Ce mémoire s'intéresse aux rôles des groupes communautaires LGBT et à leur influence sur le processus de formulation de la Politique québécoise de lutte contre l'homophobie. Il analyse les dynamiques entre les groupes représentant les intérêts des minorités sexuelles et de genres et le Gouvernement du Québec, pendant la période 2000-2011. Notre recherche mobilise un cadre théorique basé sur la théorie de la mobilisation des ressources, ainsi qu'une approche qui combine les outils de l'approche corporatiste et de l'approche pluraliste. Sur la base d'une analyse documentaire et de 6 entrevues menées avec des leaders communautaires LGBT et un.e fonctionnaire du Ministère de la justice, l'analyse révèle comment la question de l'homophobie au Québec a contribué à la création d'une relation corporatiste entre l'État et certains des groupes les mieux dotés en ressources. Elle offre également un regard nouveau sur les relations entre les groupes communautaires et les stratégies d'influences employées en fonction de leurs ressources / This masters thesis is about the roles of LGBT community groups and their influence on the creation of the Politique québécoise de lutte contre l'homophobie (Quebec's national policy against homophobia.) It analyses the dynamics between the groups representing the interests of sexual and gender minorities and the Quebec government, from 2000 to 2011. Our research uses a theoretical framework based on resource mobilization theory as well as an approach that combines the tools of the corporatist and pluralist approaches. On the basis of a documentary analysis and 6 interviews held with LGBT community leaders as well as official from the Ministry of Justice, the analysis reveals how the issue of homophobia in Quebec contributed to the creation of a corporatist relationship between the State and some of the groups controlling the most resources. It also offers a new perspective on the relations between community groups and the strategies they employ, as a function of their resources, to influence the State.

Introduction. The HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China keeps increasing sharply. A high proportion of the MSM in China have male regular sex partner (RP) and prevalence of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) involving such RP is higher than when non-RP is involved. Trust, intimacy and cognitive factors are the factors associated with UAI with RP. Several cross-sectional studies have been demonstrated the important factors associated with UAI with RP among MSM in China. However, no study about intervention for MSM-RP is found to be conducted. To reduce UAI with RP, an intervention tailored to RP is urgently developed and identified its efficacy. / Objectives. The study aimed to describe the prevalence of UAI, as well as of which associated factors among MSM-RP in Beijing and Chengdu, China, and to evaluate the efficacy of an enhanced HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) in increasing condom use with RP among MSMRP in China by a randomized controlled trial (RCT). / Subjects and Methods. A cross-sectional survey and a randomized controlled trial have been conducted. For the cross-sectional survey, total 307 HIV negative MSM who have RP have been recruited by three ways. Face to face interview has been conducted to participants. Based on the associated factors found in the cross-sectional survey, interventions including video, education leaflets and enhanced counseling contents have been tailored to RP among MSMRP. For the randomized controlled trial, total 336 MSMRP have been recruited and randomly assigned 169 subjects to the Intervention Group in which participants have been given enhanced VCT plus an audio-visual and four leaflets components and 167 subjects to the Control Group in which participants have been given only standard-of-care VCT at the baseline. Evaluation was conducted at Month 3 and 6. Statistical methods such as descriptive analyses, Chi-square test and logistic regression were used in this study. / Results. The results have been found were the prevalence of UAI with RP among MSMRP was 52.4%, and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) related cognitions, trust, intimacy, depression and anxiety were associated with UAI with RP among MSMRP. In the RCT study, participants in the Intervention Group had less UAI (36.1% vs. 49.1%) than those of the Control Group at Month 3. / Conclusions. This study showed a high prevalence of UAI among MSMRP, whilst trust, intimacy and cognitive factors were associated with UAI with RP. The efficacy of Enhanced VCT tailored to RP has been identified. The acceptability and feasibility of the tailored intervention were demonstrated. In the future HIV prevention programs, the effective intervention should be considered to be incorporated into standard-of-care VCT procedures and be implemented in the specific population. / 介紹：中國男男性接觸者中的愛滋病發病率一直保持著上升的狀態。而在中國男男性接觸者中有很大比例存在著固定性伴侶。男男性接觸者同固定性伴發生無保護肛交行為的比例大於其同非固定性伴。信任，親密以及認知因素已經被證實是影響男男性接觸者同其固定性伴發生無保護肛交行為的因素。但是在中國還沒有發現專門針對有固定性伴的男男性接觸者的干預研究。為了降低男男性接觸者同其固定性伴的無保護肛交的發生率，針對有固定性伴的男男性接觸者的干預方法應該被發展同時證實其有效性。 / 目的：本研究目的在於調查北京及成都男男性接觸者的固定性伴的比例，及其影響因素，包括健康行為理論的影響因素以及人際關係因素。同時，本研究也驗證了以隨機對照實驗來評估針對有固定性伴男男性接觸者的提高型愛滋病自願檢測諮詢對減少其高危性行為的效果。 / 對象與方法：本研究由橫斷面研究以及隨機對照試驗組成。在橫斷面調查中，307名愛滋病陰性的有固定性伴的男男性接觸者被招募。基於在橫斷面調查中發現的對男男性接觸者與固定性伴間發生無保護性行為的影響因素，一項專門針對有固定性伴的男男性接觸者的提高型愛滋病自願檢測諮詢干預方法被發展應用了隨機對照試驗中已驗證其有效性。在隨機對照試驗中，169名和167名研究對象被招募並分別被隨機分配到干預組（接受提高型愛滋病自願檢測諮詢）和對照組（接受標準型愛滋病自願檢測諮詢）中。分別於干預後的3個月和6個月回訪進行干預結果的評估。在本次研究中，運用了卡方检验和logistic回歸等統計學方法。 / 結果：在橫斷面調查中發現，男男性接觸者同固定性伴的無保護肛交發生率為52.4%。影響與固定性伴無保護肛交的因素包括：健康行為理論（TPB）相關的認知，信任，親密以及抑鬱和焦慮。在隨機對照試驗中發現，在3個月隨訪中干預組的男男性接觸者與固定性伴發生無保護肛交的比例較對照組明顯降低（36.1% vs. 49.1%）。 / 結論：本研究結果顯示中國男男性接觸者的固定性伴的比例很高，同時幾乎一半的有固定性伴的的男男性接觸者同時有多個性伴，這就有增加感染愛滋病及其他性病的風險。一項針對有固定性伴的男男性接觸者設計的提高型愛滋病自願檢測諮詢方法在降低其危險性行為上的可接受性和有效性已經被證實。提示在今後的愛滋病干預項目中可以進一步的推廣應用。 / Li, Chunrong. / Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 149-178). / Abstracts and appendixes also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 05, October, 2016). / Li, Chunrong. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

In this thesis, I engaged in a possibility of developing a Post-Heteronormative mission praxis with the black Pentecostal Christians and the sexual minorities in Polokwane, South Africa. The thesis critically examines the current heteronormative oriented mission praxis of the black Pentecostal Christians in Polokwane. It moves from the premise that the hegemonic position of heteronormativity within the black Pentecostal Christian’s circle in Polokwane needs to be problematized. I show in this thesis that the Christian church which challenged the social ill such as poverty, racism and apartheid in South Africa should take as its moral crusade the challenging of heteronormativity in the contemporary South Africa. Additionally, the re-reading of Biblical passage of scriptures when developing mission strategies is in a way recommended. Following the same recommendation, the sexual minorities in Polokwane are regarded as a type of the Good Samaritan. From a Samaritan who was marginalised because of his ethnicity however, Jesus placed him in a position of a good neighbour as presented in the Parable of the Good Samaritan. The black Pentecostal Christians in Polokwane are called to come out of their confines. They are further challenged to see the good in the lives of the sexual minorities. By doing that, they can in process discover the presence of God already at work in the lives of the sexual minorities. Consequently, the post-heteronormative mission praxis was defined in the following manner: Mission as going out to see the good in the lives of the sexual minorities. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)

Marginalization and stigmatization heighten the vulnerability of sexual minorities to inequitable health outcomes. Although men who have sex with men (MSM) are at elevated risk for HIV infection in India in comparison with the general population, there is a lack of MSM-focused research—particularly regarding stigma and mental health outcomes. This dissertation aimed to explore the influence of sexual stigma, gender non-conformity stigma and HIV-related stigma on depression and life satisfaction among MSM in South India. This study used a cross-sectional survey design and was conducted with MSM (n=200) in two locations in Tamil Nadu, South India: Chennai (urban) and Kumbakonam (semi-urban). Due to multicollinearity between sexual stigma and gender non-conformity stigma, the stronger predictor of each outcome (gender non-conformity stigma) was included in regression models. Results were analyzed to identify the associations between independent (gender non-conformity stigma, HIV-related stigma), moderator (social support, resilient coping) and dependent (depression, life satisfaction) variables. Due to significant differences between locations across a substantial number of variables, block regression analyses were conducted separately for each location. Higher levels of depression were predicted by gender non-conformity stigma in both locations, and also by HIV-related stigma in Kumbakonam. Lower levels of depression in both locations were predicted by higher levels of social support and resilient coping. Higher life satisfaction was predicted by social support and resilient coping in both Chennai and Kumbakonam. Lower life satisfaction was predicted by gender non-conformity stigma and HIV-related stigma in Kumbakonam, but not in Chennai. Social support and resilient coping did not moderate the impact of stigma(s) on depression or life satisfaction in either location. The results indicate that the majority of participants experienced stigmatization based on same-sex sexual behaviour and/or gender non-conformity. Another striking finding of the study was the alarmingly high rates of depression, whereby over half of participants in each region reported moderate to severe depression scores. Practice and policy implications include the development, implementation and evaluation of: multi-level stigma reduction interventions that account for socio-environmental and contextual factors; mental health interventions that promote resiliency and build social support; and policy initiatives to advance human rights protection.

Marginalization and stigmatization heighten the vulnerability of sexual minorities to inequitable health outcomes. Although men who have sex with men (MSM) are at elevated risk for HIV infection in India in comparison with the general population, there is a lack of MSM-focused research—particularly regarding stigma and mental health outcomes. This dissertation aimed to explore the influence of sexual stigma, gender non-conformity stigma and HIV-related stigma on depression and life satisfaction among MSM in South India. This study used a cross-sectional survey design and was conducted with MSM (n=200) in two locations in Tamil Nadu, South India: Chennai (urban) and Kumbakonam (semi-urban). Due to multicollinearity between sexual stigma and gender non-conformity stigma, the stronger predictor of each outcome (gender non-conformity stigma) was included in regression models. Results were analyzed to identify the associations between independent (gender non-conformity stigma, HIV-related stigma), moderator (social support, resilient coping) and dependent (depression, life satisfaction) variables. Due to significant differences between locations across a substantial number of variables, block regression analyses were conducted separately for each location. Higher levels of depression were predicted by gender non-conformity stigma in both locations, and also by HIV-related stigma in Kumbakonam. Lower levels of depression in both locations were predicted by higher levels of social support and resilient coping. Higher life satisfaction was predicted by social support and resilient coping in both Chennai and Kumbakonam. Lower life satisfaction was predicted by gender non-conformity stigma and HIV-related stigma in Kumbakonam, but not in Chennai. Social support and resilient coping did not moderate the impact of stigma(s) on depression or life satisfaction in either location. The results indicate that the majority of participants experienced stigmatization based on same-sex sexual behaviour and/or gender non-conformity. Another striking finding of the study was the alarmingly high rates of depression, whereby over half of participants in each region reported moderate to severe depression scores. Practice and policy implications include the development, implementation and evaluation of: multi-level stigma reduction interventions that account for socio-environmental and contextual factors; mental health interventions that promote resiliency and build social support; and policy initiatives to advance human rights protection.

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With the ultimate goal of illustrating the ways that queer youth employ change and act as agents of self-representation, this project examines the relationship between the It Gets Better Project, a queer adult project focused upon ‘bettering‘ the lives of their younger generation, and the Make it Better Project created in response by queer youth. This thesis addresses the following questions: How do adult conceptualizations of queer youth as vulnerable victims operate within discourses that employ queer youth as agents of change? In what ways do queer youth grapple with such conceptualizations? Furthermore, how might queer youth actively resist adult narratives of risk, vulnerability, and surveillance? Seeking to not only examine the ways in which queer youth negotiate adult narratives of adolescent risk and vulnerability, this project is organized to highlight the ways in which queer youth understand and experience their own representational and performative narratives, particularly when performed in response to adult narratives. In examination of the “It Gets Better: Dan and Terry” (2010a) and “It Gets Better: President Barack Obama” (2010c) vlogs of the It Gets Better Project, this thesis seeks to uncover the ways that assimilationist goals of inclusion, tolerance, and equality impact the intelligibility of queer youth. As a means for which to explore the possible resistance employed to counter such silencing mechanisms, the examination turns to three youth-produced vlogs of the Make it Better Project. An additional intent of the focus on the “LGBTQ Youth Speak Out”, “Make it Better Project” and “Make it Better Project - You Can Make it Better Now!” vlogs is to construct a space to analyze the complex and fluid dynamics of queer youth communities. With focus given to the various mechanisms employed by the adult and youth performers of these particular vlog-narratives, this project constructs an interdisciplinary framework of new social movement theory, new online media studies, queer theory, quare (queer of color) studies, feminist sociolinguistics, and critical youth studies as a means to position queer youth voices at the forefront of discussion. With the goal of continuing research that represents queer youth as agents of their own experiences, bodies, lives, and identities, it is my hope that the framework provided by this examination will inspire future work that highlights and centers the voices of queer youth. / text

Namibia continues to face an ongoing struggle in protecting the rights and civil liberties of its LGBT population with LGBT rights-based organisations in the country strongly relying upon their volunteers to take advantage of political opportunities and manage multiple visibilities. Despite a growing body of international research into volunteer motivation and the beneficial application of such knowledge in volunteer management strategies, a dearth of literature exists on the motives of volunteers within LGBT rights-based organisations. This study uses data from qualitative interviews with 6 formal volunteers from Namibian LGBT rights-based organisations to explore volunteer motivations. A thematic analysis of the research findings reveal the complex motivations underlying volunteering in these organisations. Volunteer motivations in Namibian LGBT rights-based organisations included: (a) addressing and promoting humanitarian concerns; (b) improved social interaction, integration and support; (c) self-regulatory opportunities for personal enhancement; (d) developing career prospects; and (e) responding to past homophobic incidents. Barriers to volunteering were also identified and included: (a) strained organisational resources; (b) LGBT discrimination; and (c) complacency. For volunteer recruitment and retention strategies to be effective, organisations need to recognise and satisfy volunteers’ motives while also properly training and assisting volunteers in their respective roles. Also, given the local LGBT community’s sense of complacency, Namibian LGBT rights-based organisations would greatly benefit by strategically engaging community members and working to overcome the community’s lack of urgency. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

1 Abstract Thesis title: The legal status of minorities in Russia This work is an overview of the legal status of minorities in Russia and their mutual interaction with the dominant nation in individual historical stages. Its subject is to explore changes in the status of minorities in political, cultural, linguistic, religious and fundamental human rights. This is put in the historical context and the influence of the state's minority policy on state integrity is examined, including the assessment of the adequacy of the state-legal arrangement for the needs of national minorities. The space is also devoted to the administrative division of the country, which plays an important role in Russian terms. The pros and cons of period legislation are evaluated. Its impact on the practical life of minorities is illustrated by examples of specific minorities. The work is structured chronologically, presenting the history of Russia primarily in terms of milestones relevant to national minorities. The first part devoted to the Russian Empire monitors its gradual expansion and differences in the legal status of the conquered nations. Approximately from the middle of the 19th century, the Russian legislation has been directed towards unification, resp. Rusification of the whole empire, while the causes and effects of...

Introducción: la población LGBTI busca atención médica con menor frecuencia y en etapas de enfermedad más avanzadas que la población general. Objetivos: identificar los factores asociados a la falta de búsqueda de atención médica en la población LGBTI en Perú en 2017. Metodología: se realizó un estudio observacional transversal analítico de fuente secundaria usando los datos de la Primera Encuesta Virtual para Personas LGBTI, 2017 en Perú. Se elaboró un modelo de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta para estimar las razones de prevalencias cruda y ajustada. Resultados: se incluyeron 5 646 participantes en el estudio. El 15.85% no buscó atención médica. El 74.04% vivía en Lima y Callao. El 29.84% no contaba con seguro de salud, mientras que el 46.42% refirió problemas de salud mental. Se encontró que la falta de búsqueda de atención médica fue más frecuente entre quienes viven en la región Centro, comparado con Lima (RP: 1.38, IC95%: 1.10-1.74, p = 0.006); quienes refirieron problemas de salud mental, comparado con tener problemas relacionados a enfermedades crónicas (RP: 8.81, IC95%: 6.10-12.71, p < 0.001); y los que no pueden expresar su sexualidad sin temor (RP: 1.23, IC95%: 1.08-1.39, p = 0.001). Conclusión: la falta de búsqueda de atención médica entre las personas LGBTI se asoció a vivir en la región Centro, padecer algún problema de salud mental y no poder expresar la sexualidad sin temor. / Background: LGBTI population use health care services less frequently and in more severe disease stages than general population. Aim: to describe factors associated with non-use of health care services by LGBTI population in Peru in 2017. Methods: we performed a cross-sectional analytical study using data from the First Virtual Survey for LGBTI Population, 2017 in Peru. We designed a Possion regression model with robust variance to estimate the crude and adjusted prevalence ratio. Results: we included 5 646 participants. 15.85% did not use health care services. 74.04% lived in Lima and Callao. 29.84% did not have any health insurance, while 46.42% referred mental health problems. The outcome was more frequent in participants that came from the Central region of Peru (PR: 1.38, CI95%: 1.10-1.74, p 0.006); those who referred mental health problems (PR: 8.81, CI95%: 6.10-12.71, p < 0.001); and in those who felt they could not express their sexuality without fear (PR: 1.23, CI95%: 1.08-1.39, p 0.001). Conclusion: non-use of health care services by LGBTI Peruvian population was associated with living in the Central region of Peru, having mental health problems and not being able to express one’s sexuality without fear. / Tesis