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[pt] O presente trabalho é uma investigação sobre o modo como um grupo de adolescentes moradores do estado do Rio de Janeiro pensa seu futuro no que se refere a trabalho e à vida afetiva e familiar. O estudo teve como pressuposto maior pensar o adolescente como sujeito que, na construção de seu discurso, articula suas próprias aspirações àquilo que sua cultura lhe oferece como real e que sua interação social constrói como valor. Procurou-se abordar o modo como este sujeito se percebe inserido no curso de sua vida, que papéis ele assume ou deseja assumir e como ele pensa as alternativas para as questões que lhes são colocadas no que se refere a suas escolhas presentes e futuras. A pesquisa foi realizada fazendo-se uso da perspectiva sócio-histórica, que consiste no pressuposto de que o modo como o sujeito se refere à realidade e age sobre ela é construído historicamente, em uma relação essencialmente dialética com o ambiente social. Para desenvolver este intuito, foi feita uma reflexão sobre o conceito de adolescência, sobre as concepções que organizam socialmente tal conceito e sobre elementos específicos da cultura contemporânea que tangenciam tais concepções. Desta forma, optou-se por seguir o pensamento de Richard Sennett em suas discussões sobre a dinâmica entre público e privado e sobre o problema da autoridade na contemporaneidade. A pesquisa envolveu 19 adolescentes moradores das cidades do Rio de Janeiro e de Petrópolis. Utilizaram-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas e individuais, que receberam o tratamento de análise de conteúdo, a partir dos princípios de Bardin. A partir das entrevistas, observou-se que, no que se refere a seus sentimentos em relação ao futuro, os adolescentes parecem freqüentemente experimentar uma forte sensação de insegurança, especialmente no que se refere à escolha de uma profissão. Eles reagem a isso procurando promover o valor da vontade pessoal e do poder individual como supostamente capazes de derrubar todo e qualquer obstáculo, tanto no que se refere às relações afetivas quanto à profissão. Existe também um movimento de elaboração da realidade que manifesta uma necessidade de resgatar valores, relações estáveis e experiências de troca afetiva interpessoal. A partir do estudo desenvolvido, consideramos que as visões do adolescente sobre seu futuro, particularmente no que tange trabalho e família, configuram não apenas a expressão de uma determinada faixa-etária, mas a também representação de uma realidade social que fala de questões como estabilidade, confiança nas instituições e a autoridade como importantes temáticas no delineamento e consecução de projetos de vida. / [en] This work investigates the way a group of teenagers who live in the state of Rio de Janeiro think their future, on what concerns work, affection and family life. The study had as its main presupposition to think teenagers as subjects who, on building their speech, articulate their own desires with what their culture offers as real and that their social interaction builds as values. We approached the way in which these subjects take notice of themselves as inserted in their life-course, which roles they assume or wish to assume and the alternatives they think to deal with matters which are put to them, concerning their present and future choices. The research made use of the socio-historical perspective, which consists on the presupposition that the way the person refers to reality and acts on it is historically built, in an essentially dialectic relationship with the social environment. To respond to this aim, we made a reflection on the concept of adolescence, on the concepts that socially organize it, and on specific elements of contemporary culture which goes around it. We chose Richard Sennett`s discussions on the dynamics of public and private and on the problem of authority in contemporaneity. The research developped with 19 teenagers who live in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Petrópolis. We used semi- structured interviews, which were analyzed under the contents analysis method, by Bardin . From our study, we consider that the adolescents` views on their future, particularly on what concerns work and family, seem to experience often a strong feeling of insecurity, specially on what refers to choosing a profession. They react to that trying to promote their personal will and individual power as supposedly capable of beating any obstacle, in affection relations as well as in work. However there is also a movement of elaborating reality that manifests the necessity of recovering values, stable relationships and experiences of interpersonal affect relations. Considering the presuppositions of our theoretical approach, we take the subjects behavior not only as an expression of a certain age, but as the representation of a social reality that claims matters like stability, reliability in institutions and authority as important issues in defining life projects and making them come true.

In sociology in general, community is often seen as an expression for something seriously threatened or even destroyed by modernity. In urban sociology, this question has traditionally manifested itself in a ‘search exhibition’ of communal bonds within the city landscape. This analytical approach tends to split up ‘community’ and ‘city’ into two different forms of social experience. By adopting a socio-ontological approach, this study argues that experiences of community cannot be ontologically separated from experiences of the city. The aim of this study is to examine how the interviewees, living in the same neighborhood within a minor city in southern Sweden, create a perception of the city as a whole in relation to their own positioning therein. From this aim, two research questions have been formulated as follows: How is Milltown socio-ontologically constituted as a social space of relations? And: How do the interviewees construct a purified community? In order to examine this, nine in-depth interviews were conducted with residents in a middle class neighborhood (Greenwood), located in a minor city in southern Sweden (Milltown). The material was analyzed using a socio-ontological approach combined with Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of social space and habitus, and Richard Sennett’s concepts of purified community and collective personality.   The results of this study show how the perceived social complexity of Milltown as a whole is purified into an authentic experience of community. Greenwood is being constituted as a private sphere, which is isolated from the rest of the city. Greenwood represents a simplification of the social environment within the city landscape, where personal feelings and values are projected. It is also shown how interaction between neighbors in Greenwood is almost completely absent, and how the interviewees compensate this absence by constructing a collective personality. This collective personality envisages how they are the same, rather than what they actually do in their relations to each other. The feelings of belonging stem from shared expectations that neighbors have on each other, rather than from interactions. Finally, the results show how this purified community identity is constructed against other neighborhoods in Milltown, which are seen to represent different ways-of-life.   This study contributes to a more complex understanding of how feelings of belonging are constituted in relation to a specific locality, but also how this understanding enables a perception of the city as a whole. Accordingly, insights have been achieved on how recent attempts to ‘redefine’ the community concept in sociology can be used empirically, and to be further built upon theoretically. Further, urban sociology has traditionally been concerned with big cities. This study argues that the urban sociological tradition has exaggerated the differences between minor and larger cities. The argument is that minor cities should be approached as socially complex milieus as well, where people are aware of each other but do not know each other. Gesellschaft relations should therefore not be understood as something exclusive to the metropolis, but rather as a condition of life in modernity in general. Finally, this study also gives an insight about the mechanisms behind voluntary segregation. This is a matter that is often neglected in urban sociological research, which traditionally has worked in paradigm of poverty, thus focusing on stigmatized neighborhoods.

This study examines British television situation comedy over the last fifteen years and analyses the genre as part of a discourse about the nature of modernity. In this period globalisation, technology and the rapid reassessment of formerly established social structures have created new modes of everyday existence that represent significant changes to people’s lives. The thesis argues that contemporary sitcoms address these shifts in social understanding and anxieties about contemporary British life. A wide range of texts are discussed, four in particular detail; Peep Show, Love Soup, Saxondale and Home Time; which explicitly try to form a dialogue with their audience about living in modernity. The thesis largely takes a methodological approach from Television Studies, referencing scholars from the discipline, in particular John Ellis’s concepts of “working through” and employing a significant amount of textual analysis. Chapter two looks at the context of television in this changing world and chapter three analyses how sitcom as a genre has redefined its forms. Chapter four identifies the importance of ‘tone’ in comedy and analyses how modernity demands new modes of address for comedy to meet the expectations of its audience. The study demonstrates how texts balance new approaches with continuities drawn from the existing sitcom tradition. In order to interrogate the nature of social change and its effects, chapter one engages with the work of a number of social theorists. In particular it analyses the recent writings of Richard Sennett and Zygmunt Bauman, who identify contemporary life as “the culture of the new capitalism” and “liquid modernity” respectively. They consider how such change might affect how individuals feel about themselves and their place in society. Throughout, the thesis demonstrates how this work might be applied to the study of sitcom and combines social theory with a detailed analysis of this television form in transformation, arguing that sitcom remains a resonant site for audiences to participate in a productive discourse about how we live today.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-01-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:37:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000739793.pdf: 389830 bytes, checksum: b44a76f2a284819a1d1d96a8554fe330 (MD5) / A indisciplina escolar se tornou objeto de variados campos de estudo nas últimas três décadas. Mesmo que haja uma hegemonia de publicações da área da Psicologia, é consenso entre a maioria dos pesquisadores de que se trata de um problema cuja complexidade exige o olhar de diferentes referenciais teóricos. No entanto, chama a atenção o fato de que, apesar da importante contribuição da Filosofia com sólidos embasamentos conceituais às muitas das pesquisas que se debruçam sobre o tema, a discussão em torno da indisciplina escolar pelo viés filosófico tem sido quase nula. Diante desta constatação, esta pesquisa se propôs a analisar o problema da indisciplina escolar à luz da Filosofia da Educação por acreditar que o pensar filosófico permite o estabelecimento de um contraponto às verdades absolutas do discurso pedagógico e, portanto, deve ter participação relevante nas discussões sobre o tema. Nesse sentido, este trabalho optou por fazer uma genealogia da indisciplina escolar como ponto de partida para se pensar o que este problema pode nos dizer sobre a educação moderna. Buscou-se, de certo modo, desconstruir o conceito de indisciplina da maneira como o conhecemos hoje e é consenso entre os estudiosos do tema. Para tanto, recorremos à obra de Hannah Arendt e Michel Foucault a fim de encontrar os subsídios teóricos necessários para a problematização em questão, tendo em vista que os dois autores empreenderam, cada um a seu tempo, uma importante ontologia crítica do presente. Por fim, trouxemos o pensamento de Richard Sennett para nosso diagnóstico da educação moderna a partir das pistas levantadas pelo problema da indisciplina. / The school indiscipline has become object of many fields of study in the last three decades. Even though there is a hegemony of publications in the field of Psychology, there is a consensus among most researchers that this is a problem whose complexity requires the look of different theoretical frameworks. However, it is noteworthy the fact that, despite the important contribution of Philosophy with solid conceptual emplacements to much of the research that focus on the topic, the discussion of school indiscipline by the philosophical view has been almost nil. Given this finding, this study aimed to analyze the problem of school indiscipline in the light of the Philosophy of Education for believing that philosophical thinking allows the establishment of a counterpoint to the absolute truths of pedagogic discourse and therefore must have a relevant participation in discussions the theme. Accordingly, this study chose to make a genealogy of school indiscipline as a starting point for thinking what this problem can tell us about the modern education. We attempted to, in a sense, deconstruct the concept of indiscipline in the way we know it today and the consensus among scholars on the subject. For that, we turn to the work of Hannah Arendt and Michel Foucault in order to find the necessary theoretical basis for questioning in question, given that the two authors have undertaken, each in his own time, an important critical ontology of the present. Finally, we brought the thought of Richard Sennett to our diagnosis of modern education based on the problem of indiscipline.

This study examines the reactions — both in real life and on social media — to two terrorist attacks in Paris: satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo in January 2015 and the Bataclan shooting in November 2015. Using Richard Sennett's Fall of Public Man and Antonin Artaud's Le théâtre et son double to explore these reactions as theater, this approach reveals the religious nature of supposedly secular reactions to religious extremism.

A critical investigation of the public/private distinction as it has been conceived in Anglo-American political thinking in the second half of the 20th century. A broadly held consensus has developed amongst many theorists that public/private does not refer to any single determinate distinction or relationship but rather to an often ambiguous range of related but analytically distinct conceptual oppositions. The argument of this thesis is that if we approach public/private in the search for analytic or conceptual clarity then this consensus is correct. Against this I propose that a number of the most dominant invocations of the distinction can be understood to express public/private as an irreducibly political dialectic that mediates the relationship between the subjective and objective side of social and political life. By locating these conceptually diverse invocations within a broader and more determinate framework of the historical development and contestation of the boundaries which establish the conditions for subjectivity, as the assertion of political agency, on the one hand, and which demarcate, police and defend these particular boundaries, as part of the objectively given character of social life and institutional organisation, on the other hand, then a more determinate character to public/private can be recognized. I then seek to explore the capacity of this model to capture and explain the peculiar post-war problematisation of public/private amongst a number of new left thinkers in Britain and America.