Five years ago at the age of 14, Rutendo Chaibva was double-orphaned by AIDS. A "Family Post Bereavement Property and Responsibilities Disbursement Committee" assigned her uncle Eric Gara as "replacement parent". Rutendo and her " replacement mother" Gerlinda were co-participants in the Participatory Action Research Study. It started in a therapeutic relationship after the family experienced some difficulties in integrating Rutendo into the reconstituted family. Both the therapy and research conversations explored and identified several pastoral and other challenges that militated against the integration process. Rutendo and Gerlinda's road was littered with, among others, minefields of silence and tears, secrecy, multiple losses, unresolved bereavement, unfinished business, anger, fear, and groping for Christian fellowship. It was concluded that personal, family, pastoral and other challenges, and, HIV/AIDS related complexities had militated against the integration process. At the end, Rutendo and Gerlinda acknowledged that therapy and the research processes had impacted positively on the integration process that improved significantly. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Div. (Pastoral therapy)

[pt] Livros particularizados pela importância e predomínio da fotografia são frequentemente definidos como livros fotográficos ou fotolivros. São fenômenos caracterizados principalmente pela maneira como relacionam as imagens fotográficas entre si e com outros sistemas de signos (texto verbal, pintura, desenho, tipografia, projeto gráfico etc.), e pela forma como exploram a materialidade do livro. Em nossa tese, a montagem é o princípio por meio do qual os livros fotográficos são construídos e estruturados. Ela consiste no principal processo que regula as relações entre as partes que compõem essas obras. Quatro importantes fotolivros brasileiros, publicados na segunda metade do século XX, são observados nesta pesquisa. São eles Viagem pelo Fantástico, de Boris Kossoy (1971); Amazônia, de Claudia Andujar & George Love (1978); São Paulo Anotações, de George Love (1982); e Silent Book, de Miguel Rio Branco (1997). Utilizamos a teoria eisensteiniana para descrever esses trabalhos e verificamos que, como um princípio, a montagem pode ser observada, em vários níveis, como reguladora das relações que estruturam os fotolivros. Cada imagem fotográfica ocorre como uma montagem e, por sua vez, participa das justaposições que acontecem nas páginas, dípticos e trípticos. As partes que definem a obra, sequenciadas, atuam umas sobre as outras obedecendo a princípios semelhantes em novas escalas. O processo ocorre sucessivamente e produz a obra como uma imagem (no sentido proposto por Eisenstein). / [en] Books particularized by the importance and predominance of photography are often defined as photographic books or photobooks. They are phenomena characterized mainly by the way they relate photographic images to each other and to other sign systems (verbal text, painting, drawing, typography, graphic design, etc.), and by the way they explore the materiality of the book. In our thesis, montage is the principle by which photographic books are built and structured. It is the main process regulating the relations between the parties of these works. Four important Brazilian photographic books, published in the second half of the 20th century, are observed in this research. They are Viagem pelo Fantástico [Journey into the Fantastic], by Boris Kossoy (1971); Amazônia, by Claudia Andujar and George Love (1978); São Paulo Anotações [São Paulo Notes], by George Love (1982); and Silent Book, by Miguel Rio Branco (1997). We describe and analyze these works according to Eisenstein s theory. We verify that, as a principle, the montage can be observed structuring these photobooks in several levels. Each photographic image works as montage and, in turn, it participates in the juxtapositions on the pages, diptychs and triptychs. Sequenced, the parts defining the work act on each other obeying similar principles at new scales. This process occurs successively and produces the work as an image (in the sense proposed by Eisenstein).

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / Full text to be digitised and attached to bibliographic record. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This assignment is devoted to an in depth analysis of the pro- and the contra-positions in the long-standing and costly debate about the question whether to spray with DDT or not in the fight against malaria. I argue that the dilemma whether or not to spray with DDT is born out of a political agenda, hype, exaggeration and misinformation of the first order. Radical environmentalists appear to insist that DDT is a principal contributor of environmental degradation, and the major cause of death amongst wildlife and humans. Worse still, many Western people seem to be under the impression that mosquitoes cannot cause so much human misery as purported, and that malaria is caused by some kind of plant form of life, or even a virus. The proponents of DDT, on the other hand, appear to be convinced that DDT is a saviour of humankind, and argue that the horrors associated with DDT are exaggerated and baseless, as they are not backed by scientific inquiry. Proponents of DDT also believe that anything that is overused may kill, even ordinary table salt. Inthis assignment, both of these positions are scrutinized. On the basis of an historical overview in Chapter I of the history of the use of DDT, and the emergence of the debate about DDT in the wake of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring (1962), Chapter 2 is devoted to an evaluation of seven basic arguments against the use of DDT, while in Chapter 3 six arguments for the use of DDT are weighed. In Chapter 4 a resolution of the dilemma is proposed in which a case is made for a limited use of DDT only for indoor spraying of huts and houses against malaria mosquitoes until such time as a less dangerous alternative for DDT is found that can be used as effectively in the fight against malaria. As such, this case is informed by the strong moral conviction that we cannot allow poor people of colour to die because of a general ban on the use of DDT. Further research on this ethical debate is encouraged. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie werkstuk is toegespits op 'n in-diepte analise van die pro- en kontra-posisies in die voortslepende, asook duur debat oor die gebruik van DDT al dan nie in die bekamping van Malaria. Ek argumenteer dat die dilemma rondom die vraag of DDT gebruik moet word of nie, aangewakker word deur politieke agendas, sensasie, oordrywing en foutiewe informasie van die eerste orde. Radikale omgewingsgesindes dring oënskynlik daarop aan dat die gebruik van DDT 'n hoof-oorsaak is van die agteruitgang van die omgewing, asook 'n primêre oorsaak van dood onder wild en mense. Erger nog, dit wil voorkom of heelwat Westerse mense onder die indruk is dat muskiete nie werklik soveel menslike lyding kan veroorsaak as wat voorgegee word nie, en dat malaria eerder veroorsaak word deur 'n sekere soort plantvorm van lewe, of selfs deur 'n virus. Die voorstaanders van DDT, aan die ander kant, is klaarblyklik oortuig dat DDT 'n redder van die mensdom is, en argumenteer dat die gruwels wat geassosieer word met DDT 'n grondelose oordrywing is, aangesien dit nie deur wetenskaplike ondersoek gesteun word nie. Voorstaanders van DDT glo verder dat enige stof wat in oormaat gebruik word, die dood kan veroorsaak, selfs gewone tafelsout. In hierdie werkstuk word albei hierdie posisies krities bestudeer en bespreek. Op grond van 'n historiese oorsig in Hoofstuk 1 oor die gebruik van DDT, en die ontstaan van die debat oor DDT na aanleiding van Rachel Carson se Silent Spring (1962), word Hoofstuk: 2 gewy aan 'n evaluasie van sewe basiese argumente teen die gebruik van DDT, terwyl in Hoofstuk 3 ses argumente vir die gebruik van DDT oorweeg word. In Hoofstuk 4 word 'n voorstel gemaak vir die resolusie van die dilemma deur 'n saak uit te maak vir die beperkte gebruik van DDT, nl. slegs vir binneshuise gebruik in hutte en huise teen malaria-muskiete tot tyd en wyl 'n minder gevaarlike alternatief vir DDT gevind word wat net so effektief sal wees in die stryd teen malaria. As sulks word hierdie studie gerugsteun deur die sterk morele oortuiging dat ons nie kan toelaat dat mense van kleur sterf as gevolg van 'n algemene verbod op die gebruik van DDT nie. Verdere navorsing oor hierdie etiese debat word aangemoedig.

Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The thesis deals with the notion that individuation in drawing provides visible evidence of experiential cognition as embodied action. It asserts that trait as enaction signifies constructive and inventive processes that involve the body-mind. Trait emerges as nonrepresentationist, non-expressive component of drawing that marks the pre-conceptual as conceptual. Therefore, drawing functions as a complex interface between drafter and world that unifies antimonies such as inside and outside; convention and invention; remoteness and intimacy; body and mind; and subject and object. The thesis outlines drawing as a self-reflexive research process that constructs and invents. An understanding of trait as invention, the thesis proposes, can aid the drawing facilitator at higher education level to develop individual student drafters’ creativity. The thesis therefore argues for a form of drawing facilitation that is responsive to the complex interaction between the self and the world. Responsive mediation develops and celebrates diversity in socio-cultural heritage, personal history, and individual differences. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die idee dat verpersoonlikte trekke in tekenkuns sigbare aanduiding van enaktiewe vergestalting van kognisie is, vorm die onderwerp van hierdie tesis. Die tesis stel dit dat vergestaltende ervaringskognisie, as die tekenaar se ervaringsbetrokkenheid, geïndividueerde begrip, vaardigheid, sintese en betekenisvorming moontlik maak en ontwikkel. Verpersoonlikte trekke in tekenkuns blyk van non-representatiewe en non-ekspressiewe oorsprong te wees aldaar dit die prekonseptuele as die konseptuele merk. Dit ondersteun die gedagte dat tekenkuns as ’n komplekse koppelvlak tussen tekenaar en omwêreld funksioneer. As koppelvlak word die tekenkuns verwesenlik as ’n sigbare samevloeiing van dualiteite soos binne en buite, die gewone en verdigting, afstand en intimiteit, subjek en objek, liggaam en gees. Ingevolge ’n enaktiewe beskouing van die tekenkuns kan die tekenhandeling beskryf word as ’n selfrefleksiewe navorsingsproses wat kreatiwiteit ondersteun. Sodanige beskouing van die tekenkuns, lui die argument, kan die fasiliteerder op ’n hoër onderwysvlak help om individuele tekenstudente se kreatiwiteit te bevorder. Daaruit vloei die voorstel vir ’n vorm van fasilitering wat gevoelig is vir die ingewikkelde interaksie tussen die self en die omgewing. ’n Vorm van mediasie wat dit in ag neem, skep nie alleen ruimte vir diversiteit wat betref sosio-kulturele herkoms, persoonlike geskiedenis en individuele verskille nie, maar ontwikkel en vier ook dié soort diversiteit.

<p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a devastating illness that afflicts around 2% of the world's population with recurrent distressing thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive ritualistic behaviors (compulsions). While dysfunction at excitatory glutaminergic excitatory synapses leading to hyperactivity of the orbitofrontal cortex and head of the caudate - brain regions involved in reinforcement learning - are implicated in the pathology of OCD, clinical studies involving patients are unable to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying this cortico-striatal circuitry defect. Since OCD is highly heritable, recent studies using mutant mouse models have shed light on the cellular pathology mediating OCD symptoms. These studies point toward a crucial role for deltaFosB, a persistent transcription factor that accumulates with chronic neuronal activity and is involved in various diseases of the striatum. Furthermore, elevated deltaFosB levels results in the transcriptional upregulation of Grin2b, which codes GluN2B, an N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) subunit required for the formation and maintenance of silent synapses. Taken together, the current evidence indicates that deltaFosB-mediated expression of aberrant silent synapses in caudate medium spiny neurons (MSNs), in particular D1 dopamine-receptor expressing MSNs (D1 MSNs), mediates the defective cortico-striatal synaptic transmission that underlies compulsive behavior in OCD.</p> / Dissertation

My thesis is about mapping of silent reading mode with understanding among students at five grade of basic school. The thesis is divided into two parts - the theoretical part and empiric part. In the theoretical part the thesis is focused on the theory of silent reading, comprehension of what we read and you can find the description of context of listening versus the silent reading there. The attention is focused on approaches to reading, the diagnostic of reading and the preconditions which are projected into reading. The empiric part is based on two levels of settled aims - the primary aim and the secondary aim. The adaptation of the test of the silent reading, We are going on a trip, is the primary aim. In terms of this aim we will investigate discriminatory and reflective value of the test at the fifth classes. The thesis is engaging in itemized analysis of individual questions of test. You can read there about dynamics of the development from the side of student's progress at the start and end of the school year. In terms of secondary aim the results were processed by quantitative methodology and it is discussed from the view of the pattern of reading (usual writing and Comenia Script) and from the view of gender. The evaluation of differences between the original version and new one of the...

Det här kandidatarbetet handlar om rörlig bild med miljöförstöring som tema och hur designfiktion tillsammans med berättande kan användas för att skapa rörlig bild. För att undersöka hur berättande och val av gestaltningsmetod påverkar budskap har olika produktioner inom rörlig bild diskuterats. Utifrån undersökningen har designfiktion och stopmotion gjorts som metodval i skapandet av gestaltningen. Som resultat diskuteras designfiktion som designmetod för skapande av framtida världar med miljöförstöring som tema samt berättandets påverkan av budskap. / This bachelor’s thesis is about motion pictures with pollution as a theme and how designfiction together with narrative can be used to create motion pictures. To research how narrative and choice of designmethod affects silent messages, a research about other motion graphics has been discussed. Based on the research, design fiction and stop motion has been choosen as a method of creating design. As result of the thesis, design fiction is discussed as a design method for the creation of future worlds with pollution as a theme and the narrative's influence on silent messages.

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie har varit att ta reda på vad läsforskningen anser som viktiga faktorer för elevers läsförståelse samt vad läsforskningen anser om läsförståelsestrategier och dess positiva verkan på elevers läsförståelse. Det framkom i denna litteraturstudie att forskningen anser att en lärares kunskap, speciellt i elevers läsutveckling och hur man undervisar i läsförståelse är en viktig faktor för en framgångsrik läs-och skrivutveckling. Resultatet för denna studie visade bland annat att läsforskningen anser att läsförståelsestrategier främjar elevers läsförståelse samtidigt som det i svenska skolor och deras undervisning visade sig att det inte ges speciellt mycket tid för läsförståelse. Att den svenska skolan i sin undervisning inte ger mycket tid till läsförståelse anses bero på lärares okunskap. Detta kan således vara en anledning till svenska elevers allt sämre resultat i de tidigare undersökningarna som PIRLS och PISA genomförde 2000– 2012. / <p>Svenska</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Juliana Santos.pdf: 3771158 bytes, checksum: 4665b58939795b108185e3d3a66f58c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this work, researching the1930s and 1940 with the aim to identify in natural films, posed, current affairs, documentaries and newsreels produced or commissioned by government agencies, discourses and understandings that were crucial to building diverse images of the city of São Paulo. We investigated several aspects that permeated the time interval between the crisis of fictional production (posed) in São Paulo, from and dated from the early 1930s, until the rise of the studios in São Paulo, from 1949, with the inauguration of Vera Cruz. An important film experience was done in the meantime, over the city, but not investigated or was questioned by historiography. In the period, non-fiction production has intensified, partly to meet a government demand to register, through film, urban change, social policies and they passed the state capital. We started from the practice of domestic and foreign cameraman to identify different cultural references, steeped in historical and social production. From the methodological point of view, work with sources (movies, newspapers, interviews, magazines, reports etc.) at all times sought to follow the paths of realization of these films. Both the government at the municipal, state and federal governments, as the modernist writers of São Paulo, analyze or produce film or immigrants living orders of the films contributed to the creation of images on the capital city. It has been argued by several sources of confrontation that was this production that started in the cinema, a way of telling a story with official advertisement objectives or documentary about the city / Neste trabalho, pesquisou-se às décadas de 1930 e 1940 com o objetivo de identificar, em filmes naturais, posados, atualidades, cinejornais e documentários, produzidos ou encomendados pelo poder público, discursos e compreensões que foram fundamentais para construir imagens diversas sobre a cidade de São Paulo. Foram investigados os diversos aspectos que permearam o intervalo de tempo, entre a crise da produção ficcional (posados), em São Paulo e datada do início da década de 1930, até a ascensão dos estúdios paulistas, a partir de 1949, com a inauguração da Vera Cruz. Uma importante experiência fílmica foi realizada, nesse meio tempo, sobre a cidade, mas que não foi problematizada ou investigada pela historiografia. No período, a produção não ficcional se intensificou, em parte para atender uma demanda do governo de registrar, por meio do cinema, as transformações urbanas, sociais e políticas pelas quais passavam a capital paulista. Partiu-se da prática do cinegrafista nacional e estrangeiro para identificar os diferentes referenciais culturais, históricos e sociais imersos na produção. Do ponto de vista metodológico, o trabalho com as fontes (filmes, jornais, entrevistas, revistas, relatórios etc.) procurou a todo instante seguir os percursos da realização desses filmes. Tanto o governo em âmbito municipal, estadual e federal, quanto os escritores modernistas de São Paulo, que analisavam ou produziam cinema ou os imigrantes que viviam das encomendas dos filmes, contribuíram para a elaboração de imagens sobre a capital paulista. Defendeu-se por meio da confrontação de fontes diversas que foi essa produção que iniciou, no cinema, um modo de contar uma história oficial com objetivos documentais ou de propaganda sobre a cidade

Sua história natural e o real risco à função renal foram pouco estudados. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto do cálculo ureteral silencioso sobre a função renal antes a após o tratamento, procurando por fatores preditivos de uma melhor evolução. Material e Método: O cálculo ureteral silencioso foi definido como aquele em que o paciente não apresentava nenhum sintoma subjetivo ou objetivo a ele relacionado. Os pacientes com cálculo ureteral silencioso foram prospectivamente incluídos no estudo, sendo avaliados com 99mTc-DMSA, creatinina sérica (Cr), ritmo de filtração glomerular (RFG) e ultrassonografia (USG) no pré-tratamento, três e 12 meses após o mesmo. Pacientes que receberam tratamento fora de nossa instituição e aqueles com avaliação perioperatória incompleta foram excluídos. A análise estatística incluiu os testes de ANOVA, Qui-quadrado/Fisher, e regressão logística/múltipla. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em p<0,05. Resultados: Entre jan/2006 e jan/2014, 26 pacientes com cálculo ureteral silencioso, correspondendo a 2,1% de todos os cálculos ureterais tratados, preencheram os critérios de inclusão do estudo. Treze pacientes eram do sexo feminino, com idade média de 59,3 ± 11,3 anos. O diagnóstico do cálculo foi relacionado a uma causa urológica em 14 (53,8%) casos. O diâmetro e densidade média dos cálculos era de 11,8 ± 2,8 mm e 1201 ± 272 UH, respectivamente. Apenas dois pacientes não apresentavam hidronefrose ao USG inicial e a espessura média do parênquima renal era 10,7 ± 4,1 mm. Os valores médios pré-operatórios de Cr, RFG e 99mTc-DMSA foram 1,24 ± 0.87 mg/dl, 72,5 ± 25.2 mL/min e 33,4 ± 16,7%, respectivamente. Vinte (77%) pacientes apresentavam 99mTc-DMSA < 45% no exame inicial. Regressão múltipla revelou que idade (p=0,041) e espessura do parênquima renal (p=0,001) predizem o valor do 99mTc-DMSA inicial. Quando comparados com os valores pré-operatórios, a Cr (p=0,89), o RFG (p=0,48) e a função renal ao 99mTc-DMSA (p=0,19) permaneceram inalterados com três e 12 meses após o tratamento. A hidronefrose apresentou melhora três meses após o tratamento (p < 0,01), mas manteve-se inalterada no período entre três e 12 meses (p=0,06). Nenhuma variável pré-operatória foi capaz de prever uma variação > 5% do 99mTc-DMSA entre pré e pós-operatório, sendo que o tamanho do cálculo (p=0,12) e tempo para tratamento (p=0,15) tiveram influência marginal. Conclusão: O cálculo ureteral silencioso está associado à diminuição da função renal e algum grau de hidronefrose já ao diagnóstico. Idade, espessura do parênquima renal e grau de hidronefrose predizem o valor inicial do 99mTc-DMSA. Enquanto a hidronefrose regride após a remoção do calculo, a função renal se mantém inalterada. Nenhum fator conseguiu predizer significativamente a evolução da função renal ao 99mTc-DMSA doze meses após o tratamento / Introduction: Ureteral stones may be asymptomatic in 0.3-5.3% of patients. The natural history and the disease influence on renal function have been poorly studied. Objective: to evaluate the impact of silent ureteral stone on renal function before and after treatment, searching for predictive factor of better outcomes. Material and Method: A ureteral stone was defined as silent if the patient had no subjective/objective symptoms related to the calculus. Patients with a silent ureteral stone were prospectively enrolled in the study. Patients were evaluated with 99mTc-DMSA scintigraphy, serum creatinine (Cr), Cr clearance (CrCl) and ultrasound (USG) pre and post-operatively on months three and 12. Patients treated outside our institution or with incomplete perioperative evaluation were excluded. ANOVA, Chi-square/Fisher test, and regression analysis were used. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Between Jan/06-Jan/14, 26 patients with silent ureteral stones met our inclusion criteria, comprising 2.1% of all ureteral stones treated at our institution. Half of patients were female, mean age was 59.3 ± 11.3 years-old. Stone diagnosis was related to a urological cause in 14 (53.8%) cases. Mean stone diameter and density were 11.8 ± 2.8 mm and 1201 ± 272 HU, respectively. Only two patients had no hydronephrosis at initial USG evaluation and mean renal parenchyma thickness was 10.7 ± 4.1mm. Mean preoperative Cr, CrCl and 99mTc-DMSA were 1.24 ± 0.87 mg/dL, 72.5 ± 25.2 mL/min and 33.4 ± 16.7%, respectively. Twenty (77%) patients had 99mTc-DMSA < 45% at initial examination. Multiple regression revealed age (p=0.041) and renal parenchyma thickness (p=0.001) to predict initial 99mTc-DMSA. When compared to preoperative values, Cr (p=0.89), CrCl (p=0.48) and 99mTc-DMSA (p=0.19) remained unaltered three and 12 months postoperatively. Hydronephrosis improved from before to three months after treatment (p < 0.01), but remained unchanged from three to 12 months (p=0.06). No preoperative variable was able to predict a > 5% variation on 99mTc-DMSA from pre to postoperative periods, though stone size (p=0.12) and time to treatment (p=0.15) had a marginal influence. Conclusion: Silent ureteral stones are associated with decreased renal function and hydronephrosis already at diagnosis. Age, renal parenchyma thickness and degree of hydronephrosis predict initial 99mTc-DMSA. Hydronephrosis tends to diminish after stone removal, while renal function remains stable. No preoperative factor significantly predicted renal function progression twelve months postoperatively