Det här examensarbetet har utförts hos och med stöd av SKF Mekan i Katrineholm. Grundfrågeställningen som innebar upphovet till examensarbetet är om värme påverkar lagerlägets cylindricitet hos ett lagerhus. Detta avgränsas senare till att gälla enbart värmepåverkan under produktion för en typ av lagerhus i en storlek men tre olika materialval. Därmed koncentreras arbetet på gjuterilinan för de mindre lagerhusen samt den bearbetningslina som kallas ”Robot line”. Inledningsvis ges en presentation vad lager och lagerhus är samt vilken funktion de fyller. Därefter ges en överblick av gjuteriet samt bearbetningen. Berörda linor betraktas mer ingående men även övriga linor ges en övergripande bild av. Övriga resurser såsom mätrum samt testlabb presenteras också. De tre olika materialen granskas för att se vilka avgörande skillnader som finns dem emellan. Detta med hjälp av litteratur samt intervjuer med medarbetare hos SKF Mekan, personal vid Linköpings universitet samt SWEREA. Två test som genomförts under arbetets gång beskrivs, varav det ena lyckat men det andra misslyckat. Dock fick det andra testet ett överraskande resultat. Befintliga kontroller längs med produktionskedjan omtalas. Slutligen sammanfattas vilka moment inom gjuteri- samt bearbetningsprocessen där toleransen för cylindriciteten hos lagerläget riskerar att under-/överskridas samt vad som då är orsaken.

O aumento do reflexo de sobressalto na presença de um estímulo que tenha sido previamente pareado a choques nas patas é tomado como índice de medo e nomeado sobressalto potencializado pelo medo (SPM). O congelamento, interrupção de todos os movimentos observáveis, exceto aqueles associados com a respiração, também tem sido utilizado como índice de medo em ratos. Um crescente número de evidências sugere o envolvimento de mecanismos dopaminérgicos em diferentes aspectos da memória afetiva, como sua formação, evocação e expressão. No entanto, resultados sobre como e por meio de quais receptores os mecanismos dopaminérgicos influenciam o medo têm sido inconsistentes. O presente estudo examina o envolvimento dos receptores dopaminérgicos na aquisição e na expressão do medo condicionado à luz. Para isso, foram analisados os efeitos do antagonista D1, SCH 23390, do agonista D1, SKF 38393, do antagonista D2, sulpirida, e do agonista D2, quimpirole, no SPM e no congelamento. A atividade motora dos animais também foi avaliada no teste do campo aberto. SCH 23390, SKF 38393, sulpirida e quimpirole, administrados antes do condicionamento, não produziram efeitos no SPM, mas SCH 23390 diminuiu o congelamento. As administrações de SCH 23390, SKF 38393 e sulpirida antes do teste também não produziram efeitos no SPM e no congelamento. Quimpirole, em doses que agem em receptores pré-sinápticos, causou uma redução significativa no SPM e no congelamento, quando administrado antes do teste. A ação das drogas não foi devida a efeitos não-específicos uma vez que elas não produziram efeitos no teste do campo aberto. Os resultados sugerem que mecanismos dopaminérgicos devem estar envolvidos tanto na aquisição, quanto na expressão do medo condicionado à luz. Receptores D1 pós-sinápticos parecem participar da aquisição do congelamento condicionado à luz-CS, mas não do SPM. Por outro lado, receptores D2 pré-sinápticos parecem estar envolvidos na expressão do medo condicionado à luz-CS. / The increase in the startle reflex in the presence of a stimulus that has been previously paired to footshock is taken as an index of fear and named fear potentiated startle (FPS). Freezing behavior, a cessation of all observable movements, except those associated with respiration, has also been used as an index of fear in rats. A growing body of evidence has suggested that dopaminergic mechanisms are implicated in different aspects of affective memory, namely its formation, expression or retrieval. However, the results of studies that have examined how, and through which receptors, dopaminergic mechanisms influence fear have been inconsistent. This work is aimed at examining the involvement of dopaminergic receptors in the acquisition and expression of conditioned fear to ligth-CS. We evaluated the effects of systemic administration of the D1 antagonist, SCH 23390, the D1 agonist, SKF 38393, the D2 antagonist, sulpiride, and the D2 agonist, quinpirole before and after conditioning on FPS and freezing. The motor activity of the animals was also evaluated in an open field test. SCH 23390, SKF 38393, sulpiride and quinpirole, injected before conditioning sessions, did not produce any effect on FPS, but SCH 23390 decreased freezing. Injections of SCH 23390, SKF 38393 and sulpiride before testing session did not produce any effect on FPS or freezing. Quinpirole, injected at doses acting at presynaptic level, caused significant reduction in FPS and freezing, when injected before testing. Drugs’ action was not due to nonspecific effects since they had no effect in the open field test. Our findings indicate that DA mechanisms are involved in the acquisition and expression of conditioned fear using light-CS. Dopaminergic mechanisms mediated by postsynaptic D1 receptors seem to be involved in the acquisition of conditioned freezing to light-CS, but not in FPS. On the other hand, dopaminergic mechanisms mediated by presynaptic D2 receptors seem to be involved in the expression of conditioned fear to light-CS.

O aumento do reflexo de sobressalto na presença de um estímulo que tenha sido previamente pareado a choques nas patas é tomado como índice de medo e nomeado sobressalto potencializado pelo medo (SPM). O congelamento, interrupção de todos os movimentos observáveis, exceto aqueles associados com a respiração, também tem sido utilizado como índice de medo em ratos. Um crescente número de evidências sugere o envolvimento de mecanismos dopaminérgicos em diferentes aspectos da memória afetiva, como sua formação, evocação e expressão. No entanto, resultados sobre como e por meio de quais receptores os mecanismos dopaminérgicos influenciam o medo têm sido inconsistentes. O presente estudo examina o envolvimento dos receptores dopaminérgicos na aquisição e na expressão do medo condicionado à luz. Para isso, foram analisados os efeitos do antagonista D1, SCH 23390, do agonista D1, SKF 38393, do antagonista D2, sulpirida, e do agonista D2, quimpirole, no SPM e no congelamento. A atividade motora dos animais também foi avaliada no teste do campo aberto. SCH 23390, SKF 38393, sulpirida e quimpirole, administrados antes do condicionamento, não produziram efeitos no SPM, mas SCH 23390 diminuiu o congelamento. As administrações de SCH 23390, SKF 38393 e sulpirida antes do teste também não produziram efeitos no SPM e no congelamento. Quimpirole, em doses que agem em receptores pré-sinápticos, causou uma redução significativa no SPM e no congelamento, quando administrado antes do teste. A ação das drogas não foi devida a efeitos não-específicos uma vez que elas não produziram efeitos no teste do campo aberto. Os resultados sugerem que mecanismos dopaminérgicos devem estar envolvidos tanto na aquisição, quanto na expressão do medo condicionado à luz. Receptores D1 pós-sinápticos parecem participar da aquisição do congelamento condicionado à luz-CS, mas não do SPM. Por outro lado, receptores D2 pré-sinápticos parecem estar envolvidos na expressão do medo condicionado à luz-CS. / The increase in the startle reflex in the presence of a stimulus that has been previously paired to footshock is taken as an index of fear and named fear potentiated startle (FPS). Freezing behavior, a cessation of all observable movements, except those associated with respiration, has also been used as an index of fear in rats. A growing body of evidence has suggested that dopaminergic mechanisms are implicated in different aspects of affective memory, namely its formation, expression or retrieval. However, the results of studies that have examined how, and through which receptors, dopaminergic mechanisms influence fear have been inconsistent. This work is aimed at examining the involvement of dopaminergic receptors in the acquisition and expression of conditioned fear to ligth-CS. We evaluated the effects of systemic administration of the D1 antagonist, SCH 23390, the D1 agonist, SKF 38393, the D2 antagonist, sulpiride, and the D2 agonist, quinpirole before and after conditioning on FPS and freezing. The motor activity of the animals was also evaluated in an open field test. SCH 23390, SKF 38393, sulpiride and quinpirole, injected before conditioning sessions, did not produce any effect on FPS, but SCH 23390 decreased freezing. Injections of SCH 23390, SKF 38393 and sulpiride before testing session did not produce any effect on FPS or freezing. Quinpirole, injected at doses acting at presynaptic level, caused significant reduction in FPS and freezing, when injected before testing. Drugs’ action was not due to nonspecific effects since they had no effect in the open field test. Our findings indicate that DA mechanisms are involved in the acquisition and expression of conditioned fear using light-CS. Dopaminergic mechanisms mediated by postsynaptic D1 receptors seem to be involved in the acquisition of conditioned freezing to light-CS, but not in FPS. On the other hand, dopaminergic mechanisms mediated by presynaptic D2 receptors seem to be involved in the expression of conditioned fear to light-CS.

Ce travail de thèse a eu pour but la synthèse de nouveaux composés hétérocycliques (rhodanines et pyrazoles) potentiellement actifs sur des protéines kinases, des lignées cellulaires tumorales, les influx SOCE (Store Operated Calcium Entry) et a ciblé principalement comme pathologies la malaria, la leishmaniose et le cancer. La première partie de cette étude a permis la synthèse d'une nouvelle famille de dérivés 5-arylidène rhodanines dissymétriques comportant un bras espaceur diaminé et ce par l'intermédiaire de la technologie micro-onde. Sur les 7 protéines kinases testées avec ces composés, CK1δ/ε et CDK5/p25 ont été inhibées spécifiquement avec des CI50 comprises entre 1,1 et 10 µM. L'activité anticancéreuse enregistrée est moyenne avec des CI50 variant de 8 à 23 µM. Les travaux réalisés au cours de la seconde partie de cette étude se sont appuyés sur le SKF-96365 comme modèle structural et ont permis d'accéder à 3 librairies inédites d'analogues comportant les plateformes pyrazole et rhodanine. L'activité pharmacologique visée ici était une modulation des influx SOCE et diverses variations structurales ont été effectuées en vue de réaliser une étude Relation Structure-Activité (RSA). Plusieurs analogues "pyrazoles" ont montré une activité supérieure à celle du SKF-96365 et de la GSK-7975A sur les influx SOCE de la lignée HEK-293. Les 2 composés montrant la meilleure activité (30f et 30h), sont également plus actifs que la Synta 66 aux faibles concentrations. Ces analogues ont également une activité sélective des canaux SOCE concernés car totalement inactifs sur l'ensemble des protéines kinases testées. Les CI50 les plus significatives pour l'activité anticancéreuse varient entre 3 et 8 µM. / This thesis work has been aimed the synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds (rhodanines and pyrazoles) potentially active on kinase proteins, tumor cell lines, SOCE impulses (Store Operated Calcium Entry) and has mainly targeted pathologies such as malaria, leishmaniasis and cancer. The first part of this study allowed the synthesis of a new family of 5-arylidene rhodanine derivatives asymmetric having a diamino spacer arm and via microwave technology. Of the 7 protein kinases tested with these compounds, CK1δ/ε and CDK5/p25 have been specifically inhibited with IC50 between 1.1 and 10 µM. The recorded anticancer activity is average with IC50 ranging from 8 to 23 µM. The work carried out during the second part of this study was based on SKF-96365 as structural model and provided access to 3 unpublished libraries of analogs containing pyrazole and rhodanine platforms. The desired pharmacological activity was SOCE modulating and various structural changes were made to undertake a study Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR). Several "pyrazole" analogs have shown a higher activity than SKF-96365 and GSK-7975A on SOCE of HEK-293 line. The two compounds showing the best activity (30f and 30h) are also more active than Synta 66 at low concentrations. These analogs are completely inactive on all protein kinases tested, indicating selectivity for SOCE channels concerned. The most significant IC50 for the anticancer activity vary between 3 and 8 µM.

Die Aspekte Nachhaltigkeit und Emotionen sind derzeit als Titel jeder Weiterbildungszeitschrift zu finden und stellen ein aktuelles Thema in der Personal- und Organisationsentwicklung dar. Die Globalisierung und der Wettbewerb erfordern eine permanente und schnelle Weiterentwicklung der Organisationen. Verantwortliche der Organisationsentwicklung träumen nicht nur vom Erfolg ihrer Veränderungsvorhaben, sondern sogar davon eine Kompetenz aufbauen zu können, die eine kontinuierliche nachhaltige Entwicklung der Organisation sicherstellt. Es ist bekannt, dass Evaluation solche Prozesse unterstützt und es haben sich diverse Erhebungs- und Steuerungsinstrumente in der Organisationsentwicklung etabliert. Neu ist - angetrieben durch Erkenntnisse der Hirnforschung - die Beachtung von Emotionen bei Veränderungsprozessen. Dabei werden diese zwar als Gefühle verstanden, doch im Besonderen in ihrer Entstehung und Auswirkung auf die Gegenwart und Zukunft hin untersucht sowie interpretiert. Genauer geht die Pädagogik davon aus, dass Emotionen erlernt werden und das Lernen beeinflussen. Personalentwickler erhoffen sich durch die Beachtung von Emotionen die Veränderungsprozesse besser voranzubringen und als Kontinuum etablieren zu können. Dabei sind das Potenzial, die Nutzung und die Wirkung von Emotionen sowie deren Förderung noch weitgehend unbekannt. Einen Beitrag dazu kann die Pädagogik - bzw. im Hinblick auf Lernen von Erwachsenen in Unternehmen - die Erwachsenenbildung leisten. In der beruflichen Praxis kommen pädagogische Konzepte in der Personal- und Organisationsentwicklung zum Tragen. Konstruktivistische Vertreter wie Horst Siebert betrachten Emotionen als „Filter bei der Aneignung von Wissen“ und als „Motor zur Umsetzung von Erkenntnissen und Handlungen“ (Siebert 2004a, S. 74). Rolf Arnold beschreibt in seinen Publikationen emotionales Lernen als Lernen, das aus der Tiefenstruktur eines lernenden Systems heraus entsteht. So verstanden lernt der Mensch nicht indem er auf externe Gründe reagiert, sondern indem er die verinnerlichten Deutungs- und Emotionsmuster, die in der jeweiligen Situation aktiviert werden, neu zusammensetzt (vgl. Arnold 2005, S. 4). Obwohl bereits Veröffentlichungen über die Bedeutung von Emotionen für Lernen und Veränderungsprozesse vorliegen, gibt es bisher keine Studien, die nachhaltige Organisationsentwicklung durch emotionales Lernen konkretisieren und evaluieren. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt den Versuch dar, diese Leerstelle zu füllen und will die Chancen und Grenzen von nachhaltiger Organisationsentwicklung durch emotionales Lernen untersuchen und diskutieren. Dabei geht sie davon aus, dass diese Thematik die Verbindung einer theoretischen und praktischen Reflexion bedarf. Für die Anwendung empirischer Methoden bedeutet dies, dass v.a. ihre Praxisorientierung im Vordergrund steht. Dank der 20monatigen Begleitung einer Organisationsentwicklungsmaßnahme in einem großen Industrieunternehmen ist es möglich, eine Brücke zwischen Theorie und Praxis zu schlagen. Die Organisationsentwicklungsmaßnahme wird als Initiative mit dem Titel „Gemeinsam in die Zukunft“ bezeichnet. Inhaltlich behandelt sie die Optimierung der Führungs- und Kommunikationskultur der SKF GmbH. Damit diese Organisationsentwicklung nachhaltig ist, wird emotionales Lernen als die Transformation der Muster der Mitarbeiter verstanden. Dabei soll insbesondere die Fähigkeit zu individueller Reflexion und gemeinsamer Metakommunikation der Mitarbeiter gesteigert werden. Insgesamt erfolgt die Darstellung der Arbeit erfolgt deduktiv, d.h. die Erörterung verläuft vom Allgemeinen zum Besonderen. Nachdem die theoretischen Grundlagen dargestellt sind, werden Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, aus denen zum einen das für den jeweiligen Fall Passende ausgewählt werden muss und zum anderen diese Auswahl in ihrer Umsetzung weiterentwickelt wird. Der Praxisteil, die Fallstudie zeigt ausgewählte Lernsettings sowie ihre Evaluationsergebnisse. In der abschließenden Diskussion und Würdigung der Fallstudie wird die Praxis anhand der theoretisch entwickelten Erfolgsfaktoren reflektiert. Die Reflexion erfolg analog zu den entwickelten Erfolgskriterien betreffend des Lernenden, der Umwelt, der Intervention und der Evaluation. Dabei werden die Chancen und Grenzen von Theorie und Praxis gleichermaßen diskutiert. Bei der Vorstellung dieser Ergebnisse in dem kooperierenden Unternehmen hat sich gezeigt, dass diese Diskussion einen Überblick über die Entwicklung insgesamt, jedoch nicht über die einzelner Unternehmensbereiche geben kann. Bei umfassenden Veränderungsprozessen in großen Organisationen, wie im vorliegenden Fallbeispiel, entstehen unterschiedliche Dynamiken und verschiedene Interpretationen über die Entwicklung der Organisation. Das Resümee zeigt pointiert die Ergebnisse der Diskussion aus Sicht der Doktorandin. / Nowadays you find sustainability and emotions in every news. Cause of globalisation and competitions these topics are particularly for Organisational Development one of the famous contemporary issues.

<p>Background: A constant market pressure on companies to increase their competitiveness has compelled managers to explore business models outside of the traditional ones. The Shared Service Center (SSC) forms part of these untried models, and can be seen as a hybrid. When it comes to its management control, the research is scarce, and hence, there are no obvious paths to follow when it comes to the designing and use of management control systems in such organizations. </p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to describe the design of the management control system in a SSC, and further to analyze the underlying reasons for its outlining. </p><p>Demarcation: The study is limited to the investigation of the SSCs of Electrolux, SKF and Volvo. Moreover, the problem is highlighted from the perspective of the SSC management. </p><p>Realization: In the form of a case study, the thesis was realized through the undertaking of four interviews with individuals in the SSCs’ respective management or its close surrounding. </p><p>Results: Sprung out of the process orientation, SSCs in their management control primarily focus on customers, process improvement and people. In their striving to obtain cost reduction and service quality, several control tools are used, the choice of which depends on variables such as organizational structure, external environment, technology and strategy.</p>

<p>Background: The increasing competition on the market demand both companies and supply chains to find optimal solutions. The edeavour to reduce inventory levels is a part of this. Earlier, inventory was seen upon as valuable assets, but today they tend to be more and more negative in the eyes of the companies. Inventory demands capital, handling, and space. Therefore inventory creates unnecessary costs. As a consequence of this, firms try to reduce their inventories further and further. </p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this report is to examine different steps which can reduce the stock sizes at businesses in general and at SKF Mekan AB´s stock of packing, and what consequences this steps may lead to. </p><p>Performance: The examine has been made by interviews with persons at SKF Mekan AB and with persons at the suppliers of packing, and by litterature studies. </p><p>Result: To achieve the best result SKF Mekan AB, and other companies, ought to give priority to the steps which have great economic potential and a low grade of difficulty. SKF Mekan AB ought to focus on coordination against suppliers, ensure a correct system level of inventory, appreciate real uncertainty, improve the exchange of information and reduce unuseable packing. In general businesses ought to improve the exchange of information among them and external actors, stadardise and ensure that the inventory levels in the systems are correct.</p>

Background: The increasing competition on the market demand both companies and supply chains to find optimal solutions. The edeavour to reduce inventory levels is a part of this. Earlier, inventory was seen upon as valuable assets, but today they tend to be more and more negative in the eyes of the companies. Inventory demands capital, handling, and space. Therefore inventory creates unnecessary costs. As a consequence of this, firms try to reduce their inventories further and further. Purpose: The purpose of this report is to examine different steps which can reduce the stock sizes at businesses in general and at SKF Mekan AB´s stock of packing, and what consequences this steps may lead to. Performance: The examine has been made by interviews with persons at SKF Mekan AB and with persons at the suppliers of packing, and by litterature studies. Result: To achieve the best result SKF Mekan AB, and other companies, ought to give priority to the steps which have great economic potential and a low grade of difficulty. SKF Mekan AB ought to focus on coordination against suppliers, ensure a correct system level of inventory, appreciate real uncertainty, improve the exchange of information and reduce unuseable packing. In general businesses ought to improve the exchange of information among them and external actors, stadardise and ensure that the inventory levels in the systems are correct.

Background: A constant market pressure on companies to increase their competitiveness has compelled managers to explore business models outside of the traditional ones. The Shared Service Center (SSC) forms part of these untried models, and can be seen as a hybrid. When it comes to its management control, the research is scarce, and hence, there are no obvious paths to follow when it comes to the designing and use of management control systems in such organizations. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to describe the design of the management control system in a SSC, and further to analyze the underlying reasons for its outlining. Demarcation: The study is limited to the investigation of the SSCs of Electrolux, SKF and Volvo. Moreover, the problem is highlighted from the perspective of the SSC management. Realization: In the form of a case study, the thesis was realized through the undertaking of four interviews with individuals in the SSCs’ respective management or its close surrounding. Results: Sprung out of the process orientation, SSCs in their management control primarily focus on customers, process improvement and people. In their striving to obtain cost reduction and service quality, several control tools are used, the choice of which depends on variables such as organizational structure, external environment, technology and strategy.

Denna rapport behandlar arbetet kring att ta fram åtgärder för förebyggande underhåll på en kanal för tillverkning av rullar till rullager, vid SKF i Göteborg. Målet har varit att upprätta ett grundläggande underhållsprogram, med fokus främst på operatörsunderhåll, med syftet att få ner antalet oplanerade driftstopp. Upplägget var att först knyta samman den kunskap som fanns samlad på företaget, många av kanalens maskiner var av äldre modell och har funnits i produktionen i många år, varför det visade sig finnas många personer med erfarenhet på dem på olika positioner. Samtal fördes med främst operatörer, tekniker och mekaniker, då det är dessa personer som arbetar närmast och mest med maskinerna, i syfte att isolera de mest frekventa felområdena. Analysen resulterade i en lista med förslag på åtgärder, vilken gicks igenom grundligt med, på maskinerna, kunnig och erfaren  personal.  Detta  ledde till att listan så småningom kom att omfatta till synes relevanta underhållspunkter, med förslag på åtgärd, intervall och utförare. Nästa steg var att gå djupare i komponentnivå på en enstaka maskin, den viktigaste och mest kritiska på kanalen, nämligen själva pressen, med vilken man pressar råmaterial, kallat kuts, till rullar. Vilka efter slipning/polering monteras tillsammans med ytter- och innerring till att bilda ett komplett rullager. Pressen var av modell äldre, från någon gång under 70-talet, en tid då man hade en helt annan underhållsfilosofi,  vilket  för med sig att underlag för förebyggande underhåll är bristfällig i sin natur, eller saknas helt. Analysen utfördes i form av en så kallad RCM-analys, en process där man bryter ner maskinen på komponentnivå och genom en FMEA-kategorisering avgör huruvida komponenten är kritisk på någon av punkterna; tillgänglighet, produktivitet, kvalitet, säkerhet, miljö eller ekonomi. Utifrån detta tar man fram åtgärder till de kritiska komponenterna. Tillsammans med punkterna från det första steget bildades en ganska omfattande lista med underhållsåtgärder, vilket innefattade åtgärd, intervall och utförare. Sista steget innan implementering var att sammanställa åtgärdslistan i ett av företaget standardiserat format, vilket innebär att man vill kunna skriva ut åtgärderna tillsammans med bilder för att sätta i pärmar och förvara i kanalen, för lätt åtkomst för kanalens personal. Själva slutresultatet,  tillika underhållsprogrammet, återfinns i bilaga C och D i denna rapport.