published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Sciences

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Societies that foster high quality social environments and integration produce healthier populations. The mechanisms underlying the protective effect of social integration appear to be through various forms of social support. In the Canadian Aboriginal context, few authors have explored the relationship between health and social support. This gap in understanding is significant because Aboriginal frameworks of health point to the salience of larger social structures (i.e., family), yet patterns of population health point to distinctly social causes of morbidity and mortality (e.g., violence, alcoholism). An interesting paradox emerges: patterns of Aboriginal health suggest that social support is not working to promote health. This dissertation explores this paradox through a mixed-methods approach to describe the value of social support for Aboriginal health, and to critically examine the social-structural processes and mechanisms through which social support influences Aboriginal health at the community level. / Principal components analyses of the 2001 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS) identified social support as a consistent dimension of Metis and Inuit health, and multivariable logistic regression modelling of the 2001 APS identified social support to be a significant determinant of thriving health among Indigenous men and women (e.g., those reporting their health as excellent/very good versus good/fair/poor). The results also indicate a distinct social gradient in thriving health status and social support among Aboriginal Canadians. / Narrative analyses of 26 interviews with Aboriginal Community Health Representatives point to two key explanations for the health-support paradox: (i) social support is not a widely accessible resource; and (ii) the negative health effects of social support can outweigh the positive ones. The formation of health behaviours and cultural norms - which underpin social supports - are inextricably tied to the poor material circumstances that characterize Canada's Aboriginal communities. The thesis concludes with a critical examination of the processes through which environmental dispossession has influenced the determinants of Aboriginal health, broadly speaking. Effects are most acute within the material and social environments of Aboriginal communities. More research attention should focus on identifying the pathways through which the physical, material and social environments interact to influence the health of Aboriginal Canadians.

Nous avons développé un modèle qui cherche à identifier les déterminants des trajectoires scolaires des élèves universitaires en articulant deux perspectives théoriques et en utilisant une approche méthodologique mixte en deux phases : quantitative et qualitative. La première phase est basée sur le modèle de Tinto (1992) avec l'incorporation d'autres variables de Crespo et Houle (1995). Cette étape a atteint deux objectifs. Dans le premier, on a identifié les différences entre les variables exogènes (indice économique, l'éducation parentale, moyen au lycée et moyenne dans l’examen d'entrée) et trois types de trajectoires: la persévérante, de décalage et d’abandon. Cette phase était basée sur les données d'un sondage administré à 800 étudiants à l'Université de Sonora (Mexique). Les résultats montrent que ceux qui ont quitté l'institution ont obtenu des scores significativement plus bas sur les variables exogènes. Le deuxième objectif a été atteint pour les trajectoires persévérantes et de décalage, en établissant que les étudiants ont une plus grande chance d’être persévérants lorsqu’ils présentent de meilleurs scores dans deux variables exogènes (l'examen d'entrée et être de genre féminin) et quatre viable endogènes (haute intégration académique, de meilleures perspectives d'emploi, ont une bourse). Dans la deuxième phase nous avons approfondi la compréhension (Verstehen) des processus d'articulation entre l'intégration scolaire et sociale à travers de trois registres proposés par Dubet (2005): l'intégration, le projet et la vocation. Cette phase a consisté dans 30 interviews avec étudiantes appartenant aux trois types de trajectoire. À partir du travail de Bourdages (1994) et Guzman (2004), nous avons cherché le sens de l'expérience attribuée par les étudiants au processus éducatif. Les résultats révèlent cinq groupes d’étudiantes avec des expériences universitaires identifiables : ceux qui ont une intégration académique et sociale plus grande, les femmes travailleuses intégrées académiquement, ceux qui ont les plus grandes désavantages économiques et d’intégration scolaire, ceux qui ont cherché leur vocation dans un autre établissement et ceux qui n'ont pas poursuivi leurs études. L'utilisation de différents outils statistiques (analyse de corrélation, analyse de régression logistique et analyse des conglomérats) dans la première phase a permis d’identifier des variables clés dans chaque type de trajectoire, lesquelles ont été validées avec les résultats de la phase qualitative. Cette thèse, en plus de montrer l'utilité d'une approche méthodologique mixte, étend le modèle de Tinto (1987) et confirme l'importance de l'intégration scolaire pour la persévérance à l'université. / We developed a model that seeks to identify the determinants of university student academic paths articulating two theoretical perspectives trough the use of a mixed methodological approach in two phases: quantitative and qualitative. First, the quantitative model based on Tinto (1992) with the incorporation of other variables from Crespo and Houle (1995). This phase attained two purposes. In the first, were determined the differences between the exogenous variables (economic index, parents’ educational level, high school average and average of the entrance exam) and three types of trajectory: persistent, lagged and attrition. This phase was based on data from a survey applied to 800 students at the University of Sonora (Mexico). The results show that those who left the institution had scores significantly lower at the exogenous variables. The second objective was achieved from the trajectories persistent and lagged. It was found that there is a greater chance of having a persistent trajectory when students have a high academic integration, better scores on the entrance exam, more employment expectations, having obtained a scholarship and being a woman. In the second phase a deeper understanding (verstehen) of the processes of articulation between the academic and social integration was developed through three registers: integration, project and vocation, as proposed by Dubet (2005). This phase consisted in conducting of 30 interviews with students of all three types of trajectories. From the work of Bourdages (1994) and Guzman (2004), we sought the meaning of the experience given by the students to the educational process. The results reveal five groups of students with identifiable college experiences: the ones with highest academic and social integration, the female workers with academic integration, the ones most economically disadvantaged and lower academic integration, those who sought his vocation in a different institution and the ones who dropped out. The use of different statistical tools (correlation analysis, logistic regression analysis and cluster analysis) handled in the first phase identified key variables in each type of trajectory, which were validated with the results of the qualitative phase. This thesis, in addition to showing the usefulness of a mixed methodological approach, extends the Tinto’s model (1987) and confirms the importance of academic integration for persistence in university studies. / Se desarrolló un modelo que pretende identificar las determinantes de las trayectorias estudiantiles universitarias articulando dos perspectivas teóricas mediante un proceso de acercamiento metodológico mixto en dos fases: cuantitativa y cualitativa. La primera fase se fundamenta en el modelo de Tinto (1992) con la incorporación de otros conceptos a partir de Crespo y Houle (1995). Esta fase cumplió dos objetivos. En el primero, se determinaron las diferencias entre las variables exógenas (índice económico, escolaridad de los padres, promedio de preparatoria y promedio del examen de ingreso) y tres tipos de trayectoria: perseverante, rezagada y de abandono. Esta fase se basó sobre los datos provenientes de un sondeo administrado a 800 estudiantes de la Universidad de Sonora (México). Los resultados muestran que quienes abandonaron la institución presentaban puntajes significativamente más bajos respecto a las variables exógenas. El segundo objetivo se alcanzó a partir de las trayectorias perseverante y rezagada; estableciéndose una mayor probabilidad de ser perseverante si presentan mejores puntajes en dos variables exógenas (el examen de admisión y ser mujer) y cuatro variables endógenas (integración académica alta, contar con mayores expectativas de empleo, haber obtenido una beca y no tener deudas). En la segunda fase, se profundizó la comprensión (verstehen) de los procesos de articulación entre la integración académica y social a través de tres registros propuestos por Dubet (2005): integración, vocación y proyecto. Esta fase consistió en la conducción de 30 entrevistas con estudiantes de los tres tipos de trayectoria. A partir de los trabajos de Bourdages (1994) y Guzmán (2004), se buscó el sentido de la experiencia otorgada por los estudiantes a su proceso formativo. Los resultados revelan cinco grupos de estudiantes con experiencias universitarias identificables: los de mayor integración académica y social, las trabajadoras integradas académicamente, los de mayores desventajas económicas y de integración académica, los que buscaron su vocación en otra institución y los que no continuaron estudiando. La utilización de diversas herramientas estadísticas (análisis de correlación, análisis de regresión logística y análisis de conglomerados) manipuladas en la primera fase permitió identificar variables determinantes en cada tipo de trayectoria, que fueron validadas con los resultados de la fase cualitativa. Esta tesis, además de mostrar la utilidad de un acercamiento metodológico mixto, extiende el modelo de Tinto (1987) y confirma la importancia de la integración académica para la perseverancia en los estudios universitarios.

La presente investigación analiza la influencia del territorio (el barrio) sobre la configuración y desarrollo de los trayectos juveniles -especialmente en las dimensiones formativas, laborales y de ocio-, al mismo tiempo que tiene en cuenta la ciudad y el impacto de las instituciones sociales ubicadas en el barrio. La pregunta de investigación entorno a la cual gira el presente trabajo es si vivir en un barrio desfavorecido influye en el desarrollo personal, laboral y social de los jóvenes (de entre 16 y 24 años) que residen en él; así como la forma en qué influye, y a través de qué mecanismos lo hace. Dicho de otro modo, pretendemos estudiar si el tipo de barrio en el que los jóvenes crecen, está relacionado con que los jóvenes residentes desarrollen trayectorias vitales vulnerables a la exclusión social. Con la intención de comprender el efecto barrio y qué relación mantiene con la vulnerabilidad a la exclusión social juvenil, definimos tres objetivos fundamentales: el primer objetivo supone analizar la influencia del barrio en las condiciones y la calidad de vida de sus residentes, especialmente entre los jóvenes. El segundo objetivo pretende explicar los mecanismos a través de los que operan la influencia que ejercen las instituciones y sus actores (educadores, trabajadores sociales) en la configuración los trayectos juveniles. Y el tercer objetivo es identificar puntos fuertes y débiles de las actuaciones institucionales dirigidas a los jóvenes en estos barrios. Para abordar estos objetivos, hemos desarrollado una metodología variada, la cual combina el análisis cuantitativo –mediante el uso de datos censales y del padrón municipal -, el análisis cualitativo –a partir de la recogida de información (sentimientos, percepciones…) a través de instrumentos cualitativos como de la entrevista semi-estructurada temática y oral, la entrevista estructurada temática y escrita –y, el análisis comparativo entre ciudades (Barcelona y Milán), barrios (Trinitat Nova, Ciutat Meridiana, Comasina y Sant’Ambrogio) y jóvenes. Entre las conclusiones del estudio se destaca: en primer lugar, la heterogeneidad del colectivo joven y la diversidad de trayectos juveniles que éstos desarrollan en cada uno de los cuatro barrios. En segundo lugar, la evidencia de que el efecto barrio en Trinitat Nova, Ciutat Meridiana, Comasina y Sant’Ambrogio no es homogéneo ni determinante para los trayectos vitales de los jóvenes. Sino que éste presenta intensidades y formas diferentes de influencia, en función de las estrategias e interacciones que los jóvenes establecen con las instituciones (en especial, en el ámbito de la educación y uso del tiempo libre). Y en tercer lugar, la vulnerabilidad social que experimentan algunos jóvenes en estos barrios no está tan vinculada al barrio en el que viven, sino a las interacciones que se establecen entre instituciones y jóvenes, y las experiencias derivadas de dicha interacción. Entre el conjunto de experiencias, tienen un peso muy importante en la configuración de los trayectos juveniles las vivencias en el ámbito de la instrucción y del uso del tiempo libre. Éstas impactan significativamente en la autoestima de los jóvenes y en sus expectativas de futuro. / Aquesta investigació analitza la influència del territori (el barri) sobre la configuració i desenvolupament dels trajectes juvenils- especialment en les dimensions formatives, laborals i d'oci-, alhora que té en compte la ciutat i l'impacte de les institucions socials ubicades al barri. La pregunta d’investigació entorn de la qual gira el present treball és si viure en un barri desfavorit influeix en el desenvolupament personal, laboral i social dels joves¡ (d'entre 16 i 24 anys) que hi resideixen, així com la forma en què influeix, i a través de quins mecanismes ho fa. Dit d’una altra manera, pretenem estudiar si el tipus de barri en què els joves creixen, està relacionat amb què els joves residents desenvolupin trajectòries vitals vulnerables a l'exclusió social. Amb la intenció de comprendre l'efecte barri i quina relació manté amb la vulnerabilitat a l'exclusió social juvenil, definim tres objectius fonamentals: el primer objectiu suposa analitzar la influència del barri en les condicions i la qualitat de vida dels seus residents, especialment entre els joves. El segon objectiu pretén explicar els mecanismes a través dels que operen la influència que exerceixen les institucions i els seus actors (educadors, treballadors socials) en la configuració dels trajectes juvenils. I el tercer objectiu és identificar punts forts i febles de les actuacions institucionals adreçades als joves en aquests barris. Per abordar aquests objectius, hem desenvolupat una metodologia variada, la qual combina l'anàlisi quantitatiu- mitjançant l'ús de dades censals i del padró municipal-, l'anàlisi qualitatiu- a partir del qual s’ha recollit informació com ara sentiments, percepcions..., mitjançant instruments qualitatius com l'entrevista semi-estructurada temàtica i oral, l'entrevista estructurada temàtica i escrita- i, l'anàlisi comparatiu entre ciutats (Barcelona i Milà), barris (Trinitat Nova, Ciutat Meridiana, Comasina i Sant'Ambrogio) i joves. Les conclusions més rellevants d’aquest estudi són: en primer lloc, l'heterogeneïtat del col•lectiu jove i la diversitat de trajectes juvenils que aquests desenvolupen en cada un dels quatre barris. En segon lloc, l'evidència que l'efecte barri a Trinitat Nova, Ciutat Meridiana, Comasina i Sant'Ambrogio no és homogeni ni determinant per als trajectes vitals dels joves. Sinó que aquest presenta intensitats i formes diferents d'influència, en funció de les estratègies i interaccions que els joves estableixen amb les institucions (en especial, amb les institucions de l'àmbit de l'educació en el lleure). I en tercer lloc, la vulnerabilitat social que experimenten alguns joves en aquests barris no està tan vinculada al barri on viuen, sinó a les interaccions que s'estableixen entre institucions i joves, i les experiències derivades d'aquesta interacció. Entre el conjunt d'experiències, tenen un pes molt important en la configuració dels trajectes juvenils les vivències en l'àmbit de la instrucció i de l'ús del temps lliure. Aquestes impacten significativament en l'autoestima dels joves i en les seves expectatives de futur. / This investigation analyses the influence of the territory (the neighbourhood) on the configuration and development of youth trajectories – especially regarding education, work and leisure time-, while taking into consideration the city and the impact of social institutions located in the neighbourhood. Our central research questions are: Does living in a deprived neighbourhood have an impact on the careers, and personal and social development of young people (16 to 24 years old)? How is that influence? Which are the mechanisms at work? In other words, we aim to study if the neighbourhood where young people grow up is related to the development of life trajectories vulnerable to social exclusion. Aiming to understand the neighbourhood effect and the type of relation with vulnerability to social exclusion, three main objectives were defined: First, to analyse the influence of the neighbourhood regarding living conditions and quality of life of the residents, especially young people. Second, to explain the mechanisms used by institutions and their actors (educators, social workers) to impact on the configuration of youth trajectories. And third, to identify weaknesses and strengths of institutional actions designed for young people in these neighbourhoods. To tackle our objectives, we have developed a comprehensive methodology, combining quantitative analysis –combining census data and the municipal registry of inhabitants-, qualitative analysis –gathering information (feelings, perceptions…) through qualitative tools such as thematic semi-structured oral interviews, and thematic structured written interviews- and, comparative analysis between cities (Barcelona and Milan), neighbourhoods (Trinitat Nova, Ciutat Meridiana, Comasina y Sant’Ambrogio), and young people. The conclusions of our research highlight, firstly, the heterogeneity of young people and the diversity of youth trajectories developed in each neighbourhood. Secondly, it became evident that the neighbourhood effect in the sample neighbourhoods is neither homogeneous, nor determinant for youth life paths. In contrast, there are different degrees and types of impact, depending on the strategies and interactions young people establish with the institutions (especially with regard to education and use of leisure time). And, thirdly, social vulnerability experienced by some youth in the sample neighbourhoods is not strictly related to the neighbourhood where they live but, instead, to the interactions established between institutions and young people, and the experiences based on such interaction. Among these experiences, the ones related to education and use of leisure time, play a key role in the configuration of youth trajectories, having a significant impact on the self-esteem and future expectations of young people.

Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-57).

This study examines a project carried out by Stockholms stadsmuseum in the area of Östberga in Stockholm called Stadsmuseet på plats – Östberga. Interviews with museum personnel and analysis of documents related to the project make up the material for this study. The theory used is The Contextual Model of Learning, which in this study is adjusted to apply a museum-centered perspective rather than a visitor-centered one. The aim is to examine the intentions behind this type of outreach work and how it relates to the concept of the socially responsible museum. This concept is an expression of the development of the museum towards a visitor-centered, democratic and inclusive institution. It also includes a political idea, primarily in a British context, of the museum as a vehicle for positive social change. This study shows that Stadsmuseet på plats – Östberga is connected to larger political goals within the municipality regarding a sustainable social development. The museum’s intentions behind the project combines a regard for the local development of Östberga, with the fulfillment of internal institutional goals relating to audience development, development of museum collections, and creating an inclusive cultural heritage that represents every part of Stockholm. This is a two years master’s thesis in Museum and Cultural Heritage Studies.

In my diploma thesis I deal with the issue of individual planning as an important tool for social integration of seniors after their entering into the residential social services - Retirement Home Třebíč. The issue of population aging and the seniors seeking residential social services becomes an important issue today and it is related to the increasing length of human life. This thesis consists of a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part is divided into eleven chapters and includes the basic issues related to the main research question. In the empirical part of the diploma thesis there is the goal stated, which is to chart a setting of the individual planning process in the Retirement Home Třebíč. A qualitative research method was applied for a data collection and a sub-analysis method was chosen to create groups (clumps). The major research question for this thesis was established: "Does the individual planning in the Retirement Home Třebíč serve for social integration of the service users?" To answer the main research question, five specific research questions were defined: 1. Are the physiological needs of the users being fulfilled? 2. Is the clients' need for security being fulfilled? 3. Are the social needs of clients being fulfilled? 4. Is the need of clients' autonomy being fulfilled, 5. Are clients satisfied with the individual planning? The research work itself was conducted in two phases. A preliminary research was performed in the first phase and only then the research itself followed. The resulting data were structured and presented according to the specific research questions. The research showed that the respondents are satisfied with individual planning in the Retirement Home Třebíč. In order for the social integration of service users to be complete, not only social but also physiological needs, the need for security and autonomy of residents' needs should be fulfilled. Only if a full range of needs is fulfilled completely, one can speak of a functioning social integration. The research also revealed that all respondents have a key worker and know her name. They identically also answered the question whether they have an individual plan of care formed for them. It reflects wishes of the user if the provided services of the home allow that. To answer the main research question "Does the individual planning in the Senior Home Třebíč serve for social integration of the service users?" my answer is yes. One of the important areas that affect the individual planning and service users' satisfaction is a mutual communication between the residents and staff of the facility. Their proactive approach is of great importance in all areas assessed. In the interviews, clients also repeatedly praised the friendly atmosphere in the home. This thesis should expand awareness of an individual planning in a retirement home among students, home workers, especially key employees, but also the general public.

CAPES / O presente estudo realiza uma cartografia com a intenção de entender como se dão as relações entre o Programa Trinacional Ñandeva, um programa pertencente ao Parque Tecnológico de Itaipu, executado na região da Tríplice fronteira entre Brasil, Paraguai e Argentina e a COART - Cooperativa de Artesanato do Oeste e Sudoeste do Paraná. A COART busca reunir artesãos da região defendendo seus interesses e o Ñandeva objetiva o fortalecimento do setor artesanal e da identidade regional, trinacional, a partir da intervenção de designers em oficinas de capacitação e criação de iconografias destinadas a artesãos da região. Pretende-se, do ponto de vista da cultura material, perceber e apontar reflexões sobre as relações sociais, conflitos e disputas de poder que estão envolvidas no processo de produção e circulação artesanal. Para isso, a pesquisa apoia-se na circulação dos artefatos artesanais e nas narrativas dos sujeitos envolvidos, no contexto específico da cidade de Foz do Iguaçu, no período de 2012 a 2015. Para tanto, propõe-se conhecer as propostas e o funcionamento desses espaços, assim como mapear os movimentos realizados pelos artefatos a partir de narrativas das interlocutoras Dircéia Braga, Gorette Milioli e Nilse Mognol, responsáveis pelo Programa Ñandeva e Cooperativa COART. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, na qual as estratégias de desenvolvimento relacionam revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa exploratória e análise dos resultados, para buscar compreender e descrever os possíveis atravessamentos existentes entre Programa e Cooperativa. Acredita-se que este estudo possa contribuir para os estudos de cultura material demonstrando que na circulação dos artefatos artesanais estão presentes práticas, estratégias e disputas nem sempre explicitados. / This study conducts a cartography with the intent to understand the relationships inside the Programa Trinacional Ñandeva, a program belonging to the Itaipu Technological Park, performed in the region of the Triple border between Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and belonging to' COART - Handcraft Cooperative of West and Southwestern of Paraná. The COART seeks to bring together artisans of the region defending their interests and the Ñandeva wants to improve the handcraft sector and regional, tri-national identity, starting with the intervention of designers in training workshops and creating iconography aimed at craftsmen in the region. It is intended, from the point of view of material culture, realize and point attentions on social relations, conflicts and power struggles that are involved in the production and circulation handmade process. For this, the research relies on the movement of artisanal artifacts and narratives of the subjects involved in the specific context of the city of Foz do Iguaçu, in the period 2012 to 2015. Therefore, it is proposed to understand the proposals and the working of these spaces, and how to follow the movements made by artifacts from narratives of interlocutors Dircéia Braga, Gorette Milioli and Nilse Mognol responsible for Program Ñandeva and COART Cooperative. this is an exploratory research, in which development strategies are related to literature review, exploratory research and analysis of results, seeking to understand and describe the possible existing crossings between Program and Cooperative. It is believed that this study may contribute to the material culture studies demonstrating that the movement of artisanal artifacts are present practices, strategies and disputes not always explicit.

The aim of my extended essay is to evaluate some social aspects after amputations of extremities with children and adults. The work is divided into several parts. In the first theoretical part, the attention is paid to a history of amputations and some indications for an extremity amputation. At the same time, the summary of amputation lines of upper and lower extremities is set up here as well. In this part, there is a list of some indications leading to an amputation of an extremity, too. Besides, here is some theoretical imformation on the comprehensive rehabilitation, especially on therapeutic, social and working one. Some data obtained by evaluating my own research are presented in the practical part of this extended essay. The research was carried out with a quantitative questionnaire method. After the evaluation, all three determined hypotheses were confirmed. Hypothesis No. 1: I suppose the children and adolescents do not feel being seen at a disadvantage after the amputation of an extremity, which is brought by this treatment. Hypothesis No. 2: Women come to terms with the amputation of an extremity psychically worse than men do. Hypothesis No. 3: I suppose the amputation of an upper extremity is a greater handicap than a loss of a lower one, in consideration of one's asserting at the labour market. The practical evaluation contains all the comparisons of the research results with some specialized literature, too. The main contribution of my extended essay is the summarization of the certain points at issue and the facilitation of an easier orientation in a social situation after the amputation of an extremity.