The rational choice theory provides good explanations of the factors on juvenile delinquency: the decision-making mechanism of delinquency is as same as the other activities, is based on the rationality. Juveniles will increase the probability of delinquency if the expected utility exceeds the expected cost; oppositely, they will reduce the probability of delinquency if the expected cost exceeds the expected utility. This proposed research from the perspective of rational choice is to study the influence between juveniles¡¦ individual rationality and delinquency and intend to provide the reasonable explanation to provide the reasonable explanation to juvenile delinquency. But besides individual rational choice factor, the degree of social bond will also have the influence to juvenile delinquency, therefore this research will also simultaneously discuss the mediate effects of the society bonds to the rational choice and juvenile delinquency. Our results suggest that the rational choice (perception of risks and self-imposed costs) and the social bonds (attachment and belief) are negatively related to juvenile delinquency. The society bonds (attachment and belief) could mediate the effects of the rational choice and juvenile delinquency. The interaction between demographic characteristics and rational choice has few effect on juvenile delinquency.

abstract: Many parents are incarcerated, and most are eventually released. Parents that have to return home from prison may encounter difficulties adjusting to being a parent on the outside. Two competing criminological theories – social control and strain – build the framework for two pathways after release from prison – desistance or recidivism. The principal question of this study examines how being a parent to a minor child has an effect on the reentry pathways, and an interaction between being a parent and gender tests the differences between mothers and fathers. Existing studies have produced mixed results with some studies suggesting that minor children are a protective factor, and some suggesting the struggles of returning parents. Research has also shown that incarcerated mothers and fathers experience their incarceration differently, and it is surmised that this would have an impact on their reentry. Data used in this study were obtained through structured interviews with 952 inmates housed in the Arizona Department of Corrections in 2010 (n= 517 males (54%); n= 435 females (46%)). Logistic regression models show that having at least one minor child does not significantly impact the reentry outcomes for parents as compared to nonparents. In addition, the interaction between minor children and gender was also not significant – there were no differences between mothers and fathers. The statistically insignificant findings most likely show the cancelling effects of two distinct pathways for reentry. Implications of the findings are discussed below. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2016

A ideia de que há um mal-estar resultante da renúncia pulsional necessária para vivermos com outros já foi sustentada por Freud em 1930. A novidade de o mal-estar maior residir no próprio consumo de bens trazidos pela cultura é inaugurada pelo discurso do capitalista que está assentado sobre a convicção de que a ciência torna compreensível tudo o que teríamos a conhecer, a tecnociência fabricaria tudo de que temos necessidade e o mercado nos daria acesso a tudo que nos falta. O sujeito sugestionado por esse discurso, embora constituído como efeito da articulação significante, acredita auto engendrar-se e poder completar-se com esse triplo tudo. Ele é seduzido pela promessa de poder completar-se com o objeto, se não esse, com o próximo objeto adquirido, transformando-se em indivíduo completado pelo gozo. Ele fica à deriva, errando de objeto em objeto, a não ser que consiga vincular o objeto causa de desejo com os objetos escolhidos. Esse trabalho apresenta o nascimento do sujeito, a passagem da \"noite do mundo\" ao domínio simbólico, assim como a entrada de cada um na linguagem a partir dos primeiros Outros no processo de alienação constitutiva. Sublinha a importância do processo de separação para a constituição do sujeito desejante. Apresenta as diferentes versões do sintoma em Freud e Lacan, assim como as funções do objeto a, destacando a função de nomeação do sinthoma como possibilidade de invenção de um Nome próprio para, com isso, apoiar-se sobre o que cada um é como objeto a, quando o sujeito descompleta o Outro, o universo simbólico, o universal / The idea that there is a malaise resulting from the pulsional resignation necessary for us to live with others has already been sustained by Freud in 1930. The novelty that the greatest malaise resides in the comsumption itself of goods brought by the culture is inaugurated by the capitalists discourse which is settled on the conviction that science makes everything we would have to know comprehensible, technoscience would make everything that we need and the market would give us access to everything that we lack. The subject questioned by this discourse, although being constituted as an effect of the signifying articulation, believes to engender himself and to be able to be complete with this triple everything. He is seduced by the promise of being able to be complete with the object, if not with this present one, with the next object obtained, transforming himself into an individual completed by jouissance. He remains adrift, wandering from object to object, unless he is able to link the object that causes the desire to the chosen objects. This work represents the birth of the subject, the passage from the night of the world to the symbolic domain, as well as each ones entrance into the language from the first Others in the process of constitutive alienation. It stresses the importance of the separation process for the constitution of the desiring subject. It presents the different versions of the symptom in Freud and Lacan, as well as the functions of object a, when the subject discompletes the Other, the symbolic universe, the universal

A ideia de que há um mal-estar resultante da renúncia pulsional necessária para vivermos com outros já foi sustentada por Freud em 1930. A novidade de o mal-estar maior residir no próprio consumo de bens trazidos pela cultura é inaugurada pelo discurso do capitalista que está assentado sobre a convicção de que a ciência torna compreensível tudo o que teríamos a conhecer, a tecnociência fabricaria tudo de que temos necessidade e o mercado nos daria acesso a tudo que nos falta. O sujeito sugestionado por esse discurso, embora constituído como efeito da articulação significante, acredita auto engendrar-se e poder completar-se com esse triplo tudo. Ele é seduzido pela promessa de poder completar-se com o objeto, se não esse, com o próximo objeto adquirido, transformando-se em indivíduo completado pelo gozo. Ele fica à deriva, errando de objeto em objeto, a não ser que consiga vincular o objeto causa de desejo com os objetos escolhidos. Esse trabalho apresenta o nascimento do sujeito, a passagem da \"noite do mundo\" ao domínio simbólico, assim como a entrada de cada um na linguagem a partir dos primeiros Outros no processo de alienação constitutiva. Sublinha a importância do processo de separação para a constituição do sujeito desejante. Apresenta as diferentes versões do sintoma em Freud e Lacan, assim como as funções do objeto a, destacando a função de nomeação do sinthoma como possibilidade de invenção de um Nome próprio para, com isso, apoiar-se sobre o que cada um é como objeto a, quando o sujeito descompleta o Outro, o universo simbólico, o universal / The idea that there is a malaise resulting from the pulsional resignation necessary for us to live with others has already been sustained by Freud in 1930. The novelty that the greatest malaise resides in the comsumption itself of goods brought by the culture is inaugurated by the capitalists discourse which is settled on the conviction that science makes everything we would have to know comprehensible, technoscience would make everything that we need and the market would give us access to everything that we lack. The subject questioned by this discourse, although being constituted as an effect of the signifying articulation, believes to engender himself and to be able to be complete with this triple everything. He is seduced by the promise of being able to be complete with the object, if not with this present one, with the next object obtained, transforming himself into an individual completed by jouissance. He remains adrift, wandering from object to object, unless he is able to link the object that causes the desire to the chosen objects. This work represents the birth of the subject, the passage from the night of the world to the symbolic domain, as well as each ones entrance into the language from the first Others in the process of constitutive alienation. It stresses the importance of the separation process for the constitution of the desiring subject. It presents the different versions of the symptom in Freud and Lacan, as well as the functions of object a, when the subject discompletes the Other, the symbolic universe, the universal

The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in feelings of unsafety between genders and the use of safety strategies, using gender theory, social bond theory, and feminist theory as theoretical frameworks. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, collecting data through a quantitative self-designed questionnaire with 64 respondents and qualitative focus group discussions involving 24 participants across five different groups. The results reveal significant gender differences, with women reporting higher levels of unsafety and greater use of safety strategies compared to men. By applying gender theory, social bond theory, and feminist theory, the study shows that structural factors in society affect experience of unsafety and the use of safety strategies differently for men and women. The conclusion is that these theoretical frameworks contribute to a deeper understanding of gender differences in fear of crime and how these differences are reflected in the safety strategies used.

During the last years a new trend has been recognized where real estate owners and institutesissue social bonds in the bond exchange market in Sweden. This together with the stronggrowth of green bonds gives the issuer better opportunities to develop sustainable projects.This study examinate the practical application of social bonds in the real estate sector. Thecriteria used in social projects vary by issuer, and one example is provided by the Swedishissuer Kommuninvest, where their main requirements to be qualified as a social project aresocial issues regarding 1. housing and living environment, 2. safety and availability 3. sports,education, culture and health. Kommuninvest is using a secondary opinion to ensuretrustworthiness of the bonds. However, the goals of the projects for actors issuing socialbonds can to some extent be unclear and especially hard to evaluate. A better measurability ofsocial bonds would make it easier for actors in the market to clarify the potential of theprojects and increase the interest for social bonds from investors. The findings of this studyshows that criteria, motivations and practice of social bonds differs between actors in themarket, and that the differences are particularly pronounced between investors and issuers.The study also shows that there is currently limited development of a common social bondframework, although a social taxonomy is underway. According to the findings, the maincornerstone for issuing social bonds in Sweden is the Social Bond Principles produced byICMA. In addition, the Sustainable Development goals by the United Nations are commongoals the actors connect their social projects to. Instead of using theoretical methods forevaluation of social projects, actors use different statistics such as crime rate, safety level andrelocation statistics. According to the actors interviewed, the social bond market is still newand will go through changes in policies and standards in the upcoming years. / Under de senaste åren har en ny trend uppmärksammats där fastighetsägare och institut ger utsociala obligationer på obligationsmarknaden i Sverige. Detta tillsammans med den storatillväxten av gröna obligationer ger emittenten bättre möjligheter att utveckla hållbaraprojekt. Denna studie undersöker den praktiska tillämpningen av sociala obligationer ifastighetssektorn. Kriterierna för att ett projekt ska kvalificeras som ett socialt projektvarierar för olika emittenter, och ett exempel är den svenska emittenten Kommuninvest, därderas främsta krav för att kvalificeras som ett socialt projekt är sociala frågor kring 1. boendeoch boendemiljö, 2. trygghet och tillgänglighet 3. idrott, utbildning, kultur och hälsa.Kommuninvest använder ett andrahandsutlåtande för att säkerställa obligationernastrovärdighet. Målen för projekten kopplade till sociala obligationer kan dock till viss del varaoklara och särskilt svåra att utvärdera. En bättre mätbarhet av sociala obligationer skulle göradet lättare för aktörer på marknaden att tydliggöra projektets potential och även öka intressetför sociala obligationer från investerare. Resultaten av denna studie visar att kriterier, motivoch praxis för sociala obligationer skiljer sig åt mellan aktörer på marknaden, och attskillnaderna är särskilt uttalade mellan investerare och emittenter. Studien visar också att detför närvarande är begränsad utveckling av ett gemensamt ramverk för sociala bindningar,även om en social taxonomi är på gång. Den huvudsakliga grundstenen för att emitterasociala obligationer i Sverige är “The Social Bond Principles” som tagits fram av ICMA.Dessutom är FN:s globala mål för hållbar utveckling något som aktörerna kopplar sinasociala projekt till. Användning av teoretiska metoder i praktiken för att utvärdera socialaprojekt är sällsynt bland aktörerna. I stället använder aktörerna statistik i form av exempelvisbrottslighet, säkerhet och flyttfrekvens för att utvärdera sociala projekt. Enligt de intervjuadeaktörerna är marknaden för sociala obligationer fortfarande ny och kommer att gå igenomförändringar vad gäller policyer och standarder under de kommande åren.

O presente trabalho pretende investigar a relação entre as noções de corpo, discurso e laço social na chamada Teoria dos quatro discursos de Jacques Lacan. A pesquisa partiu de um levantamento bibliográfico (que não se pretende exaustivo, mas representativo) das possíveis leituras feitas dessa conceituação lacaniana. Esse levantamento permite perceber certa dispersão no campo de sua aplicação. Em seguida, apresenta-se uma leitura do Seminário XVII, O avesso da psicanálise, ministrado por Lacan no ano de 1969-1970 e escolhido por ser o momento em que os quatro discursos (a saber, do mestre, da histérica, do analista e da universidade) são apresentados e conceituados como modalidades de laço social. Dito de outro modo, consideramos que é neste momento que o termo discurso ganha densidade e especificidade conceitual. Esta leitura é subsidiada por uma apresentação dos seminários imediatamente anterior e posterior, de modo a destacar os desenvolvimentos lacanianos que levam à formulação dos quatro discursos. Deste modo, é possível: 1) comparar a conceituação lacaniana com as leituras que dela derivam e 2) esboçar uma noção de corpo que leve em conta a teoria dos quatro discursos / This work intends to investigate the relationship amongst the notions of body, discourse and social bond in the so called Theory of four discourses of Jacques Lacan. The research started with a bibliographic survey (which does not intend exhaustive, but representative) of the possible readings made of this lacanian conceptualization. This survey allowed us to perceive some dispersion in the field of its application. Then we present a reading of Seminar XVII, The other side of psychoanalysis, delivered by Lacan in 1969-1970 and chosen for being the moment when the four discourses (namely, of the master, of the hysteric, of the analyst and of the university) are presented and conceptualized as modalities of social bond. In other words, we consider that this is the moment when the term discourse gains conceptual density and specificity. This reading is subsidized by a presentation of the seminars right before and after the aforementioned, so as to highlight the lacanian developments that lead to the formulation of the four discourses. This way, it is possible: 1) to compare the lacanian conceptualization with the readings that derive from it and 2) to sketch a notion of body that takes into account the theory of the four discourses

Essa dissertação investiga as relações entre os meios de comunicação, o capitalismo e a difusão de um discurso a respeito do autismo que o concebe como um cérebro anômalo. Para tal, procurou-se, primeiramente, examinar como o apagamento, no âmbito social, da visão de mundo concernente à teoria critica, evidencia a ascensão da forma de laço social denominada Discurso do Capitalista. Verificou-se também como a construção do campo da Psiquiatria Infantil e, no seu interior, o desenvolvimento do diagnóstico do autismo, submetem-se aos processos históricos. Concerne ainda à presente pesquisa, a reflexão sobre a atuação das mídias na difusão e manutenção de uma visão de mundo que confere à ciência um estatuto primordialmente tecnicista. Finalmente, no exame dos meios de comunicação, percebemos como, a partir de um texto que se pretende neutro, padrões de normalidade são disseminados como uma ciência vendida em drágeas. A partir disso, investigamos por meio da análise documental de reportagens publicadas, em periódicos destinados ao grande público, como o corpo dos autistas é apresentado. Vivemos, no campo do jornalismo científico, uma espécie de Idade Mídia na qual só é ciência aquilo que os periódicos criam como mercadoria, para ser consumida no mercado de saberes. O autismo, nesse sentido, é uma mercadoria desejada. A questão final da presente pesquisa recai sobre os possíveis desdobramentos que a noção de corpo em psicanálise pode apresentar como contraponto a um discurso biotecnológico acerca do autismo. / This dissertation researches the relationship between media, capitalism and a diffusion of a discourse concerning a conception of autism as an anomalous brain. The first step was to examine how the erasure, in the social sphere, of the worldview concerning the critical theory, evidences the rise of the form of social bond denominated Capitalist Discourse. It was also verified how the construction of the field of Child Psychiatry and, within it, the development of the diagnosis of autism, submit to historical processes. It is also related to the present research, the reflection on the media\'s performance in the diffusion and maintenance of a world view that gives science a primarily technical status. Finally, in the examination of the media, we perceive how, from a text that is intended to be neutral, patters of normality are disseminated as a science sold in dragees. From that, we investigate through documental analysis of published reports, in periodicals intended for the general public, how the body of autistic individuals is presented. We live, in the field of scientific journalism, a kind of Media Age in which it is only science what newspapers create as a commodity, to be consumed in the knowledge market. Autism, in this sense, is a desired commodity. The final question of the present research rests on the possible unfoldings that the notion of body in psychoanalysis can present as a counterpoint to a biotechnological discourse about autism.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T18:12:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 25 / Banco Santander / Banespa / Este trabalho focaliza a participação de jovens em um grupo religioso de orientação católica, o ONDA, pertencente a uma pastoral de paróquia da região do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Através da forma como vinte jovens participantes constroem o referente ONDA, em oficinas e entrevistas, a pesquisa investiga que representações os jovens constroem do trabalho realizado no grupo e quais as possíveis repercussões desse trabalho em relação à estruturação da vida em sociedade. Consideramos, enfim, bastante relevante buscar compreender como o sujeito constrói sua subjetividade a partir do reconhecimento de si na relação com o outro. A teoria da enunciação de Benveniste, apresentada como um quadro teórico pertinente para transcender a análise intralinguística e permitir o estudo da intersubjetividade como condição para a constituição da subjetividade, fundamenta a pesquisa. Considerações feitas no campo dos estudos psicanalíticos a respeito da adolescência auxiliam-nos a compreender os atravessamentos que perpassam a consti / This study focuses on the participation of young people in a religious group of Catholic orientation, called ONDA, which belongs to a parish pastoral in the region of the Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Based on the way twenty young participants build the referent ONDA, at workshops and interviews, this research analyzes the role of this activity in the process of appropriation of a place in the symbolic space by these young people. Benveniste’s enunciation theory, presented as a meaningful theoretical frame in order to transcend the intra-linguistic analysis and allow the study of intersubjectivity as a condition for the construction of subjectivity, bases this research. Discussions realized in the field of psychoanalytic studies on adolescence helped us understand factors that are part of the constitution of young people as a subject of/in language. Results of this study reveal that these young people find support in the relation with their peers and with the leader and, also, that being part of a group favors the s

Esta pesquisa nasceu da escuta clínica, de uma preocupação com o que os sujeitos compartilham entre si da cultura e que afeta sua maneira de sofrer. Num mundo globalizado, capitalista, no qual a vida das pessoas se organiza em torno do consumo, pela informação que chega “em tempo real” através de telas, e que a comunicação e o contato se dão cada vez mais de maneira remota, se colocou a questão da mediação do laço social pela imagem, a respeito dos diferentes tipos de imagens e os efeitos que produzem no sujeito e no laço social. A metodologia de pesquisa é a do ensaio, uma vez que o ato de escrever é que é a própria metodologia do trabalho: elaboração de leituras e pensamentos, que é engendrada no momento da escrita e não escapa de um endereçamento ao outro. Foram utilizadas como principais referênciais as obras de Jacques Lacan, Guy Debord e o trabalho do artista plástico Vik Muniz. Não houve pretensão de esgotar o tema de pesquisa proposto, uma vez que formular uma questão é sempre deparar-se em seguida com uma pergunta nova, mas apenas lançar considerações sobre o espetáculo enquanto uma relação capitalista com a imagem, e o papel da arte e da psicanálise na promoção de utopias que sirvam para abrir brechas no poder instituído. / This research is born from clinical listening, from a concern about what the subjects share with each other from their culture and that affects their way of suffering. In a globalized world, capitalist, in which people's lives are organized around consumption, by incoming information "in real time" through screens and communication and contact are more and more remote, came the question about the mediation of the social bond by images, about the different types of images and the effects they produce in the subject and the social bond. The research methodology is the assay, since the act of writing is the very methodology of work: elaboration of readings and thoughts, which is engendered in the writting process and does not escape from being addressed to the other. Were used as the main references the theories of Jacques Lacan, Guy Debord and the work of the artist Vik Muniz. There was no pretension of exhausting the proposed research topic, since formulating a question is always being faced then with a new one, we just put in spot some considerations about the spectacle as a capitalistic relation to the image, and the role of art and psychoanalysis in promoting utopias that serve to open gaps in the established power.