Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Vários trabalhos têm demonstrado uma relação entre sono e memória. Desta forma, tem sido descrito um papel importante do sono na consolidação da memória e um efeito negativo pela privação do mesmo. O hipocampo é uma região importante para a formação e consolidação da memória espacial, e contém uma alta expressão de receptores para corticosteróides. As ações dos corticosteróides no hipocampo são fundamentais para a aquisição de memória e dependem de um balanço adequado entre receptores de Glicocorticóides (RGc) e Mineralocorticóides (RMn). Assim é descrito na literatura que um aumento na expressão de RMn é promotor de aquisição de memória, enquanto que um aumento na expressão de RGc produz um efeito negativo. Apesar dos níveis circulantes de glicocorticóides na privação de sono paradoxal (PSP), não serem responsáveis pelo enfraquecimento de memória, não existem dados sobre a expressão dos receptores para corticosteróides no hipocampo, após PSP. Neste trabalho tivemos como objetivo investigar a expressão de receptores de Glicocorticóides no hipocampo, bem como avaliar aprendizado e memória em ratos privados de sono paradoxal. Ratos Wistar machos (250- 350g) foram submetidos à PSP, utilizando-se o método de múltiplas plataformas por um período de 96 horas. Após 96h de privação os animais foram anestesiados e perfundidos. Secções de 25 μm na área do hipocampo foram obtidas e reagidas com anticorpos para receptores de Glicocortidóides. Avaliamos as áreas CA1, CA3 e Giro Denteado. O aprendizado e memória espacial foram avaliados através do teste do labirinto aquático de oito braços, antes e após o período de privação de sono. Avaliou-se a latência de escape e o número de erros obtidos. O grupo PSP apresentou um aumento na expressão de RGc nas regiões: CA1 e Giro Denteado, não se observando diferença significativa na região CA3. A PSP prévia aos testes de aprendizado e memória não provocou alterações significativas. A privação de sono pós-aprendizado também não produziu diferenças estatisticamente significativas, mas um aumento no tempo de latência de escape e número de erros sugere um enfraquecimento na consolidação da memória. O aumento na expressão de RGc nas áreas estudadas, pode ser consequente a uma alteração no balanço entre os receptores para corticosteróides no hipocampo e ser responsável por alterações no aprendizado e memória em ratos PSP. / Several studies have shown a relation between sleep and memory. In this way, an important role in memory consolidation by sleep and a negative effect induced by sleep deprivation have been described. Hippocampus is a region responsible for consolidation of spatial memory and contains a high expression of corticosteroids receptors. In the hippocampus, the corticosteroids actions are crucial for memory acquisition and depend on an adequate balance between Glucocorticoid (GR) and Mineralocorticoid receptors (MR). Studies have demonstrated that an increased expression of MR promotes memory acquisition while an increased expression of GR has negatives effects. In spite of the circulating levels of glucocorticoids in paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) are not responsible for the PSD induced memory impairments, do not exist studies about the expression of the GR and MR in hippocampus after PSD. In this study we investigate the expression of GR in the hippocampus and evaluate learning and memory in PSD rats. Wistar male rats (250-350g) were paradoxical sleep deprived by the multiple platform method for 96 hours. After 96h of sleep deprivation, the animals were anesthetized and perfused. Slices of 25 micron of the area of the hippocampus were obtained and reacted with antibodies against GR. We evaluated the areas CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus (GD). Learning and spatial memory were evaluated in Radial water maze before and after PSD. We evaluated the escape latency and the number of errors obtained. PSD group showed an increased expression of GR in CA1 and GD. However, in the CA3 area there was no significant difference in expression. The PSD prior to the tests of learning and memory did not provoke significant alterations. The sleep deprivation after learning also did not produce statistically significant differences, but an increase in the time of escape latency and number of errors suggests impairment in the memory consolidation. The increase in the RGc expression in the studied areas can be consequent to an alteration in the balance between corticosteroid receptors in the hippocampus and be responsible for alterations in the learning and memory in PSD rats.

No description available.

Une propriété des astrocytes réside dans leur organisation en réseaux grâce à la présence de jonctions communicantes (CJ) composées par les connexines (Cxs) 43 et 30. A partir de l’observation indiquant que les ARN messagers codant pour la Cx30, mais pas ceux pour la Cx43, sont augmentés suite à une privation de sommeil (PDS), l’objectif de ma thèse a été de déterminer si et comment la Cx30 est impliquée dans la régulation du cycle veille-sommeil. D'abord, mon travail a consisté à analyser les effets de molécules qui perturbent veille-sommeil sur CJ astrocytaire étudiée dans des tranches aigues de cortex de souris. J’ai observé que le modafinil, un psychostimulant, augmentent la CJ. Par contre le GHB (acide γ-Hydroxybutyric), un agent qui induit le sommeil, et deux anesthésiques généraux, le propofol et la kétamine, ont des effets opposés. Ces résultats suggèrent que les réseaux astrocytaires sont régulés de manière différentielle par des drogues qui perturbent veille-sommeil. Et ensuite, ma thèse a consisté à étudier le rôle de la Cx30 en utilisant des souris dont le gène codant pour cette Cx a été invalidé (Cx30 KO). Les Cx30 KOs présentent un déficit dans le maintien de l’éveil lors d’épisodes de forte pression de sommeil: Cx30 KO présentent une augmentation du sommeil à ondes lentes pendant une PDS et elles requièrent un plus grand nombre de stimuli pour rester éveillée lors d’une PDS «douce». Afin d’identifier les causes de ce déficit nous avons observé que: 1) le CJ est augmenté après une PDS et cette augmentation ne s’observe que lorsque la Cx30 est présente 2) le niveau d’expression des ARN messagers de 7 gènes impliqués dans le métabolisme énergétique cérébral est diminué dans plusieurs régions du cerveau chez Cx30 KO. En résumé, ces résultats suggèrent que la Cx30 joue un rôle important dans la régulation du veille-sommeil, probablement en contribuant à la fonction métabolique des astrocytes, ceci afin de répondre à une demande énergétique accrue lors de situations de forte pression de sommeil. / Astrocytes are organized in networks via gap junction channels constituted by connexin (Cx) 30 and Cx43. Since we observed that the mRNA expression of Cx30, but not Cx43, was enhanced after sleep deprivations (SD) in the mouse cortex and hippocampus, the goal of my thesis was to investigate whether and how Cx30 is involved in sleep homeostasis. First, I investigated the effects of sleep/wake-affecting molecules on gap junctional communication (GJC) of astrocytes in acute slices of the mouse cortex. We found that modafinil, a wakefulness-promoting drug, enhanced astroglial GJC, whereas γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), a sleep-promoting agent, and two general anesthetics, propofol and ketamine, decreased GJC, suggesting that astroglial networks are bidirectionally regulated by sleep/wake-affecting drugs. Then I addressed the role of Cx30 using Cx30 knockout (KO) mice. Compared to wild type (WT) mice, Cx30 KO exhibited a deficit in maintaining wakefulness during periods of high sleep pressure: they needed more stimuli to be maintained awake during gentle SD and they exhibited an increase in slow wave sleep during instrumental SD. To probe the possible causes of the phenotype, we found that: 1) astroglial GJC was enhanced in WT mice after SD, and such enhancement depended on both neuronal activity and the presence of Cx30; 2) mRNA levels of several genes involved in brain energy metabolism were decreased in multiple brain structures of the Cx30 KO. In summary, these results suggest that astroglial Cx30 plays an important role in sleep homeostasis, possibly by enhancing astroglial metabolic functions to fulfil the high energy demand during periods of elevated sleep pressure.

Although some studies have investigated the correlation between sleeping habits andvoice problems, it is not completely established. Yet, studies have pointed out that bothsleep quality and sleep deprivation can increase the risk for developing voice problems.In order to observe any correlation, the present study aims to investigate sleep qualityand the number of sleeping hours in relation to subjective voice problems. An internetbasedsurvey was spread mostly on social media and recruited 146 participants betweenthe ages of 20-50. The survey contained questions regarding the participantsbackground as well as questions about sleeping habits and subjective voice problems.Voice problems were revealed to correlate with both sleeping habits and subjectivevoice problems for men. However, correlation analyses did not find any connectionsbetween sleeping habits and voice problems among women or the group as a whole. Apossible cause could be the generally low occurrence of both sleeping- and voiceproblems among the participants. Hence this study did not reveal any correlations withgeneral applicability between sleeping habits and voice problems. However, it did giveindications that sleeping habits and voice problems are co-existent among men. / Även om vissa studier har undersökt om sömnvanor och röstbesvär står i relation tillvarandra är något samband inte helt fastställt. Studier har ändock pekat på att bådesömnbrist och dålig sömnkvalitet kan öka risken för att utveckla röstbesvär.Förevarande studie syftar därför till att undersöka sömnkvalitet och antal sömntimmar irelation till upplevda röstbesvär för att utröna ett eventuellt samband mellan dessafaktorer. En internetbaserad enkät spreds främst på sociala medier och svarades av 146deltagare i åldrarna 20 till 50 år. Enkäten innehöll såväl frågor rörande deltagarnasbakgrund som frågor beträffande sömnvanor och upplevda röstbesvär. Röstbesvärvisade sig korrelera med både sömnkvalitet och antal sömntimmar hos män men intehos kvinnor. Att korrelationsanalyser inte anträffade några samband mellan sömnvanoroch röstbesvär på den totala gruppen eller hos kvinnor kan tänkas bero på den generelltsett låga förekomsten av både röst- och sömnbesvär hos deltagarna. Denna studieupptäckte således inga tydliga generaliserbara samband mellan sömnvanor ochröstbesvär, men gav indikationer på att sömnvanor och röstbesvär samvarierar hos män.

Title: Influence of acute sleep deprivation on human postural stability Aim: This diploma thesis is aimed to objectively investigate the influence of acute sleep deprivation on human postural stability using dynamic computerized posturography. Methodology of thesis: 7 young and healthy women (n = 7), mean age 24 (± 0,77) were enrolled into this pilot study. These subjects were picked up on the basis of a preliminary questionnaire survey using the Czech validated version of MEQ questionnaire to meet the same (neutral) chronotype condition. During 24 h of continuous wakefulness all participants had to adhere to special regimen to avoid undesirable distortion of the results. Postural stability was measured before and after the therapeutic intervention using NeuroCom SMART EquiTest System. The obtained data were processed with use of Neurocom Balance Manager Software. Paired t-test was used for statistical analysis, to evaluate clinical significance of the intervention Cohen's d was used. Results: The results confirm influence of 24-h sleep deprivation on human postural stability. After this time decreased sensory organization while maitaining balance was observed. However this fact has not been statistically significant. In case of automatic postural reactions, divergent data were obtained depending...

No description available.

Les somnambules présentent des caractéristiques qui suggèrent un dysfonctionnement dans la régulation du sommeil lent profond (SLP). La fonction autonome est étroitement liée à la régulation des stades de sommeil et reflète l’intensité du SLP. Notre objectif est d’étudier la fonction autonome pendant le SLP des somnambules et des sujets témoins avant et après une privation de sommeil. Quatorze somnambules adultes (9 femmes et 5 hommes ; 28,1 ± 5,8 ans) et 14 sujets témoins appariés pour l’âge et le sexe (27,8 ± 6,0 ans) ont été évalués par vidéo - polysomnographie pour une nuit de base et pendant le sommeil de récupération après 25 heures de privation de sommeil. La fréquence cardiaque (FC) et les composantes spectrales de la variabilité de la FC ont été évaluées. Les composantes de basses (LF) et de hautes fréquences (HF) en valeur absolue et en unités normalisées (LFn et HFn) ainsi que le ratio LF/HF ont été analysés à partir de segments de 5 minutes d’électrocardiogramme sélectionnés lors du SLP des deux premiers cycles de sommeil. Au cours du premier cycle de sommeil, les somnambules, mais pas les sujets témoins, ont montré une diminution des LFn et du ratio LF/HF ainsi qu’une augmentation des HFn lors du sommeil de récupération par rapport au sommeil normal. Au cours du deuxième cycle, les somnambules ont montré une FC plus élevée en sommeil de récupération par rapport au sommeil de base et l’inverse a été trouvé chez les sujets témoins. Les somnambules ont montré une augmentation de l’activité parasympathique ainsi qu’une diminution de l’activité sympathique au cours du premier cycle du sommeil de récupération par rapport à la valeur initiale. Puisque cette fenêtre de temps est fortement associée à la survenue d'épisodes de somnambulisme chez les sujets prédisposés, cette hyperactivité parasympathique pourrait être impliquée dans la physiopathologie de somnambulisme. / Sleepwalkers show a dysfunction in the regulation of slow-wave sleep (SWS). Autonomic function is closely related to sleep stage regulation and reflects SWS intensity. We thus investigated cardiac autonomic function during SWS in sleepwalkers and controls during normal sleep and recovery sleep following sleep deprivation. Fourteen adult sleepwalkers (9 women, 5 men; 28.1±5.8 years) and 14 sex- and age-matched normal controls (27.8± 6.0 years) were evaluated prospectively by video-polysomnography for one baseline night and during recovery sleep following 25 hours of sleep deprivation. Heart rate (HR) and the spectral components of HR variability during subjects' SWS were investigated during the first and second sleep cycles of both sleep conditions. Five-minute segments of electrocardiographic recordings from SWS were used to investigate HR, low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) components of the HR spectral decomposition in absolute and normalized units (LFn and HFn), and LF/HF ratio during subjects’ first two sleep cycles. During the first sleep cycle, sleepwalkers, but not controls, showed a decrease in LF/HF ratio and LFn as well as increased HFn from baseline to recovery sleep. During the second sleep cycle, sleepwalkers showed increased HR from baseline to recovery sleep whereas a decrease in HR was observed in controls. Compared to control subjects, sleepwalkers show a greater increase of parasympathetic tone and greater decrease of sympathetic tone during the first sleep cycle of their recovery sleep as compared to baseline. Since the first sleep cycle during recovery sleep constitutes a time window preferentially associated with the occurrence of somnambulistic episodes in predisposed participants, this parasympathetic hyperactivity may be implicated in the pathophysiology of sleepwalking.

There are many studies about problematic of sleep connected with shift work. However, only few studies devoted to the conditions for good rest and sleep in patients hospitalized in intensive care units. Insufficient or poor quality sleep and relaxation are the most common problems reported by patients that were hospitalized at intensive care units (ICU). Sleep is one of the basic biological needs of human. Sleep deficit can lead to psychical and psychological dysfunction that can affect the healing process. The diploma thesis is dealing with sleeping issues of patients hospitalized especially at intensive care units. The aim of the study is to determining the opinions of nurses that work at intensive care units on meeting the needs relating with sleep and rest of hospitalized patients and mapping, what interventions they use to prevent of occurrence of difficulties in this area. The theoretical part at first describes physiology of sleep and biological rhythms, then sleep disorders, then factors affecting sleep along with the consequences of the lack of sleep and last nursing process for patients with sleep disorder. The empirical part presents the results of questionnaire survey and then results of executed statistical analysis. Established hypothesis not have been assumed in results of survey...

INTRODUÇÃO: A diminuição de horas de sono em estudantes de Medicina é um fator determinante para sonolência excessiva, e está associado a fatores como: sobrecarga de atividades, carga horária curricular excessiva, período de estudo integral, e estresse. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar sonolência diurna e a qualidade do sono entre estudantes de Medicina e sua relação com a qualidade de vida e o ambiente de ensino. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal randomizado de nacional, que utilizou a Escala de Sonolência Diurna de Epworth (ESS), o Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index versão português-Brasil (PSQI-BR), autoavaliação da qualidade de vida, The World Health Organisation Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF), o Questionário para Avaliar a Qualidade de Vida do Estudante e Residente da Área da Saúde (VERAS-Q), e o Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM), em uma plataforma eletrônica online desenvolvida para o estudo. Consideramos sonolência diurna excessiva os escores de Epworth > 10. RESULTADOS: Dos 1.650 estudantes randomizados, 1.350 (81,8%) completaram todos os questionários. A média (DP) da ESS foi de 10,3 (3,9), e o sexo feminino teve piores escores, 10,9 (3,8) vs 9,5 (3,9), (p < 0,001). Não houve diferença entre os anos do curso. A frequência de escores patológicos da ESS foi de 46,5%, sendo mais prevalente no sexo feminino (53,2 vs 39,0%). A média (DP) dos escores do PSQI-BR foi de 6,7 (3,0) e não houve diferença entre os sexos e anos do curso. Entre os estudantes com os maiores escores de sonolência diurna (quartil superior) 11,8% afirmaram estar satisfeitos com o seu sono. A percepção de qualidade de vida no curso foi menor que a percepção de qualidade de vida em geral, com média (DP) de 6,5 (1,6) vs 7,9 (1,3), respectivamente (p < 0,001). Estudantes do sexo feminino tiveram escores menores nos domínios físico e psicológico do WHOQOL-BREF (p < 0,05), e uso do tempo, psicológico e físico do VERAS-Q (p < 0,05). Alunos do final do curso apresentaram escores mais altos no domínio físico do WHOQOL-BREF (p < 0,05) e mais baixos no domínio ambiente de ensino do VERAS-Q (p < 0,05). Sobre a percepção do ambiente de ensino, de acordo com o DREEM, observamos que os estudantes têm uma visão mais positiva que negativa, média (DP) de 119,4 (27,1). O sexo feminino e os estudantes do quinto e sexto anos tiveram menores escores totais do DREEM (p < 0,05). Estudantes com índices patológicos de sonolência diurna apresentaram pior percepção de qualidade de vida geral e no curso, e piores escores dos domínios do WHOQOL-BREF, VERAS-Q e DREEM. A análise da regressão logística mostrou associação negativa entre a ESS e escores de qualidade de vida e ambiente de ensino, principalmente para os estudantes do quartil superior de Epworth. CONCLUSÕES: Houve uma alta prevalência de sonolência diurna entre estudantes de Medicina, sendo maior no sexo feminino. Os dados do presente estudo sugerem que a sonolência diurna influencia negativamente a percepção de qualidade de vida e do ambiente de ensino, reforçando a importância de medidas preventivas e de orientação dos estudantes de Medicina / INTRODUCTION: Few hours of sleep in medical students is a decisive issue for excessive sleepiness that is associated with: overload of activities, excessive curricular workload, full study period, and stress. We aimed to assess daytime sleepiness and sleep quality among medical students and their relation with the quality of life and the educational environment. METHODS: Cross-sectional multi-centric study with random sample, using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), quality of life self-assessment, The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF), the Health Professionals and Students\' Life Questionnaire (VERAS-Q), and the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) in an online electronic platform designed for the study. We considered excessive daytime sleepiness the Epworth scores > 10. RESULTS: From the total of 1,650 engaged students, 1,350 (81.8%) completed all questionnaires. The mean (SD) of the ESS was 10.3 (3.9), and female students had worse scores, 10.9 (3.8) vs 9.5 (3.9), (p < 0.001). There was no difference between the phases of medical training. The frequency of pathological ESS scores was 46.5%, being more prevalent in women (53.2 vs 39.0%) than in men. The mean (SD) of the PSQI scores was 6.7 (3.0) and there was no difference between gender and the phases of medical training. Among students with the highest daytime sleepiness scores (upper quartile) 11.8% reported being satisfied with their sleep. The perception of quality of life in the medical school was lower than the perception of quality of life in general, mean (SD) of 6.5 (1.6) vs 7.9 (1.3), respectively (p < 0.001). Female students had lower scores on the physical and psychological domains of the WHOQOL-BREF (p < 0.05), and use of time, psychological and physical domains of the VERAS-Q, (p < 0.05). Students at the end of graduation had higher scores in the physical domain of the WHOQOL-BREF (p < 0.05) and lower scores in the educational environment domain of the VERAS-Q (p < 0.05). Regarding the perception of the educational environment, according to the DREEM, we observed that students have more positive than negative view, mean (SD) of 119.4 (27.1). Females students at the end of graduation had lower global DREEM scores (p < 0.05) than male students. Students with pathological scores of daytime sleepiness had negative perception of overall quality of life and in the medical school, and lower scores of the WHOQOL-BREF, VERAS-Q and DREEM domains. Logistic regression analysis showed negative association between ESS scores and the quality of life questionnaires and teaching environment scores, especially for the upper quartile of Epworth. CONCLUSIONS: There was a higher prevalence of daytime sleepiness among medical students, mainly in females. Data from the present study suggest that daytime sleepiness negatively influences the perception of quality of life and the teaching environment, supporting de adoption of preventive measures and mentoring medical students

The purpose of this research was to investigate if various psychological wellbeing assessments can predict maximal strength performance and self-scored rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in the back squat. Fifty-eight resistance-trained males and females were recruited, and reported to the laboratory on one day. Subjects completed eight different scales and questionnaires before completing one-repetition maximum (1RM) testing of the squat, followed by two single-repetition sets at 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% of 1RM, and a set to volitional fatigue at 70% of 1RM. Cognitive anxiety and hypersomnia were found to be positive and negative predictors (p<0.05), respectively, of 1RM performance. Further, self-confidence, grit, and perceived recovery status were significant negative predictors of RPE (p<0.05). Finally, PRS was discovered to be a positive predictor of subject-reported 1RM self-efficacy (b=0.39, t=3.14, p<0.01, R2=0.15). / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection