O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar o efeito do campo de ventos e do meandramento da Corrente do Brasil nas variabilidades hidrográfica e bioquímica ao largo da costa norte do Estado de São Paulo. Foram utilizados dados de temperatura, nutrientes e clorofila-a obtidos in situ mensalmente ao largo de Ubatuba entre dezembro de 2004 a abril de 2014, dados do campo de ventos do pacote Blended Sea Winds (NCDC/NOAA), além de Temperatura da Superfície do Mar e Clorofila-a da Superfície do Mar do sensor MODIS/AQUA. Os dados obtidos mostraram que na primavera o vento paralelo teve forte correlação com a temperatura em toda coluna de água, evidenciando a importância da intrusão remota nesta estação. No verão as altas correlações com o nitrato indicam a dominância de intrusão local. A correlação com a distância da Corrente do Brasil foi significativa com a clorofila-a, o nitrato e fosfato. Os resultados permitem inferir que o vento é o principal fator que determina a variabilidade hidrográfica e bioquímica na área de estudo, e que o meandramento da Corrente do Brasil teria papel secundário na dinâmica da plataforma continental interna. / The main goal of this work is to evaluate the effect of the wind field and Brazil Current meandering on hydrographic and biochemical variability off northern coast of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The dataset used were comprised of monthly samples of temperature, chlorophyll-a and nutrients acquired in situ in Ubatuba from December 2004 to April 2014, wind field derived from NCDC/NOAA Blended Sea Winds package, as well as sea surface temperature and sea surface chlorophyll remotely sensed by MODIS aboard Acqua satellite. Data analysis reveal a strong correlation of along-shore wind component with the water temperature in all depths at spring, pointing out the importance of remote intrusion and advection of South Atlantic Central Water at the sampling site. During summer, however, high correlation of said wind component with nitrate concentration show dominance of local intrusion processes. The distance between the sampling station and the Brazil Current front correlated significantly with chlorophyll-a, nitrate and phosphate. These results suggest that the wind is the main driver of biochemical and hydrographic variability at the study area, while the Brazil Current front meandering plays a secondary role in the internal shelf dynamics.

Submitted by Biblioteca de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica BGQ (bgq@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-05-12T17:27:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 COMPOSIÇÃO BIOGÊNICA E FLUXOS DO MATERIAL PARTICULADO NA PLATAFORMA CONTINENTAL DE CABO FRIO, BRASIL EXPERIMENTOS COM ARMADILHAS DE SEDIMENTOS DURANTE FUNDEIOS DA PRIMAVERA DE 2010 E OUTONO DE 2011.pdf: 4380478 bytes, checksum: a9469131095e97d77020eb0a649c8509 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T17:27:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 COMPOSIÇÃO BIOGÊNICA E FLUXOS DO MATERIAL PARTICULADO NA PLATAFORMA CONTINENTAL DE CABO FRIO, BRASIL EXPERIMENTOS COM ARMADILHAS DE SEDIMENTOS DURANTE FUNDEIOS DA PRIMAVERA DE 2010 E OUTONO DE 2011.pdf: 4380478 bytes, checksum: a9469131095e97d77020eb0a649c8509 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Química. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Niterói, RJ / O sistema de ressurgência de Cabo Frio (SRCF) é reconhecido como uma das áreas mais produtivas do leste da costa sul - americana, embora o papel do aporte continental como fertilizador das águas da plataforma continental tem sido negligenciado. Este estudo r elata dois experimentos de armadilhas de sedimentos localizados a - 50 m de profundidade (AS) e a - 100 m (AF) sobre a plataforma continental de Cabo Frio (profundidade local - 140 m, 23◦ 36' S - 041◦ 34' O). As armadilhas foram programadas para capturar mate rial particulado durante o processo de sedimentação em dois experimentos distintos, o primeiro no final da primavera de 2010 (por um período de 45 dias com 3 dias de integração para cada garrafa) e no outono de 2011 (por um período de 90 dias com 7 dias de integração para cada garrafa). Neste estudo são abordados os fluxos e a composição biogênica do material particulado (carbono orgânico, nitrogênio, δ 13 C e δ 15 N determinada por EA - IRMS), em conjunto com atribuições de sua provável origem. O fluxo de massa total capturado pelas armadilhas variou amplamente (1,06 - 52,7 mg.m - 2 .dia - 1 ). O fluxo de carbono orgânico particulado mostrou flutuações menores (0,33 - 5,37mgOC.m - 2 .dia - 1 ) onde os fluxos médios foram maiores para as armadilhas de fundo. Os resultados das correlações entre fatores isolados, tais como temperatura, divergência dos ventos, escoamento perpendicular e paralelo, e o fluxo de massa total não foram significativos, o que sugere que o fluxo de partículas não poderia ser explicado pelo controle de um único fator, mas pela interação de eventos na plataforma continental. Os resultados também indicam um forte componente de transporte advectivo na plataforma continental e, que as partículas capturadas pelas armadilhas em Cabo Frio são derivadas de uma mis tura de fontes que são influenciadas por múltiplos processos físico - químicos e oceanográficos. Partículas de origem marinha foram capturadas durante a maior parte do tempo, mas com contribuição de material continental, especialmente na armadilha do fundo, sugerindo uma possível origem em processos de sedimentação e ressuspensão de material continental na plataforma continental, provavelmente produto da degradação costeira ou de aportes fluviais. Desta forma o SRCF é um sistema altamente dinâmico e compartim entalizado, onde a formação, transporte e a dispersão de partículas são controlados por múltiplos processos onde o aporte continental desempenha um importante papel / ABSTRACT The Cabo Frio upwelling system (SRCF) is recognized as one of the more productive area of the Eastern South America n coast, although the role of the continental contribution as wate r fertilizer of the shelf has been neglected. This study reports two experiments of sediment traps positioned at 50 m (AS) and 100 m (AF) depth over the continental shelf of Cabo Frio ( local depth 140 m , 23 ◦ 36 ' S - 041 ◦ 34 ' W). The traps were scheduled to capture particulate matter during the sedim entation process in two experiments , the first in the late spring of 2010 (for a period of 45 days with 3 days of integration for each bottle ) and t he second in autumn of 2011 (for a period of 90 days with 7 days of integration for each bottle ). This work addresses the flux and the composition of biogenic particulate matter (organic carbon, nitrogen, δ 13 C and δ 15 N determined by EA - IRMS) with the attributes of their possible origin . The total mass flux captured by the traps varied widely (1.06 - 52.7 mg. m - 2 . day - 1 ). The flux of particulate organic carbon showed smaller fluctuations (0.33 - 5, 37mgOC. m - 2 . day - 1 ), where the mean flux at the bottom sediment traps was higher . The results of the correlations between isolated factors, such as temperature, divergent winds, cross - shelf and long - shelf flux, and the total mass fl ux were non significant, suggesting that the fl ux of particles could not be explained by the control of a singl e factor but b y the interaction of events on the continental shelf. P articles with m arine origin were captured during most of the time, but with the con tribution of continental material especially at the bottom trap, suggesting a possible origin in the sedimentation and res s uspension processes of contine ntal material in the shelf, probably the product of coastal degradation or river inputs. Thus , the SRCF is a highly dynamic and compartmentalized system , where the formation, transpor t and dispersion of particles are contr olled by multiple processes where continental input play an important role

The objective of this study was to verify the influence of the natural antioxidant, hidro-etanolic extract of yerba-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil), on the lipid oxidation, cholesterol content and profile of the fatty acids, of the meat of cut chickens, when submitted the dietary with natural antioxidant. The results of cholesterol assays the of chicken breast had varied of 32.17 the 52.90 mg/100g of meat, and 42.21 the 68.59 mg/100g of meat in the thigh cuts. The treatment with 0,3% of natural antioxidant for the chicken breast differed from the others treatments, getting low the cholesterol. The results of the test of inhibition of the oxidation had been of 21.81%, 63.64% and 50.91% respectively for 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7% of the natural antioxidant. The treatment with 0.7% of natural antioxidant, has presented the greater total phenols concentration (10.56g/ml), followed for treatments 0.5% (7.71g/ml) and 0.3% (5.29g/ml). The natural antioxidant provided a reduction of the cholesterol in the chicken meat, behavior that can be explained by potential the biological effect of phenolic composites as kidnapping of free radicals, acting in such a way in the stage of initiation as in the propagation of the oxidation process. These results suggest, therefore, an antioxidant effect of phenols identified in the extract hidro-etanolic of yerba-mate, on the mechanism of formation of the in vivo cholesterol of chickens. The natural antioxidant exerted a preponderant influence on the oxidation quality of the chicken meat, during the period of storage under refrigeration and freezing. The values of pH if had kept normal, the TBARS (2-thiobarbituric acid) suffered to a considerable increase with variation from 0.117- 1.053mg of malondialdehyde /kg and 0.078-0.780mg of alondialdehyde /kg for breast and thigh of chicken respectively, indicating reduction in the oxidation speed of the meat. In the period of freezing the values of TBARS for the thigh cut, (trat. 0.3%), greater stability was observed, an variation of 0.117-0.234 mg of malondialdehyde /kg until the two months of freezing, after this period was raised until 0.780mg of malondialdehyde /kg. The prolife fatty acid polyunsaturated n-3, in the cuts of chest of chicken (trat.0.3%) and greater insaturated fatty acid content. Was observed twenty six (26) fatty acid in the cuts of the breast and thigh of chicken. The fatty acid, C16:1, C18:1 , C18:2, C22:5 (DPA), C18:3 e C20:4, they had been found in greater porcentage that the other fatty acid in the cuts of chicken breast (trat. 0.3%) the percentage acid monoinsaturado oleic, of the family n-9, it presented higher level (2.10g/100g) that the observed in literature. Of this form it is possible to consider the use of the natural antioxidant of yerba-mate, with the purpose to have meats and products meat with important functional properties for the health human being. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência do antioxidante natural, extrato hidro-etanólico de erva mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil), sobre a oxidação lipídica, conteúdo de colesterol e perfil dos ácidos graxos, da carne de frangos de corte, quando submetidos á dieta com antioxidante natural. Os resultados dos teores de colesterol nos cortes de peito variaram de 32,17 a 52,90 mg/100g de carne, e de 42,21 a 68,59 mg/100g de carne nos cortes de coxa. O tratamento com 0,3% de antioxidante para o peito de frango diferiu dos demais tratamentos, obtendo o menor teor de colesterol. Os resultados do teste de inibição da oxidação foram de 21,81%, 63,64% e 50,91% respectivamente para 0,3%, 0,5% e 0,7% do antioxidante natural. O tratamento com 0,7% de antioxidante, apresentou a maior concentração de fenóis totais (10,56g/ml), seguidos pelos tratamentos 0,5% (7,71g/ml) e 0,3% (5,29g/ml). O antioxidante natural proporcionou uma diminuição do colesterol na carne de frango,comportamento que pode ser explicado pelo efeito biológico potencial dos compostos fenólicos como seqüestradores de radicais livres, agindo tanto na etapa de iniciação como na propagação do processo oxidativo. Estes resultados sugerem, portanto, um efeito antioxidante dos fenóis identificados no extrato hidro-etanólico de erva mate, sobre o mecanismo de formação do colesterol in vivo de frangos. O antioxidante natural exerceu uma influência preponderante sobre a qualidade oxidativa da carne de frango durante o período de armazenamento sob refrigeração e congelamento. Os valores de pH se mantiveram normais, o TBARS (substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico) sofreu um aumento considerável com variação de 0,117 a 1,053mg de malonaldeido/kg e de 0,078 a 0,780mg de malonaldeido/kg para peito e coxa de frango respectivamente, indicando diminuição na velocidade oxidativa da carne. No período de congelamento os valores de TBARS para os corte de coxa (trat. 0,3%), observou-se maior estabilidade, uma variação de 0,117 a 0,234mg de malonaldeido/kg até os dois meses de congelamento, após este período elevou-se até 0,780mg de malonaldeido/kg. O perfil de ácidos graxos mostrou aumento no conteúdo dos ácidos graxos poliinsaturados ômega 3 nos cortes de peito de frango (trat.0,3%) e maior conteúdo de ácidos graxos insaturados. Foram detectados vinte e seis (26) ácidos graxos nos cortes de peito e coxa de frango. Os ácidos graxos C16:1, C18:1 , C18:2, C22:5 (DPA), C18:3 e C20:4 foram encontrados em maior porcentagem que os demais ácidos graxos nos cortes de peito de frango (trat. 0,3%) o percentual do ácido monoinsaturado oléico , da família ômega-9, apresentou teores mais elevados (2,10g/100g) que os encontrados na literatura. Desta forma é possível propor a utilização do antioxidante natural de erva mate, com a finalidade de obter carnes e produtos cárneos com propriedades funcionais importantes para a saúde humana.

O camarão rosa (Farfantepenaeus subtilis) explotado pela pesca industrial na plataforma continental amazônica brasileira possui um ciclo de vida curto, mas complexo, habitando áreas oceânicas, mais ao norte da área de ocorrência, na fase adulta e larval, e áreas estuarinas e lagunares na fase de pós-larva e juvenil. O período de maior intensidade de reprodução se estende de maio a setembro e logo após a reprodução as larvas eclodem e iniciam sua migração para áreas costeiras, passando por diversas fases, onde se assentam e residem principalmente entre junho e outubro. A partir de setembro até janeiro do ano seguinte é maior a intensidade de recrutamento de juvenis às áreas oceânicas, onde passam a amadurecer e, a partir de dezembro, começam a ser capturados pela pesca industrial. A maior abundância da população adulta em termos de biomassa vai de março a agosto quando também se verificam as maiores capturas. As fêmeas crescem mais que os machos e estão presentes sempre em maior proporção nas capturas (61%). Os comprimentos assintóticos foram estimados em 231 mm ( k = 1,6 \'ano POT.-1\') e 205 mm (k = 0,94 \'ano POT.-1\'), para fêmeas e machos respectivamente. A população apresenta taxa de mortalidade natural relativamente elevada, 2,53 \'ano POT.-1\' para fêmeas e 1,83 \'ano POT.-1\' para machos, sendo observadas acentuadas flutuações de recrutamento e abundância, com evidências de que são fortemente governadas pelas condições ambientais. O estoque vem sendo explotado em níveis moderados nos anos recentes (E = 0,45), embora tenha sofrido elevadas taxas de explotação na década de 80, o que levou a uma redução do tamanho da população. O rendimento máximo sustentável, considerado uma média de longo prazo, foi estimado em 4.032 toneladas de cauda por ano, para um esforço de pesca de 19.370 dias de mar. Nos últimos anos, se observa uma tendência de recuperação da biomassa populacional, mas com as oscilações anuais características da espécie. A vazão do rio Amazonas é o fator ambiental que governa com mais intensidade as condições do ambiente costeiro na região e verificou-se que suas flutuações estão correlacionadas a alterações na abundância da população da espécie. Postula-se que o aporte e sobrevivência das larvas e pós-larvas no ambiente costeiro seja influenciada pela intensidade da vazão do rio. O período em que se assentam nos berçários na zona costeira coincide com a estação de vazante do rio, sendo a sobrevivência favorecida por vazões abaixo da média e vice-versa. Portanto, medidas de ordenamento voltadas para o uso sustentável do recurso devem estar associadas ao conhecimento das condições ambientais nesta fase, bem como a estudos sobre a abundância de pós-larvas e juvenis na faixa costeira. / The brown shrimp (Farfantepenaeus subtilis) exploited by the industrial fishery on the continental shelf of the Brazilian Amazon has a short but complex life cyele, inhabiting oceanic areas, at the north of the area of occurrence, during the adult and larval stages, and estuarine areas and lagoons in post-larval and juvenile. The period of highest intensity of reproduction extends from May to September and soon after the hatch, the larvae start their migration to coastal areas, passing through several stages, where they settle and remain resident between June and October. From September to January of the following year the intensity of recruitment to ocean areas is higher, and once there they start to mature and are caught by the industrial fishery from December on. The highest abundance of the adult population in terms of biomass is observed from March to August when the largest catches also occur. Females grow larger than males and are always present in greater proportion in catches (61%). The asymptotic lengths were estimated at 231 mm (k = 1.6 \'year POT.-1\') and 205 mm (k = 0.94 \'year POT.-1\') for females and males respectively. The population has a natural mortality rate relatively high, 2.53 \'year POT.-1\' for females and 1.83 \'years POT.-1\' for males, and pronounced fluctuations in recruitment and abundance are observed, with evidence of being strongly governed by environmental conditions. The stock has been exploited at moderate levels in recent years (E = 0.45), although it has suffered high rates of exploitation in the 80\'s, which led to a reduction in population size. The maximum sustainable yield, considered a long-term average, was estimated at 4,032 ton of tail per year for a fishing effort of 19,370 days at sea. In recent years, it is observed a tendency of recovering of the population biomass, but annual fluctuations are characteristics of the species. The flow of the Amazon River is the main environmental facto r that governs the conditions of the coastal environment in the region and it was found that it is correlated with the fluctuatícn of the brown shrimp population abundance. It is postulated that the uptake and survival of larvae and post larvae in the coastal environment is lnfluenced by the intensity of river flow, The period during which they settle at the nurseries in the coastal zone coincides with the dry season and their survival is favored when the flow of the river is below the average, and vice versa. Therefore, management measures aimed at sustainable use of the resource must be associated with the knowledge of environmental conditions during this phase, as well as studies on the abundance of post-larvae and juveniles in the coastal zone.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar o efeito do campo de ventos e do meandramento da Corrente do Brasil nas variabilidades hidrográfica e bioquímica ao largo da costa norte do Estado de São Paulo. Foram utilizados dados de temperatura, nutrientes e clorofila-a obtidos in situ mensalmente ao largo de Ubatuba entre dezembro de 2004 a abril de 2014, dados do campo de ventos do pacote Blended Sea Winds (NCDC/NOAA), além de Temperatura da Superfície do Mar e Clorofila-a da Superfície do Mar do sensor MODIS/AQUA. Os dados obtidos mostraram que na primavera o vento paralelo teve forte correlação com a temperatura em toda coluna de água, evidenciando a importância da intrusão remota nesta estação. No verão as altas correlações com o nitrato indicam a dominância de intrusão local. A correlação com a distância da Corrente do Brasil foi significativa com a clorofila-a, o nitrato e fosfato. Os resultados permitem inferir que o vento é o principal fator que determina a variabilidade hidrográfica e bioquímica na área de estudo, e que o meandramento da Corrente do Brasil teria papel secundário na dinâmica da plataforma continental interna. / The main goal of this work is to evaluate the effect of the wind field and Brazil Current meandering on hydrographic and biochemical variability off northern coast of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The dataset used were comprised of monthly samples of temperature, chlorophyll-a and nutrients acquired in situ in Ubatuba from December 2004 to April 2014, wind field derived from NCDC/NOAA Blended Sea Winds package, as well as sea surface temperature and sea surface chlorophyll remotely sensed by MODIS aboard Acqua satellite. Data analysis reveal a strong correlation of along-shore wind component with the water temperature in all depths at spring, pointing out the importance of remote intrusion and advection of South Atlantic Central Water at the sampling site. During summer, however, high correlation of said wind component with nitrate concentration show dominance of local intrusion processes. The distance between the sampling station and the Brazil Current front correlated significantly with chlorophyll-a, nitrate and phosphate. These results suggest that the wind is the main driver of biochemical and hydrographic variability at the study area, while the Brazil Current front meandering plays a secondary role in the internal shelf dynamics.

This thesis focuses on the support of software applications development using mathematical and statistical methods. One of the topics related to this issue is inventory management. The thesis deals with inventory management in the pizzeria, which I have thoroughly analyzed and based on the data and methods needed to design a software application to simplify and accelerate the supply of raw materials.

The aim of this thesis is automatic movable shelves feeder design. the feeder is part of vertical lift storage system Logimat Total weight of movable shelf is 760 kg. The technical report contains feeder design calculation, feeder’s main parts strength calculation and the design of the way of picking the movable shelf from the storage lift. The report also contains feeder’s frame strength analysis using finite element method and sensor design for motion control.

Introduction. The Apple shelf is an established concept at public libraries in Sweden. These shelves contain accessible books and other media for disabled people of varying ages. A recent discussion within the librarian profession challenges the name – is there a better alternative to “The Apple shelf”? Our study aimed to gather both librarian and target group opinions of the current name and its suggested alternatives, and attempts to understand potential stigmatization with the application of Goffmans stigma theory.      Method. A multimethod (triangulation) approach was applied to collect data. An online survey was sent to all public libraries in the regions of Västerbotten, Västmanland and Uppsala; semi-structured interviews were conducted with librarians, parents of disabled children, and a disabled youth accompanied by an aide; and an instance of participant observation was done in a network meeting setting. Recorded and transcribed interviews, survey responses, and meeting notes respectively formed the basis for the study’s analysis.  Analysis. A qualitative thematic analysis of the collected data found 4 common themes: (1) User and Target Group, (2) Name, (3) Shelf Arrangement, and (4) Awareness and Marketing. Goffman’s stigma theory was applied to each theme to highlight stigmatization risks related to both the existing name and proposed alternatives. Results. The Apple Shelf caters to a wider audience than originally intended. Both the current ”Apple Shelf” name and its proposed alternatives have advantages and disadvantages related to stigmatization.  Conclusion. Regardless of what name is chosen for Apple shelf it must be explained and marketed to the public. We argue that including disabled people in library changes, as well as actively updating and promoting the shelf locally, are more important than this change of name.     This is a two-year master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.

The seasonal retreat of sea ice in the austral spring and summer around Antarctica has a significant effect on phytoplankton activity, mainly due to light availability, meltwater input of dissolved iron, and surface water stratification. Phytoplankton produce dimethylsulfoniopropionate, the precursor to the climate-cooling gas dimethyl sulphide, which is ventilated to the atmosphere and oxidised to methane sulphonic acid (MSA). MSA is preserved in firn and ice cores from both the Arctic and Antarctica. Attempts to reconstruct sea ice conditions in different regions of Antarctica with the help of MSA records from ice cores have had varying success, highlighting the often-regional relationship between ice core MSA and sea ice. This study uses MSA records from three firn cores and one ice core drilled on Fimbul Ice Shelf in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, to investigate the relationship to satellite-derived sea ice extent (SIE) in five sectors of the Southern Ocean. Chlorophyll-a concentrations, serving as a measure of phytoplankton biomass, are correlated to the MSA records to further test the MSA – SIE relationship. The firn cores are named after the ice rise where they were drilled: Kupol Ciolkovskogo (KC), Kupol Moskovskij (KM), and Blåskimen Island (BI). The ice core is named S100. The results show that there is a significant, yet weak positive correlation between summer MSA in the KM core and winter SIE in the Weddell Sea Sector. There is also a significant, weak positive correlation between summer MSA in the BI core and summer chlorophyll-a concentrations in the Weddell Sea Sector. There are no significant correlations between MSA in the low-accumulation KC or S100 cores and SIE or chlorophyll-a concentrations. Furthermore, the two high-accumulation core sites in this study, BI and KM, do not display the same relationship between MSA and SIE or MSA and chlorophyll-a, which is likely due to very local wind patterns. Surface winds on Fimbul Ice Shelf are easterly or north-easterly which results in a more coastal influence at the KM site compared to the BI site, likely introducing the differences observed when comparing the two MSA records. More research aimed at evaluating the meteorological conditions that prevail at the core sites is needed to further assess the use of the MSA records from the high-accumulation ice rise cores BI and KM as proxies for SIE in the Weddell Sea region, but in their current state these MSA records are not suitable to use for sea ice reconstruction. / Havsisen kring Antarktis smälter årligen under vår- och sommarmånaderna, vilket har en betydande inverkan på fytoplankton eftersom isen reglerar tillgången till solljus, det viktiga näringsämnet järn samt vattenkolumnens stabilitet. Fytoplankton producerar ämnet dimetylsulfid som oxideras till metansulfonsyra (MSA) i atmosfären. MSA kan sedan transporteras till Antarktis där det avsätts och bevaras i snön. Genom att borra upp iskärnor kan man erhålla ett daterat MSA-arkiv, som i flera fall har använts för att försöka rekonstruera havsisens utbredning. Dessa försök har haft varierande framgång, vilket beror på att förhållandet mellan MSA och havsis ofta är regionalt betingat. I den här studien har MSA-arkiven från tre firnkärnor och en iskärna tagna från Fimbulisen i Dronning Maud Land, Östra Antarktis, använts för att undersöka förhållandet till havsisutbredning i Antarktiska Oceanen. Dessutom har klorofyll-a, ett sätt att mäta fytoplanktonens biomassa i havet, också korrelerats till MSA-arkiven för att ytterligare testa förhållandet mellan MSA och havsis. Firnkärnorna är döpta efter platsen de borrades på: Kupol Ciolkovskogo (KC), Kupol Moskovskij (KM) och Blåskimen Island (BI). Iskärnan kallas S100. Resultaten av korrelationsberäkningarna påvisar en signifikant men svagt positiv korrelation mellan sommar-MSA i KM-kärnan och havsisutbredning under vintern i Weddellhavet. Dessutom finns det en signifikant, svag korrelation mellan sommar-MSA i BI-kärnan och klorofyll-a under sommaren i Weddellhavet. Inga signifikanta korrelationer mellan MSA i KC- eller S100-kärnorna och havsis eller klorofyll-a kan påvisas. Det faktum att MSA-arkiven från BI- och KM-kärnorna inte uppvisar samma förhållande till havsisutbredning eller klorofyll-a kan förklaras av de lokala vind- och transportmönstren som är aktiva på olika delar av Fimbulisen. Marknära vindar är ostliga eller nordostliga i det här området vilket resulterar i ett högre inflytande av kustliga vindar vid KM jämfört med vid BI. Detta är förmodligen tillräckligt för att påverka MSA-arkiven att uppvisa olika korrelationsmönster till havsis och klorofyll-a. För att fortsatt utreda lämpligheten av MSA-arkiven från KM och BI för att rekonstruera havsisutbredning i Weddellhavet behövs mer forskning kring de specifika meteorologiska förhållanden som är aktiva på Fimbulisen.

Background: With increasing clinical use of NK-92 cells and their CAR-modified derivatives in cancer immunotherapy, there is a growing demand for efficient production processes of these “off-the-shelf” therapeutics. In order to ensure safety and prevent the occurrence of secondary tumors, (CAR-)NK-92 cell proliferation has to be inactivated before transfusion. This is commonly achieved by gamma irradiation. Recently, we showed proof of concept that low energy electron irradiation (LEEI) is a new method for NK-92 inactivation. LEEI has several advantages over gamma irradiation, including a faster reaction time, a more reproducible dose rate and much less requirements on radiation shielding. Here, LEEI was further evaluated as a promising alternative to gamma irradiation yielding cells with highly maintained cytotoxic effector function. Methods: Effectiveness and efficiency of LEEI and gamma irradiation were analyzed using NK-92 and CD123-directed CAR-NK-92 cells. LEE-irradiated cells were extensively characterized and compared to gamma-irradiated cells via flow cytometry, cytotoxicity assays, and comet assays, amongst others. Results: Our results show that both irradiation methods caused a progressive decrease in cell viability and are, therefore, suitable for inhibition of cell proliferation. Notably, the NKmediated specific lysis of tumor cells was maintained at stable levels for three days postirradiation, with a trend towards higher activities after LEEI treatment as compared to gamma irradiation. Both gamma irradiation as well as LEEI led to substantial DNA damage and an accumulation of irradiated cells in the G2/M cell cycle phases. In addition, transcriptomic analysis of irradiated cells revealed approximately 12-fold more differentially expressed genes two hours after gamma irradiation, compared to LEEI. Analysis of surface molecules revealed an irradiation-induced decrease in surface expression of CD56, but no changes in the levels of the activating receptors NKp46, NKG2D, or NKp30. Conclusions: The presented data show that LEEI inactivates (CAR-)NK-92 cells as efficiently as gamma irradiation, but with less impact on the overall gene expression. Due to logistic advantages, LEEI might provide a superior alternative for the manufacture of (CAR-)NK-92 cells for clinical application.