso normal. Conclusiones: No se hallaron diferencias significativas acerca de la asociación entre sobrepeso/obesidad y baja autoestima en los jóvenes universitarios. Sin embargo, se encontró que la autoestima es menor a los 19 a 20 años y conforme aumenta la edad, la autoestima aumenta. / Background: To determine the association between overweight / obesity and self-esteem in university students aged 19 to 24 from a private university in Lima. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in which 177 students from 19 to 24 years old participated, they were selected for convenience. The self-filled Rosenberg Scale questionnaire was applied to measure self-esteem, and weight and height measurements were made to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Results: Of the total number of students, 42,2% were overweight/obese. A direct association was not found between BMI and self-esteem, but there was between age and self-esteem (p <0,005). It was found that students from 19 to 20 years old had the lowest self-esteem and those from 23 to 24 years old had the highest self-esteem. Likewise, it was found that in health science students the level of self-esteem is lower in the overweight/obesity group than in the normal weight group, unlike the careers, where these differences were not found. Finally, it was found that in the 19 to 20-year-old group there are differences in the Rosenberg Scale score between the overweight/obesity and normal weight groups. Conclusion: No significant differences were found regarding the association between overweight obesity and low self-esteem in young university students. However, it was found that self-esteem is lower at 19 to 20 years and as age increases, self-esteem also does. / Trabajo de investigación

Det finns en växande oro för den inverkan som sociala medier har på ungas psykiska hälsa. Sociala jämförelser och orealistiska skönhetsideal nämns ofta i relation till sådana samband. Flickor i tonåren rapporterar högre förekomst av psykiska besvär samt lägre självkänsla än pojkar. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka högstadieflickors användning av sociala medier (med fokus på Instagram och Snapchat) och huruvida denna är associerad med generaliserad ångest. Medieringsanalys användes för att testa om självkänsla kunde förklara det potentiella sambandet bland ett slumpmässigt urval unga flickor i Stockholms län (N = 1161; medelålder = 14 år). Urvalet baseras på sekundärdata från en studie av Nationellt centrum för suicidforskning och prevention (NASP). För att mäta ångest användes Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7). Självkänsla mättes med Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Resultatet visade på små effekter men indikerar att det finns ett samband mellan flickornas ångest och tid på sociala medier, och att drygt hälften (51%) av sambandet kan förklaras genom att tid på sociala medier indirekt påverkade deras självkänsla negativt (β = 0,13; p &lt; 0,001). Vidare antydde resultatet att flickor, vars självkänsla påverkades av sociala medier, ökade sin ångest med 1,16 GAD-poäng för varje extra 2,54 timmar på sociala medier, i kontrast till en ökning av 0,56 GAD-poäng hos flickorna med mer stabil självkänsla. Genom att få en ökad förståelse för det eventuella sambandet mellan flickors upplevda ångest och användning av sociala medier kan preventiva åtgärder, som exempelvis stärker deras självkänsla, utvecklas som ett led i att minska potentiella skadeverkningar av sociala medier.

As people meet their basic biological needs, they become increasingly concerned with higher level needs, such as personal development and positive well-being. The term "subjective well-being" (SWB) refers to people's evaluations of their lives and although relatively stable, people's levels of SWB are influenced by life events. The high position of esteem needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs reflects the importance of self-esteem in people's judgement of their quality of life. A one group post test only, analytical research design was utilised with 570 residents of an informal settlement in Soweto. A structured questionnaire was designed to obtain information on demographic variables, levels of SWB and levels of self-esteem. The levels of SWB and self-esteem within the community were relatively high. Multiple regression analyses models confirmed that demographic factors are weakly correlated with SWB and self-esteem. Self-esteem was highly correlated with life satisfaction. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

As people meet their basic biological needs, they become increasingly concerned with higher level needs, such as personal development and positive well-being. The term "subjective well-being" (SWB) refers to people's evaluations of their lives and although relatively stable, people's levels of SWB are influenced by life events. The high position of esteem needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs reflects the importance of self-esteem in people's judgement of their quality of life. A one group post test only, analytical research design was utilised with 570 residents of an informal settlement in Soweto. A structured questionnaire was designed to obtain information on demographic variables, levels of SWB and levels of self-esteem. The levels of SWB and self-esteem within the community were relatively high. Multiple regression analyses models confirmed that demographic factors are weakly correlated with SWB and self-esteem. Self-esteem was highly correlated with life satisfaction. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the topics of self-concept and motherhood. The part that deals with self-concept contains its definition, possible ways for it to be studied, its aspects, structure and dynamics. It also describes aspects examined in the research part i.e. self-concept clarity and self-esteem and provides an overview of commonly used methods for self-concept research. The part about motherhood formulates motherhood as a social construct and a biological aspect; it deals with the ambivalence to motherhood, motherhood and partner relationships, motherhood and work. Finally, it deals with the published research on the topic of self-concept in motherhood. The research part deals with self-concept clarity and self-esteem during motherhood. The aim is to explore self-concept clarity and self-esteem of mothers on parental leave with their first child old between (0.5-4 years) and compare them with mothers, which are also on parental leave with their first child old between (0.5-4 years) and work regularly; and also childless women aged 25 to 35 years. The following diagnostic tools were used that purpose: Self-concept Clarity Scale, Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale, NEO-FFI.

Syftet är att undersöka hur självkänsla är relaterat till användandet av sociala medier, samt om det föreligger några skillnader mellan pojkar och flickor gällande självkänsla, spenderad tid på och beteende i sociala medier. Frågorna som ska besvaras är: (I) Finns det ett samband mellan självkänsla och spenderad tid på sociala medier? (II) Finns det ett samband mellan självkänsla och aktiv användning av sociala medier? (III) Finns det en skillnad i självkänsla mellan aktiva och passiva användare av sociala medier? (IV) Finns det en skillnad mellan flickor och pojkar gällande självkänsla, spenderad tid på och beteende i sociala medier? Studien utgår från en kvantitativ ansats och materialet samlades in med hjälp av enkäter. Urvalet bestod av 140 stycken ungdomar (13–16 år) och valdes ut genom ett bekvämlighetsurval. Deltagarna fyllde i enkäten under lektionstid. Enkäten var en sammanställning av tre olika mätinstrument, RSES (Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale), Social Media Engagement Questionnaire (SMEQ) och Passive and Active Facebook Use Measure (PAUM). Enkätsvaren bearbetades slutligen statistiskt med korrelationsanalyser och t-tester. Resultatet visade på svaga negativa samband mellan självkänsla och de tre variablerna spenderad tid, aktiv social användning respektive aktiv icke-social användning. Resultatet visade inte på någon signifikant skillnad mellan passiva och aktiva användare. Pojkar rapporterade högre nivåer av självkänsla än flickor. Flickor rapporterade högre nivåer av passiv användning, aktiv social användning och aktiv icke-social användning än pojkar. En möjlig slutsats är att det finns en koppling mellan användningen av sociala medier och individens självkänsla. Resultatet i denna studie visade på att hög användning av sociala medier kan vara relaterat till en sämre självkänsla. Det verkar även finnas tendenser till skillnader mellan pojkar och flickor gällande både självkänsla och användningen av sociala medier. Det behövs ytterligare forskning på den yngre generationen för att ta reda på hur den unga individen kan använda sociala medier på ett sätt som främjar självkänslan. / The aim of this study is to examine how self-esteem is related to usage of social media, and if there are any gender differences between boys and girls regarding self-esteem, spent time and behavior on social media. The questions to be answered are: (I) Is there a relation between self-esteem and spent time on social media? (II) Is there a relation between self-esteem and active usage of social media? (III) Is there a difference in self-esteem between active and passive users of social media? (IV) Is there a difference between girls and boys regarding self-esteem, spent time and behavior on social media? The study has a quantitative approach and the material was collected by using surveys. The sample consisted of 140 adolescents (age 13-16) and was selected through a convenience sample. The participants filled in the survey during class. The survey was a compilation of three different measuring instruments; Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale (RSES), Social Media Engagement Questionnaire (SMEQ) and Passive and Active Facebook Use Measure (PAUM). The answers were processed statistically with correlation analyses and t-test. The result showed weak negative correlations between self-esteem and the three variables spent time, active social usage respective active non-social usage. The result didn’t show any significant difference between passive and active users. Boys reported higher levels of self-esteem than girls. Girls reported higher levels of passive usage, active social usage and active non-social usage. A possible conclusion could be that there is a connection between social media usage and self-esteem. The result in this study showed that large amount of social media usage could be related to lower self-esteem. There seems to be a difference between boys and girls regarding self-esteem and social media usage. Further research on the younger generation is needed to find out how the young individual could use social media in ways that promotes self-esteem.

Although eating disorders have been the focus of much research, the inclusion of minority populations has been minimal. A recent review of the literature by Dolan (1991) has found that eating disorders were most likely to be present in non-White women who were exposed to Western societies and cultures. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine personality, physical, and cultural correlates of bulimic symptomatology in a sample of African American college women. The Bulimia Test Revised (BULIT-R) was used to assess bulimia symptoms. The African American Acculturation Scale (AAAS), the Beliefs about Attractiveness Scale Revised (BAAR factors 1 and 2), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES), the Centers for Epidemiological Depression Scale (CES-D), Body Parts Satisfaction Scale (BPSS), and body mass were the independent variables hypothesized to predict bulimic symptoms. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that body mass, depression, and low self-esteem were the best predictors of bulimic symptomatology, together accounting for 38% of the variance. Beliefs about attractiveness and body satisfaction were related to bulimic symptoms but not when considered simultaneously with the other variables. Acculturation was not predictive of bulimic symptoms. 0-ordered correlations revealed that beliefs about attractiveness and body satisfaction were correlated with bulimic symptoms. Acculturation was not related to any variables except depression. Implications for counseling interventions as well as directions for future research are discussed.

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