The Halloween ritual, trick-or-treat, has compelled suburban residents in Atlanta, Georgia to parade throughout the shared public spaces of their communities’ streets for nearly a century. In recent years, however, privatized children’s rituals beyond the realm of the neighborhood seemingly compete for trick-or-treat’s participants: trunk-or-treats in church parking lots now rise in popularity. I parse the impetuses behind the construction of these innovative ritual spaces using in-depth interviews and participant observations alongside the Christian churches who host them and the parents and guardians who participate in them. Cursorily appearing solely as privatized defangings of otherwise venomous and pagan-aligned public rites, trunk-or-treats embody social action in other ways: by actualizing and expanding faith communities’ networks of social capital, they not only afford churches the means to surmount various challenges they face in the New South, but also provide safe and attractive options for security-conscious parents and guardians in contemporary suburban Atlanta.

Background. The paper describes prevalence, impairments, patterns of co-morbidity and other correlates of DSM-IV social phobia in adolescents and young adults, separating generalized and non-generalized social phobics. Methods. Data are derived from the baseline investigation of the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study (EDSP), a prospective longitudinal community study of 3021 subjects, aged 14–24. Diagnoses were based on the DSM-IV algorithms of an expanded version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results. Lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV/CIDI social phobia was 9·5% in females and 4·9% in males, with about one-third being classified as generalized social phobics. Twelve-month prevalence was only slightly lower, indicating considerable persistence. Respondents with generalized social phobia reported an earlier age of onset, higher symptom persistence, more co-morbidity, more severe impairments, higher treatment rates and indicated more frequently a parental history of mental disorders than respondents with non-generalized social phobia. Conclusions. History of DSM-IV social phobia was found to be quite prevalent in 14–24 year-olds. The generalized subtype of social phobia was found to have different correlates and to be considerably more persistent, impairing and co-morbid than non-generalized social phobia. Although generalized social phobics are more likely than non-generalized social phobics to receive mental health treatments, the treatment rate in this sample was low despite the fact that mental health services are free in Germany.

This study investigates the politics of public space and social fear that work to create new scenarios for social and racial segregation in the processes of gentrification, such as privatization, fortification, and symbolism in public art in a major southern metropolitan city. The Public Art Program of Atlanta, Georgia is implementing public art projects at various sites, chosen based on being in depressed neighborhoods in the hope that it will bring new life to blighted urban areas and change the current use of space. Through an applied anthropological and multi-perspective approach, this study explores how middle and upper class residents currently regard their in-town neighborhood, surrounded by historic black universities and neighborhoods, public housing, and having a highly visible homeless population. Fortification, privatization, and residents’ response to the public art project speak profoundly to the processes of gentrification that are occurring there.

<p>The present thesis investigated the relationship between rapid facial muscle reactions and emotionally relevant stimuli. In Study I, it was demonstrated that angry faces elicit increased <i>Corrugator supercilii</i> activity, whereas happy faces elicit increased <i>Zygomaticus major</i> activity, as early as within the first second after stimulus onset. In Study II, during the first second of exposure, pictures of snakes elicited more corrugator activity than pictures of flowers. However, this effect was apparent only for female participants. Study III showed that participants high as opposed to low in fear of snakes respond with increased corrugator activity, as well as increased autonomic activity, when exposed to pictures of snakes. In Study IV, participants high as opposed to low in speech anxiety responded with a larger difference in corrugator responding between angry and happy faces, and also with a larger difference in zygomatic responding between happy and angry faces, indicating that people high in speech anxiety have an exaggerated facial responsiveness to social stimuli. In summary, the present results show that the facial EMG technique is sensitive to detecting rapid emotional reactions to different emotionally relevant stimuli (human faces and snakes). Additionally, they demonstrate the existence of differences in rapid facial reactions among groups for which the emotional relevance of the stimuli can be considered to differ.</p>

The present thesis investigated the relationship between rapid facial muscle reactions and emotionally relevant stimuli. In Study I, it was demonstrated that angry faces elicit increased Corrugator supercilii activity, whereas happy faces elicit increased Zygomaticus major activity, as early as within the first second after stimulus onset. In Study II, during the first second of exposure, pictures of snakes elicited more corrugator activity than pictures of flowers. However, this effect was apparent only for female participants. Study III showed that participants high as opposed to low in fear of snakes respond with increased corrugator activity, as well as increased autonomic activity, when exposed to pictures of snakes. In Study IV, participants high as opposed to low in speech anxiety responded with a larger difference in corrugator responding between angry and happy faces, and also with a larger difference in zygomatic responding between happy and angry faces, indicating that people high in speech anxiety have an exaggerated facial responsiveness to social stimuli. In summary, the present results show that the facial EMG technique is sensitive to detecting rapid emotional reactions to different emotionally relevant stimuli (human faces and snakes). Additionally, they demonstrate the existence of differences in rapid facial reactions among groups for which the emotional relevance of the stimuli can be considered to differ.

This research aims at studying the social representations concerning urban violence among five different neighborhoods in Maceio, focusing on the effects felt on the one hand by the upper-class citizens and on the other hand by those who live in suburban areas. As we observe the impact of the topic in our contemporary society, it brings about a discussion above the outcomes of a violent sociability within social interactions, which have been demanding new ways of sharing the urban area. The “Emotions Sociology” has been adopted in order to analyze expressions of both social insecurity and fear, taking violence as an emergent social phenomena, as well as “Ethnomethodology”, and “The Theory of Social representations” which supports the common sense understanding as a part of group construction. During the research, 10 interviews took place and also 184 surveys have been applied in the up mentioned neighborhoods chosen in this investigation. The research results indicate that such sensations of fear and insecurity have led to a new way of organizing individual and group life, therefore, transforming society values. / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo apreender as representações sociais de violência urbana entre moradores de cinco bairros da cidade de Maceió, enfatizando os efeitos sofridos por moradores da área nobre da cidade, de um lado, e moradores de bairros periféricos, de outro. Diante das repercussões que o tema tem provocado na sociedade contemporânea, este trabalho provoca uma reflexão acerca dos efeitos produzidos por uma sociabilidade violenta nas interações sociais, que exigem a elaboração de novas formas de compartilhar o espaço urbano. A Sociologia das Emoções foi adotada na análise das expressões de insegurança e medo social, contextualizando a violência enquanto um fenômeno eminentemente social, ao tempo em que O Interacionismo Simbólico, a Etnometodologia e a Teoria das Representações Sociais deram suporte para a compreensão do senso comum enquanto conhecimento construído coletivamente. Durante a pesquisa, 10 entrevistas foram realizadas e 184 questionários foram aplicados nos cinco bairros eleitos para a investigação. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a sensação de insegurança e de medo tem provocado uma nova organização das vidas individuais e coletivas, transformando as relações e os valores societários dos maceioenses.

Background. The paper describes prevalence, impairments, patterns of co-morbidity and other correlates of DSM-IV social phobia in adolescents and young adults, separating generalized and non-generalized social phobics. Methods. Data are derived from the baseline investigation of the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study (EDSP), a prospective longitudinal community study of 3021 subjects, aged 14–24. Diagnoses were based on the DSM-IV algorithms of an expanded version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results. Lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV/CIDI social phobia was 9·5% in females and 4·9% in males, with about one-third being classified as generalized social phobics. Twelve-month prevalence was only slightly lower, indicating considerable persistence. Respondents with generalized social phobia reported an earlier age of onset, higher symptom persistence, more co-morbidity, more severe impairments, higher treatment rates and indicated more frequently a parental history of mental disorders than respondents with non-generalized social phobia. Conclusions. History of DSM-IV social phobia was found to be quite prevalent in 14–24 year-olds. The generalized subtype of social phobia was found to have different correlates and to be considerably more persistent, impairing and co-morbid than non-generalized social phobia. Although generalized social phobics are more likely than non-generalized social phobics to receive mental health treatments, the treatment rate in this sample was low despite the fact that mental health services are free in Germany.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aslan Rodrigues do Nascimento Bogado.pdf: 1835890 bytes, checksum: a01c5d271422ebd9a3fe0230f7147e88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The main purpose of this study is to analyze and discuss how crime TV News programs reproduce a naturalized and one-dimensional perspective of violence. This occurs through an organizational scheme that allows crime TV News programs, such as Brasil Urgente, to instill into the social ideal a false feeling of generalized insecurity, since they intensely exploit the details of heinous crimes that take place in the city of São Paulo and other states of Brazil. In this sense, these programs create the image of evil and social enemy, which is usually attributed to the poor, the black and the outskirts residents (the most precarious part of the working class), who are subject to a hidden process of genocide and mass incarceration. We investigated the process of the evolution of the means of comunication and approached their contradictions, especially their ideological participation in social control. We analyzed Brasil Urgente program in an attempt to demystify some features that put crime TV News programs in a state of ideological mechanisms that lead individuals to conform to them and legitimate the policialization and judicialization of life / O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar o modo como os telejornais policialescos reproduzem uma perspectiva naturalizada e unidimensional da violência. Esta transmissão se dá através de um esquema organizacional que permite a programas, como o Brasil Urgente, incutir no ideário social uma falsa sensação de insegurança generalizada, pois, exploram intensamente os detalhes de crimes hediondos que acontecem na cidade de São Paulo e em outros Estados do Brasil. Neste sentido, estes programas criam a imagem do mal e do inimigo social que geralmente é atribuída aos pobres, negros e moradores da periferia (a parcela mais precarizada da classe trabalhadora) que estão submetidos a um processo velado de genocídio e encarceramento em massa. Investigamos o processo de evolução dos meios de comunicação e abordamos as suas contradições, principalmente a sua participação ideológica no controle da massa. Analisamos o programa Brasil Urgente na tentativa de desmistificar algumas caraterísticas que colocam os telejornais policialescos numa condição de mecanismos ideológicos que conformam os indivíduos e legitimam a policialização e judicialização da vida

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and, more generally, social fears are common in young people. Although avoidance behaviors are known to be an important maintaining factor of social anxiety, little is known about the severity and occurrence of avoidance behaviors in young people from the general population, hampering approaches for early identification and intervention. Symptoms, syndromes, and diagnoses of DSM-5 mental disorders including SAD were assessed in a random population-based sample of 14-21-year-olds (n = 1,180) from Dresden, Germany, in 2015/2016 using a standardized diagnostic interview (DIA-X-5/D-CIDI). An adapted version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale was used to ascertain the extent of social fears and avoidance. Diagnostic criteria for lifetime SAD were met by n = 82 participants, resulting in a weighted lifetime prevalence of 6.6%. Social anxiety was predominantly reported for test situations and when speaking or performing in front of others. Avoidance was most prevalent in the latter situations. On average, anxiety and avoidance first occurred at ages 11 and 12, respectively, with avoidance occurring in most cases either at about the same age as anxiety or slightly later. In the total sample, lifetime prevalence for most DSM-5 disorders increased with the severity of social anxiety and avoidance. Results underline the need for preventive or early intervention efforts especially regarding test anxiety and fear and avoidance of speaking in front of others. These situations are particularly relevant in youth. Avoidance behaviors may also be discussed as diagnostic marker for early case identification.