Descendant d’esclaves, Félix Éboué est né dans le milieu de la petite bourgeoisie de Cayenne (Guyane) en 1884. Il termine ses études secondaires à Bordeaux puis ses études supérieures à Paris : il sort diplômé de l’École coloniale en 1908. A sa demande, il est affecté en Oubangui-Chari (colonie de l’AEF). Il reste en brousse vingt deux ans avant de devenir administrateur en chef (1931). Il est ensuite nommé à différents postes : secrétaire général de la Martinique (1932-1934), secrétaire général du Soudan français (1934-1936), gouverneur de la Guadeloupe (1936-1938), gouverneur du Tchad (1938-1940). A l’été 1940, il choisit le camp de la Résistance avec de Gaulle. Le ralliement du Tchad donne au chef de la France libre un territoire français en Afrique, d’une importance stratégique capitale. En novembre 1940, de Gaulle le nomme gouverneur général de l’AEF à Brazzaville et Compagnon de la Libération. Jusqu’à février 1944, grâce à sa maîtrise de l’administration coloniale, il gère les hommes et les ressources de l’AEF pour le plus grand profit de la France libre et des Alliés. Épuisé et malade, il décède au Caire en mai 1944.La mémoire d’État s’empare de sa mémoire pour en faire rapidement une icône : il entre au Panthéon en mai 1949. Mais, Félix Éboué ne se réduit pas à son mythe : s’il est un personnage emblématique de la IIIe République, il est un homme ancré dans son époque par son appartenance à des réseaux de pouvoirs et par ses idées. Sa spécificité est d’avoir espéré réformer le système colonial et d’avoir cru qu’il était possible de lutter contre le préjugé de couleur, contre le racisme au nom des valeurs de la République. S’il fut un pionnier, c’est par le domaine du sport qui était pour lui un outil par excellence de l’intégration et d’épanouissement de l’individu. / Descendant of slaves, Felix Eboue was born in the middle of the lower middle class of Cayenne (Guiana) in 1884. He finished high school in Bordeaux and his graduate studies in Paris: he graduated from the “Ecole coloniale” in 1908. At his request, he was assigned in Oubangui-Chari (AEF colony). It remains in the bush twenty two years before becoming Chief (1931). He was appointed to various positions: Secretary General of Martinique (1932-1934), Secretary General of the French Sudan (1934-1936), governor of Guadeloupe (1936-1938), governor of Chad (1938-1940). In the summer of 1940, he chose the side of the Resistance with de Gaulle. The rallying Chad gives the leader of Free France, a French territory in Africa, a strategic importance. In November 1940, de Gaulle appointed Governor General of the AEF in Brazzaville and Companion of the Liberation. Until February 1944, thanks to his mastery of the colonial administration, he manages people and resources of the AEF for the benefit of Free France and the Allies. Exhausted and ill, he died in Cairo in May 1944. The memory State seizes his memory to make an icon rapidly enters the Pantheon in May 1949. But Felix Eboue is not limited to the myth: it is an iconic character of the Third Republic, he is a man rooted in his time by his membership in networks of power and ideas. Its specificity is to be hoped reform the colonial system and have believed it was possible to fight against the prejudice of color against racism on behalf of the values of the Republic. If he was a pioneer, this is the sport that was for him an ideal tool for the integration and development of the individual.

This thesis clarifies recent debates on the problems of territorialized freedom in the Atlantic world by examining several extradition cases involving runaway slaves in Canada, where southern slaveholders attempted to retrieve their lost property by relabeling fugitive slaves as fugitive criminals. In order to combat these efforts and receive the full protections of British subjecthood, self-emancipated people realized that they needed to prove themselves worthy of this status. To achieve this, black refugees formulated their own language of subjecthood predicated upon economic productivity, social respectability, and political loyalty. By actively working to incorporate themselves into the British Empire, Afro-Canadians redefined subjecthood from a status largely seen as a passively received birthright to a deliberate choice. Therefore, this thesis demonstrates that ways in which formerly enslaved people laid out their own terms for imperial inclusion and defined the contours of black social and legal belonging in a partially free Atlantic world. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:22:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DjalmaSilva.pdf: 5710986 bytes, checksum: fe6586eaf69cc231ef888781db302aab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-03 / SILVA, Djalma Antônio da. The walk of quilombolas and the formation of the urban quilombo. Doctorate Thesis on Social Sciences, presented at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC). São Paulo, March of 2005. This dissertation studies the descendants of quilombolas from two communities in the Zona da Mata Mineira: Colônia do Paiol, which beginnings are from the second half of the 18 th Century, through the donation of lands made by the farmer José Ribeiro Nunes, according to his own will registered at the Public Archives of the Court of the City of Barbacena, Minas Gerais; the second community is Bias Fortes, founded at the first half of the 18 th Century, through a quilombo of fugitives slaves and of migrants that later populated the area. For this purpose, the author contextualizes historically the meaning and the evolution of the presence of slaves in the lands of Minas Gerais, since the ends of the 17 th Century, within the black during the golden cycle. It is remarked that slavery in Brazil was not homogeneous: it depended on the economic cycle, on its moment, on the region and on the times. In this frame, quilombos are worthy of special attention, studying the mechanisms that gave them birth, specially the letters of freedom (cartas de alforria) and the escapes, studying as well the geographic and social situation of the quilombos towards the whole society of the time, as well as the ways of control and repression perpetrated by the colonial establishment against them. Trough the register of oral reports and narratives of members from these communities, the author reconstitutes the genesis, summarizes the historical development, rememorizes the facts and the people who lived them, investigates the migration moviments and their destination, forward to, at last, establishing a parallel between the past and the present of these populations of quilombolas which origins were Bias Fortes and Colônia do Paiol and who migrated to Juiz de Fora. / SILVA, Djalma Antônio da. O passeio dos quilombolas e a formação do quilombo urbano. Tese de doutorado em Ciências Sociais, apresentada à Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC). São Paulo, março de 2005. Esta tese estuda os remanescentes de quilombos de duas comunidades da Zona da Mata Mineira: Colônia do Paiol, cuja origem data da segunda metade do século XVIII, com nove ex-escravos do fazendeiro José Ribeiro Nunes, que lhes doou as terras, conforme testamento constante no Arquivo Público do Fórum de Barbacena, Minas Gerais. A segunda comunidade é Bias Fortes, fundada na primeira metade do século XVIII, a partir de um quilombo de escravos fugitivos e de imigrantes que ulteriormente a povoaram. Para tanto, contextualiza-se historicamente o significado e a evolução da presença de escravos em terras mineiras, a partir do final do século XVII, com o tráfico negreiro dirigido sobretudo à exploração do ouro durante todo o seu ciclo. Destaca-se que a escravidão no Brasil não foi homogenia: dependia do ciclo econômico, do seu momento, da região, da época. Nesse quadro, os quilombos merecem especial atenção, estudando-lhes os mecanismos originantes, tais como as alforrias e as fugas, bem como a situação geográfica e social em relação à sociedade da época, e as formas de controle e repressão usadas pelo establishement colonial contra eles. Através do registro de relatos e narrativas orais de membros dessas comunidades, reconstitui-se a gênese, traça-se o desenvolvimento histórico, rememoram-se os fatos e as pessoas que os protagonizaram, investigam-se as movimentações migratórias e seus destinos para, enfim, estabelecer-se um paralelo entre o passado e o presente dessas populações de quilombolas cuja origem foram Bias Fortes e Colônia do Paiol e que migraram para Juiz de Fora.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:57:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DjalmaSilva.pdf: 5710986 bytes, checksum: fe6586eaf69cc231ef888781db302aab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-03 / SILVA, Djalma Antônio da. The walk of quilombolas and the formation of the urban quilombo. Doctorate Thesis on Social Sciences, presented at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC). São Paulo, March of 2005. This dissertation studies the descendants of quilombolas from two communities in the Zona da Mata Mineira: Colônia do Paiol, which beginnings are from the second half of the 18 th Century, through the donation of lands made by the farmer José Ribeiro Nunes, according to his own will registered at the Public Archives of the Court of the City of Barbacena, Minas Gerais; the second community is Bias Fortes, founded at the first half of the 18 th Century, through a quilombo of fugitives slaves and of migrants that later populated the area. For this purpose, the author contextualizes historically the meaning and the evolution of the presence of slaves in the lands of Minas Gerais, since the ends of the 17 th Century, within the black during the golden cycle. It is remarked that slavery in Brazil was not homogeneous: it depended on the economic cycle, on its moment, on the region and on the times. In this frame, quilombos are worthy of special attention, studying the mechanisms that gave them birth, specially the letters of freedom (cartas de alforria) and the escapes, studying as well the geographic and social situation of the quilombos towards the whole society of the time, as well as the ways of control and repression perpetrated by the colonial establishment against them. Trough the register of oral reports and narratives of members from these communities, the author reconstitutes the genesis, summarizes the historical development, rememorizes the facts and the people who lived them, investigates the migration moviments and their destination, forward to, at last, establishing a parallel between the past and the present of these populations of quilombolas which origins were Bias Fortes and Colônia do Paiol and who migrated to Juiz de Fora. / SILVA, Djalma Antônio da. O passeio dos quilombolas e a formação do quilombo urbano. Tese de doutorado em Ciências Sociais, apresentada à Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC). São Paulo, março de 2005. Esta tese estuda os remanescentes de quilombos de duas comunidades da Zona da Mata Mineira: Colônia do Paiol, cuja origem data da segunda metade do século XVIII, com nove ex-escravos do fazendeiro José Ribeiro Nunes, que lhes doou as terras, conforme testamento constante no Arquivo Público do Fórum de Barbacena, Minas Gerais. A segunda comunidade é Bias Fortes, fundada na primeira metade do século XVIII, a partir de um quilombo de escravos fugitivos e de imigrantes que ulteriormente a povoaram. Para tanto, contextualiza-se historicamente o significado e a evolução da presença de escravos em terras mineiras, a partir do final do século XVII, com o tráfico negreiro dirigido sobretudo à exploração do ouro durante todo o seu ciclo. Destaca-se que a escravidão no Brasil não foi homogenia: dependia do ciclo econômico, do seu momento, da região, da época. Nesse quadro, os quilombos merecem especial atenção, estudando-lhes os mecanismos originantes, tais como as alforrias e as fugas, bem como a situação geográfica e social em relação à sociedade da época, e as formas de controle e repressão usadas pelo establishement colonial contra eles. Através do registro de relatos e narrativas orais de membros dessas comunidades, reconstitui-se a gênese, traça-se o desenvolvimento histórico, rememoram-se os fatos e as pessoas que os protagonizaram, investigam-se as movimentações migratórias e seus destinos para, enfim, estabelecer-se um paralelo entre o passado e o presente dessas populações de quilombolas cuja origem foram Bias Fortes e Colônia do Paiol e que migraram para Juiz de Fora.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:31:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudia Graziolli Somma Jacinto.pdf: 431159 bytes, checksum: 401c1cd84d45ad6997c30b7858ba892a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-22 / The coffee s culture brought to the Province of São Paulo a significant growth in the fields economic, social, and politician. In a context of fast transformation and transistion of enslaved man power for wage-earner, the slave who soon would receive its freedom and that he knew its place in this social context, it starts to occupy bordering places taxes for the elite s coffee in growth. The end of century XIX (1871 at 1890) corresponds to the period studied in this work and argues practical legal the relative ones to the emancipation of the slaves before the Golden Law, the procedures segregacionistas that if reveal in the actions of entities, of the orphans judges, in the mind of ethnic cleanness, the scientific said practical conceptions / O cultivo do café trouxe à Província de São Paulo um crescimento significativo nos campos econômico, político e social. Num contexto de rápida transformação e transição de mão-de-obra escrava para assalariada, o escravo que em breve receberia a sua liberdade e que conhecia seu lugar neste contexto social, passa a ocupar lugares limítrofes impostos pela elite cafeeira em crescimento. O período estudado neste trabalho corresponde ao final do século XIX (1871 a 1890) e discute as práticas legais relativas à emancipação dos escravos antes da Lei Áurea, os procedimentos segregacionistas que se manifestam nas ações de entidades, dos juizes de órfãos, no ideário de limpeza étnica, nas concepções e práticas ditas científicas

This thesis examines how the law dealt with international fugitives. It focuses on formal extradition and the cross-border abduction of wanted criminals by police officers and other state officials. Debates over extradition and abduction reflected important issues of state power and civil liberty, and were shaped by currents of thought circulating throughout the imperial, Atlantic, and common law worlds. Debates over extradition involved questioning the very basis of international law. They also raised difficult questions about civil liberties and human rights. Throughout this period escaped American slaves and other groups made claims for what we would now call refugee status, and argued that their surrender violated codes of law and ideas of justice that transcended the colonies and even the wider British Empire. Such claims sparked a decades-long debate in North America and Europe over how to codify refugee protections. Ultimately, Britain used its imperial power to force Canada to accept such safeguards. Yet even as the formal extradition system developed, an informal system of police abductions operated in the Canadian-American borderlands. This system defied formal law, but it also manifested sophisticated local ideas about community justice and transnational legal order. This thesis argues that extradition and abduction must be understood within three overlapping contexts. The first is the ethos of liberal transnationalism that permeated all levels of state officials in British North America/Canada. This view largely prioritised the erosion of domestic barriers to international cooperation over the protection of individual liberty. It was predicated in large part on the idea of a common North American civilization. The second context is Canada’s place in the British Empire. Extradition and abduction highlight both how British North America/Canada often expounded views on legal order radically different from Britain, but also that even after Confederation in 1867 the empire retained real power to shape Canadian policy. The final context is international law and international legal order. Both extradition and abduction were aspects of law on an international and transnational level. As a result, this thesis examines the processes of migration, adoption, and adaptation of international law.

This thesis examines how the law dealt with international fugitives. It focuses on formal extradition and the cross-border abduction of wanted criminals by police officers and other state officials. Debates over extradition and abduction reflected important issues of state power and civil liberty, and were shaped by currents of thought circulating throughout the imperial, Atlantic, and common law worlds. Debates over extradition involved questioning the very basis of international law. They also raised difficult questions about civil liberties and human rights. Throughout this period escaped American slaves and other groups made claims for what we would now call refugee status, and argued that their surrender violated codes of law and ideas of justice that transcended the colonies and even the wider British Empire. Such claims sparked a decades-long debate in North America and Europe over how to codify refugee protections. Ultimately, Britain used its imperial power to force Canada to accept such safeguards. Yet even as the formal extradition system developed, an informal system of police abductions operated in the Canadian-American borderlands. This system defied formal law, but it also manifested sophisticated local ideas about community justice and transnational legal order. This thesis argues that extradition and abduction must be understood within three overlapping contexts. The first is the ethos of liberal transnationalism that permeated all levels of state officials in British North America/Canada. This view largely prioritised the erosion of domestic barriers to international cooperation over the protection of individual liberty. It was predicated in large part on the idea of a common North American civilization. The second context is Canada’s place in the British Empire. Extradition and abduction highlight both how British North America/Canada often expounded views on legal order radically different from Britain, but also that even after Confederation in 1867 the empire retained real power to shape Canadian policy. The final context is international law and international legal order. Both extradition and abduction were aspects of law on an international and transnational level. As a result, this thesis examines the processes of migration, adoption, and adaptation of international law.

Ancient Maya inscription carvers at the city of Palenque in what is now Chiapas, Mexico worked in teams to complete large and complex stone tablets. Like artists everywhere, they each had developed idiosyncratic habits which the modern connoisseur can learn to discern, in order to identify which parts of a particular monument were sculpted by one or another artist. The author scrutinized several eighth-century CE inscriptions, panels in stucco and limestone, analyzing how many artists worked on each, to wit: the Temple XVIII Stuccos, the Temple XIX Platform, the Temple XIX Stuccos, the Temple XIX Panel, the Panel of the 96 Glyphs, the Lápida de la Creación and associated fragments, the Palace Tablet and its associated fragmentary panels, and the Tablet of the Slaves. The ensemble whose main components are the Panel of the 96 Glyphs and the Lápida de la Creación are all by one hand, and the Tablet of the Slaves was the work of four carvers, but the Temple XIX Platform surprisingly employed fourteen carvers, and the Palace Tablet over a score. Their territories were not divided textually, and display idiosyncratic spellings of glyph compounds as well as carving habits. The conclusion discusses possible reasons for these findings, relating them to the unusual Maya practice of never correcting mistakes in monumental inscriptions. A likely reason seems to be that the ancient Maya considered these texts not merely as a permanent record, but as ongoing, living repetitions of the ritual in question, and had to be completed in a very short time. / text

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:54:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 paula_fn_me_fran.pdf: 787314 bytes, checksum: ea42821aba9d71f6fdd16f0fb0f7dfac (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente estudo tem como objetivo, analisar os tipos e características dos conflitos – violentos ou não - vivenciados pela população da Vila de São Sebastião do Ribeirão Preto (área que abrange atualmente os municípios de Ribeirão Preto, Sertãozinho e Cravinhos), dentro do contexto histórico que corresponde ao fim da escravidão, e a transição de práticas econômicas que iam do abastecimento local e regional e primeiros impactos da cafeicultura e da ferrovia. O período corresponde a 1874, quando a vila tornou-se política e juridicamente autônoma em relação à vila de São Simão, e 1888, último ano de vigência do sistema escravista no Brasil. A pesquisa teve como base documental, os censos populacionais de 1872 e 1886 (realizados em 1874 e 1887, respectivamente, na província de São Paulo) e processos judiciais localizados no Arquivo Público de Ribeirão Preto: processos-crime de livres e cativos, de liberdade de escravos e de tutela de filhos de escravas. Concluiu-se que as ações judiciais foram requeridas por indivíduos originários dos vários segmentos sociais, que o custo da tramitação das ações restringia a formalização dos crimes, que os processos geralmente ficavam inconclusos, e que a justiça catalogou uma gama variada de crimes / This study aims to analyze the types and characteristics of the conflicts – violents or non - experienced by the population of the town of São Sebastião do Ribeirão Preto (currently the area that covers the municipalities of Ribeirão Preto, Sertãozinho and Cravinhos), within the historical context that corresponds to the end of slavery, and the transition of economics practices of local and regional supply and early impacts of the coffee production and railroad. The period corresponds to 1874, when the town became politically and legally autonomous in relation to the town of São Simão and 1888, last year of the slavery system in Brazil. The search was based on documentary census population of 1872 and 1886 (completed in 1874 and 1887, respectively, in the province of Sao Paulo) and judicial processes located in public archive of Ribeirão Preto: criminal processes of free and captive population, freedom of slaves processes and guardianship of children of slaves. It was concluded that the lawsuits were required by individuals from various social segments, that the cost of functioning of actions restricted the formalization of crimes which processes generally were inconclusive, and that justice catalogued a variety of crimes

Este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender um plano de insurreição escrava, organizado na Freguesia de Nossa Senhora da Aldeia dos Anjos em 1863, focando, principalmente, na questão da mobilidade espacial dos cativos pela localidade. Para chegarmos a esta compreensão, tornou-se necessário empreender uma análise mais detalhada de aspectos geográficos, sociais e econômicos dessa freguesia, da qual buscamos destacar sua posição geográfica, população, atividades econômicas e tipo de estrutura de posse escrava. Tais informações foram cruzadas com os dados presentes em inventários post-mortem de integrantes dos grupos familiares ligados aos senhores de alguns dos insurgentes. Essa comparação permitiu-nos entender a estrutura das propriedades senhoriais - atividades econômicas, tamanho da propriedade escrava e perfil dos escravos - nas quais os insurgentes viviam, bem como possibilitou-nos compreender fragmentos das redes de relações senhoriais com as quais os escravos estavam acostumados a lidar em seu cotidiano. A compreensão de tais questões permitiu-nos sugerir algumas possibilidades explicativas para a mobilidade espacial dos insurgentes pelas diversas propriedades senhoriais, que estavam diretamente relacionadas a dois pontos fundamentais: 1) as atividades desenvolvidas pelos escravos nas propriedades senhoriais e 2) as redes de relações familiares dos cativos de seus senhores. / This dissertation aims to understand a slave insurrection plan organized in Freguesia de Nossa Senhora da Aldeia dos Anjos (Nossa Senhora da Aldeia dos Anjos Parish) in 1863, focusing on captives’ space mobility in the parish. The understanding of this plan demanded a detailed analysis of geographical, social and economic aspects of that parish. Its geographic position, population, economic activities, and type of structure of slaves' position were thus emphasized. Information gathered was collated with data found in post-mortem inventories of members of family groups connected to the owners of some insurrectionaries. This comparison enabled to understand the structure of slave owner properties - their economic activities, size of slave property, and slaves’ profile - where insurrectionaries used to live. The comparison also made it possible to understand fragments of slave owners’ relationship networks with which slaves were used to deal in their everyday routine. Understanding these issues enabled to suggest some possible explanations for insurrectionaries’ space mobility through slave owners’ properties. Those possible explanations were directly related to two fundamental points: 1. Activities performed by slaves in slave owners’ properties, and 2. Family relationship networks among captives and their owners.