The aim of this study was to explore the knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention among adolescents aged between 14 and 16 years at the Tshwane West District. A qualitative exploratory descriptive contextual study was conducted. The World Café approach was used to obtain data from participants in this research. A questionnaire served as the data collection tool to extract data from participants. The study consisted of 37 participants and content analysis was done to analyse data gathered from participants during the World Café. Conclusions were drawn from the study and the findings revealed that the knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention among adolescents in the Tshwane West District is poor. / Health Studies / M.P.H.

This work investigates the exercise on preceptorship in the Program for Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, HIV, AIDS and Viral Hepatitis - STD/HIV/AIDS e HV from Maceió city related to the National Curriculum Directives - DCN on the learning of general skills recommended for professional practice in healthcare. It features an article entitled “Possibilidades e Desafios da Preceptoria no Programa DST/HIV/AIDS e Hepatites Virais de Maceió”. It is about a descriptive study of qualitative approach. For collecting and processing the data was used semi-structured interview technique based on content analysis. The study data point to the empirical knowledge of research participants about the role of preceptor and the ignorance about what recommends DCNs published in 2001 on skills development. Based on the results of the research it were elaborated two products: the first, in the form of systematic intervention project, called "Rodas de Conversas: tecendo diálogos – construindo caminhos" whose goal is to strengthen the teaching-service integration in STD/HIV/AIDS e HV; the second, a documentary video called "Programa DST/HIV/AIDS e HV: um espaço de aprendizagem” a tool to be made available for tutors in order to support them in reception and integration of students in service, enabling a larger view on program power for professional learning. The intention is that the proposed products can contribute to strengthening and expanding the preceptorship activity under the Health Surveillance, specifically in the STD/HIV/AIDS and HV Program, improving the reception and integration of students in the practice setting and strengthen dialogue between educational institutions and the service. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta pesquisa investigou o exercício da preceptoria no Programa de Prevenção e Controle das Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis, HIV, AIDS e Hepatites Virais – DST/HIV/AIDS e HV do Município de Maceió relacionado as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais – DCNs no que se refere ao aprendizado das competências gerais preconizadas para o exercício profissional na área da saúde. Apresenta um artigo intitulado “Possibilidades e Desafios da Preceptoria no Programa DST/HIV/AIDS e Hepatites Virais do Município de Maceió”. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa. Para coleta e tratamento dos dados foi utilizada a técnica da entrevista semi estruturada fundamentada na análise de conteúdo. Os dados deste estudo apontam para o conhecimento empírico dos participantes da pesquisa sobre o papel do preceptor e o desconhecimento sobre o que preconiza as DCNs publicadas em 2001 no desenvolvimento de competências. A partir do resultado da pesquisa foram elaborados dois produtos: o primeiro, na modalidade de projeto de intervenção sistemático, denominado “Rodas de Conversas: tecendo diálogos – construindo caminhos” cujo objetivo é fortalecer a integração ensino-serviço no Programa DST/HIV/AIDS e HV; o segundo, um vídeo documental denominado “Programa DST/HIV/AIDS e HV: um espaço de aprendizagem” ferramenta esta a ser disponibilizada para os preceptores com o objetivo de apoiá-los no acolhimento e integração dos estudantes no serviço, possibilitando uma visão ampliada sobre a potência do programa para a aprendizagem profissional. A intencionalidade é que os produtos propostos possam contribuir para fortalecer e ampliar a atividade de preceptoria no âmbito da Vigilância em Saúde, especificamente no Programa DST/HIV/AIDS e HV, melhorar o acolhimento e integração dos estudantes no cenário de prática e fortalecer o diálogo entre instituições de ensino e o serviço.

The diploma work deals with problems of the risk sexual behaviour of teenagers. The aim was to compare knowledge of teenagers about prevention of the risk sexual behaviour at the Secondary medical school and at the secondary schools without medical orientation. Quantitative research was put into practice for the purpose of the fulfilment of this aim. The method of the technique of interviewing and the standardized questionnaire were adopted and the data collection was realized with respondents from 4th classes of the selected secondary schools in Klatovy in 2007. It follows from the general evaluation that although respondents from the Secondary medical school have more knowledge about prevention of the risk sexual behaviour, at the present time negative characterizations of the sexual behaviour were found out. One of the problems is an area of the preventive impact in families and schools. The sex education of respondents from the secondary schools without medical orientation is completely insufficient. They are interested in it more at Secondary medical school but also here prevention is based only on giving information. We should lead teenagers to the restriction of the risk sexual behaviour not only by the influence of the area of knowledge but also of the area of their attitudes and skills. Next important role in prevention is played especially by the family and the school, which must work together, then out-of-school activities and doctors. Young people, who have clear aims in life, fixed individual values, communicate with their parents and are led in these important questions, have bigger strength to brave the pressure of people of the same age, advertisements and mass medias, which encourage them to the premature sexual life.

According to the 2005 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey, HIV prevalence in Gambella region where Fugnido refugee camp is located is 6%, which is the highest prevalence data recorded in the country. Similarly, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Health Information System (HIS) demonstrates that Fugnido has the highest HIV prevalence compared to other refugee camps in Ethiopia and furthermore shows variation in prevalence among the two main ethnic groups in the camp, namely Agnuak and Nuer (about 8.5% and 2.3% respectively). The study seeks to investigate why a significant difference exists in the number of people with known HIV positive status among the Agnuak community compared to the Nuer community in the Fugnido refugee camp in Ethiopia. It does this by investigating factors that are presumed to explain HIV high risk-behaviour and vulnerability. This was a cross-sectional study of Agnuak and Nuer tribes living at the Fugnido refugee camp. The sampled population involved men and women refugees from the ages of 15 to 49 years. The study used a mixed method approach or methodological triangulation. Cluster sampling technique was used for the quantitative data collection. The sample size was 831 refugees (439 Agnuak and 390 Nuer). Seven (7) Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and 3 Key Informant (KI) interviews was used for the qualitative data collection. Findings show that the Agnuak were almost 4 times (OR=3.8, 95% CI [1.9-7.4] p < 0.05) more likely to practice risky behaviour compared to 0.3 times (OR=0.3, 95% CI [0.1- 0.9] p < 0.05) likelihood among the Nuer refugees. Factors associated with differences in risky behaviour for both Agnuak and Nuer included, inter alia, primary education as the highest level of education attained, 50% among the Agnuak (OR=0.5, 95% CI [0.3-0.8] p < 0.05), compared to Nuer community’s 30% (OR=0.3, 95% CI [0.2-0.6] p < 0.05). Access to HIV and voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) services was lower for the Agnuak (OR=1.8, 95% CI [1.1-2.9] p < 0.05) compared to the Nuer (OR=2.9, 95% CI [1.6-5.1] p < 0.05). Unlike the Nuer refugees, the Agnuak refugees who had experienced forced sex (OR=7.3, 95% CI [2.9-18.8] p < 0.05) and had a positive attitude (lack of or reduced stigma) towards HIV (OR=2.1, 95% CI [1.3-3.7] p < 0.05) were more positively associated with risky 6 behaviour (than the Nuer). The Nuer had no factor associated with risky behaviour that was different from that of the Agnuak. The study revealed more Agnuak refugees than Nuer refugees had been engaged in risky sexual behaviour by having multiple sex partners and being involved in transactional sex. The Nuer was more closed and reserved to having sexual relations outside of their group than the Agnuak were which contributed to their relatively lower HIV prevalence. Furthermore, there was very low condom use among the Nuer community compared to the Agnuak community, which was based on differential attitudes between the two communities concerning trust of partner and monogamous relations. The study findings recommend that humanitarian workers and community partners need to collaborate to develop congruent HIV interventions that go beyond traditional strategies of distributing condoms and focus on correct and consistent use of condoms in the camp. Humanitarian and community workers’ understanding the socioeconomic context of the communities and the influence of cultural and other factors, including behaviour with intervention strategies,could also curb the epidemic. / Sociology / M.A. (Sociology)

This study explored preparatory students’ perceptions of the risk of contracting the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Ethopia. It utilised a non-experimental exploratory survey methodology. A range of findings was revealed. Most respondents (67.14%) were knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS and more than half of the respondents knew about STIs. A significant number of respondents (67.1%) were able to describe HIV transmission prevention methods. Twenty one percent of respondents were sexually active and 17.0% of these reported to have used condoms. Twenty nine percent and 4.25% of the respondents had selfperceived risk of contracting HIV infection and STIs respectively. In spite of increased awareness of HIV/AIDS, school youths still engage in high-risk sexual activities and believe that they are unlikely to contract the disease. The study findings have implications for practice, and recommendations are offered for further research / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

Submitted by Priscila Nascimento (pnascimento@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2013-04-04T12:50:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta_De_Cicco.pdf: 4498323 bytes, checksum: 319d5139fb190dd433ffe95be1553e8e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Priscila Nascimento(pnascimento@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2013-04-04T12:55:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta_De_Cicco.pdf: 4498323 bytes, checksum: 319d5139fb190dd433ffe95be1553e8e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-04T12:55:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta_De_Cicco.pdf: 4498323 bytes, checksum: 319d5139fb190dd433ffe95be1553e8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / O ensino das DST no contexto escolar apresenta potencialidades e limites resultantes de ações dos campos da saúde e da educação, principalmente de professores de biologia e das diferentes perspectivas culturais e sociais que repercutem nas atitudes e decisões dos sujeitos sobre sua sexualidade. No que tange as ações educativas voltadas à sexualidade, as práticas sociais de informação, educação e comunicação são importantes para a promoção da saúde no ensino. Entretanto, estudos sobre o impacto de programas de educação sexual direcionados a adolescentes vêm mostrando que estratégias de prevenção inspiradas em atividades ou programas não são suficientes para promover mudança nas práticas sexuais dos indivíduos. O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender as potencialidades e os limites do ensino das DST a partir da abordagem socioantropológica. O estudo inclui análise de documentos oficiais da saúde e da educação (incluindo o livro didático, a partir das Coleções de Biologia do Catálogo do PNLEM/2009), observação direta e entrevistas com alunos de 17 a 19 anos, e professores de biologia na faixa etária de 43 a 50 anos, de uma escola estadual da região metropolitana do RJ. Os resultados apontam que as DST nos livros didáticos estão em sua maioria associadas a aspectos estritamente biológico com maior ênfase na AIDS e encontrados sob a forma de textos complementares e/ou associado à reprodução humana. Contudo, o posicionamento e concepções dos jovens acerca da iniciação sexual trazem questionamentos relativos às atitudes e cuidados voltados a este evento que vão além do conteúdo biológico, indicam diferença de gênero a respeito das concepções de sexualidade, do processo saúde/doença, dos cuidados do corpo e as decisões que envolvem a iniciação sexual. Assinalam também as dificuldades práticas do ensino e nas estratégias de abordagem no contexto escolar. Apontamos, portanto, como relevante, a necessidade de se considerar os aspectos assinalados quando estivermos discutindo diferentes estratégias e possibilidades de abordagem do tema das DST no contexto do ensino. / STD education in the school environment presents potential and boundaries as a consequence of activities on health and education areas, especially from teachers of biology and from different cultural and social perspectives that have an effect on the attitude and decision of individuals about their sexuality. Regarding the educational activities about sexuality, social activities of information, education and communication are important for health promotion at school. However, studies about the impact of sex education programs focused on teenagers have shown that warning strategies inspired by activities or programs are not sufficient to make changes in the individual’s sexual attitude. The objective of this study is to understand the possibilities and limitations of the teaching of DST from the anthropological approach. The study includes analysis of official documents in health and education areas (including the textbook of the Collections Catalogue of PNLEM/2009 Biology), direct observation and interviews with students age between 17 to 19 and teachers of biology who are 43-50 years old, both study and work at a school in the metropolitan region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, respectively. The results indicate that DST, in the textbooks, are mostly associated to biological aspects only, emphasizing AIDS and are shown as complementary texts and / or associated with human reproduction. However, the young people’s behavior and point of view about the start of sexual life bring doubts concerning attitudes and care to this event beyond the organic content, indicate gender differences regarding the sexuality concept, health / disease process, the care about body and the decisions involving the start of sexual life. The young people also point out the difficulties of the teaching methods and strategies of approach in the school environment. We, therefore, highlight the need of considering the aspects emphasized in this study while discussing different strategies and possibilities for addressing the issue of STDs in the education context.

Para Foucault a sexualidade é um dispositivo histórico, ou seja, se constitui no movimento da história, sendo uma invenção social de um determinado tempo. Sua constituição se dá a partir das construções no campo discursivo sobre o sexo que abarca os saberes sobre ele, bem como sua normatização e regulação social através das produções de verdade. Este trabalho busca problematizar os discursos de alunos, mães e professores do Ensino Médio, acerca do tratamento dado às questões de sexualidade na escola. Para isto, tomou para participantes mães, professores e alunos de uma escola pública da rede estadual de ensino de nível médio da cidade do Recife. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa que utiliza como técnicas a observação participante e a entrevista de grupo focal. Os grupos foram formados por professores, mães e alunos da referida escola. Os participantes receberam um estímulo visual de imagens, de pessoas e símbolos, com variadas possibilidades de interpretação sobre o tema sexualidade e em seguida ouviram uma pergunta disparadora: como as questões sobre sexualidade circulam na escola? As discussões foram filmadas apenas para fins de análise, resguardando-se o sigilo total sobre a identidade dos participantes. A riqueza da discussão desse grupo heterogêneo possibilitou a aproximação do assunto com a realidade vivenciada pelos participantes. A construção dos dados indicou, entre outras questões, que os discursos de saber sobre a temática que perpassam os participantes no ambiente escolar priorizam uma sexualidade atravessada pelo discurso médico biologizante, especialmente no que diz respeito aos aspectos preventivos. Além disto, o sexo é tratado como algo que traz consequências predominantemente nocivas ao jovem e não como algo saudável que faz parte da vida, sobretudo no período de descobertas da adolescência. Os participantes referem que os discursos que circulam na escola sobre a temática são contraditórios: ora são incentivadores de uma prática da sexualidade, pois entendem que falar sobre o assunto é estimular a prática sexual, ora visam apenas à prevenção de doenças. Apesar da discussão sobre sexualidade ser considerada pelos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCNs) como um tema transversal, quando questionados a respeito de quem deveria tratar o tema nas escolas, os professores tendem a delegar esta tarefa a um profissional exterior ao ambiente escolar, sobretudo ao psicólogo. Na escola estas discussões acontecem, predominantemente, nas aulas de biologia e os alunos reforçam a importância deste espaço para tirar dúvidas, pois afirmam não conseguir dialogar abertamente sobre o assunto em casa. Não é comum a frequência dos pais/responsáveis nesta escola, fato que dificultou inicialmente a composição dos grupos. Além disso, em sua formação, contamos apenas com a participação de mães, apesar do convite ter sido feito, também, aos pais. A discussão sobre a sexualidade e seus desdobramentos na escola visa contribuir para novas perspectivas de trato sobre o tema, além de aproximar o diálogo entre pais, professores e alunos de modo que seus discursos não se apresentem como verdades isoladas de cada grupo, mas que possam interagir abrindo o debate para um campo de possibilidades que contribua positivamente para a vivência da sexualidade dos alunos. / According to Foucault, sexuality is an historical device, which means that it has been composed through the history as a social invention of a particular time. The establishment of sexuality starts from the development in the discursive field about sex that includes the knowledge about it, as well its regulation through real productions. This work seeks to question the discourse of students, parents and teachers of high school, about the treatment of the issues of sexuality in school. The participants in this qualitative research study were mothers, teachers and students in a state public high school in Recife-PE, who were observed and interviewed. They received a visual stimulus with images of people and symbols, with different possibilities of interpretation on the theme sexuality and then heard a prompt question: how are the sexuality issues circulating in the school? Discussions were filmed only for analysis purposes, protecting the participants identity. The construction of the data indicated, among other things, that the speeches about this topic surroundedbythe participants in the school environment prioritize a sexuality crossed by the medical discourse, especially regarding to the preventive aspects. In addition, sex is treated as something that brings predominantly negative consequences to the young people and not a healthy part of life, especially in adolescence discoveries period. Although the discussion about sexuality has been considered by the National Curriculum Parameters (PCNs) as a cross-cutting issue, when questioned about who should deal with the topic in schools, teachers tend to delegate this task to a professional outside the school environment, especially the psychologist. At school these discussions take place predominantly in Biology classes and students emphasize the importance of this space to ask questions. They state that they dont have the opportunity to talk about it at home openly. The low frequency of parents/guardians in this school initially hindered the composition of the groups. In addition, only the mothers participated in this study, although the invitation was made also to other guardians. The discussion about sexuality and its consequences at school aims to contribute to new perspectives on the topic, as well as closer the dialogue between parents, teachers and students. Therefore, their speeches would not present themselves as isolated truths of each group, but interact opening the debate to a field of possibilities that contribute positively to the experience of sexuality of the students.

O estudo investigou qualitativamente a vulnerabilidade às DSTs e ao HIV/aids em adolescentes que vivem na rua e estão envolvidas com a prostituição juvenil, com o uso de drogas e com a violência.Foram atendidas sete adolescentes, em entrevistas abertas e semi-dirigidas, apresentadas em bola de neve por informantes chaves.Observou-se que alguns dos motivos que levaram à prostituição dizem respeito à violência na família, a curiosidade em relação à rua, a afirmação de sua sexualidade, ao abuso de drogas e a precária situação econômica de suas famílias. Todos esses fatores associados aumentaram a sua vulnerabilidade e as distanciaram dos programas de saúde existentes. Assim, faz-se necessário a criação de estratégias que visem a busca ativa e a inserção de cada uma delas, respeitando cada singularidade / This quantitative study investigated vulnerability to HIV/AIDS among adolescents who live on the streets and are involved in prostituition, drugs and violence. A total of seven respondents were recruited using key informants and snowball sampling, and data was collected through semi-structured interviews. The findings highlighted that domestic violence, curiosity, assertion of sexuality, drug abuse and deprived socio-economic conditions of families were among the factors increasedindividuals vulnerability and prevent them from using existing health programmes. Hence, there is a need for strategies involving outreach work and that take into account individuals singularities

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:04:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ida Kuroki Borges.pdf: 479634 bytes, checksum: 43eba1b4260a208f19dbcb96d34bedda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12-13 / Adolescents in street situation likely exposed to STD/AIDS because the street world is favorable for violence use and traffic of drugs sexual exploration and also they had difficulties to assimilate information about this subject and to access health services These aspects had been discussed from the knowledge produced by health and social sciences about the sexuality vulnerability and exposition for the STD/AIDS of sheltered adolescents with previous life experience in the streets In this study we sough to identify and to analyze the social representations of prevention DST/AIDS for a group of adolescents with experience of life in the streets living in a shelter institution in Goiânia Goiás Brazil This inquiry has been based on social approach of qualitative research in health which social representations as methodological principle The data was collected by in-depth interview with a group of sheltered adolescents of both genres and diary-field notes from participant observations and analyzed by thematic modality of the content analysis As results we identified three thematic categories: omnipotence and finite prevention and risks bodies changes the knowledge of STD/AIDS to the adolescents prevention and sexuality in order to we verify that AIDS is better known among them than other STD In their understanding AIDS appears as incurable disease leading to death Although they know about risks they do not adopt a prevention behavior The risk factors are linked to their own powerful beliefs ignorance use of inject able drugs or others and difficulties to get condoms makes that diminishes the risks perceptions threshold and consequently also their protection attitudes The knowledge about sexuality is restricted to the physical and biological modifications not knowing exactly what is happening with their body in each phase of their physical affective sexual and social development Considering the irregularity that initiates their sexual life time some limitations to preventing their selves against STD appears These results allow us to consider about our responsibility to extending our activities beyond the limits of Academy and thus contributing to Public Policy elaboration through accords with governmental and non-governmental organizations by a community effort to propose effective projects of interventions for this population still unknown for great part of the society inside of its historical context / Os adolescentes em situação de rua apresentam maior vulnerabilidade às DST/HIV/AIDS por conviverem com a violência tráfico de drogas e exploração sexual inerentes ao universo das ruas e também devido às dificuldades de assimilação de informações sobre o assunto e acesso aos serviços de saúde Estes aspectos foram aprofundados com base no conhecimento produzido por diversas áreas quanto aos aspectos da sexualidade vulnerabilidade e exposição para as DST/AIDS de adolescentes abrigados com experiência pregressa de vida nas ruas O objetivo geral do estudo foi identificar e analisar as representações sociais da prevenção DST/HIV/AIDS por um grupo de adolescentes com experiência de vida nas ruas que vivem em uma instituição abrigo na cidade de Goiãnia Fundamentamos a investigação na abordagem social da pesquisa qualitativa em saúde tendo como princípio metodológico as representações sociais Os dados foram coletados por meio da entrevista semiestruturada junto a um grupo de adolescentes de ambos os sexos abrigados e observação participante anotadas em diário de campo O tratamento dos dados baseia-se na modalidade temática da análise de conteúdo Identificamos três categorias temáticas: os adolescentes e o conhecimento para as DST/HIV/AIDS prevenção e sexualidade através das quais verificamos que a AIDS é mais conhecida entre eles em detrimento de outras DST Na suas concepções a AIDS aparece como incurável levando fatalmente à morte Apesar de saberem dos riscos não utilizam dos meios de prevenção Os fatores de riscos ligados à crença de onipotência desinformação o uso abusivo de drogas injetáveis ou não dificuldade de acesso aos preservativos faz com que diminua o limiar da percepção de riscos e consequentemente a adoção de proteção O conhecimento da sexualidade é restrito às modificações físicas e biológicas não sabendo como lidar com o corpo nas fases de seu desenvolvimento físico afetivo sexual e social Pela irregularidade com que iniciam a vida sexual fazem com que de alguma maneira haja limitação no modo de se prevenirem contra as DST Estes resultados nos levam a considerar a responsabilidade de extendermos nossas atividades além dos limites da academia contribuindo assim com as Politicas Públicas através de convênios mantidos com organizações governamentais ou não no sentido de num esforço conjunto traçarmos projetos efetivos de intervenções para esta população ainda desconhecida dentro de seu contexto histórico por grande parte da sociedade

This study investigated influence strategies used by university students to negotiate condom use. The study examined the seven condom influence strategies (CISs) -withholding sex, direct request, seduction, relationship conceptualizing, risk information, deception, and pregnancy prevention- used by heterosexually active male and female students. The sample comprised of 156 first year students (male=44 and female=112). Statistically significant correlations were found among all the condom influence strategies subscales. Results suggest that the university students influence their partners in all identified condom influence strategies and the risk information strategy holds the most promise of all the strategies.