1 MOTIVATION Das Web erfreut sich weiterhin ungebrochener Beliebtheit. Im Laufe der Zeit hat sich das Netz jedoch sehr stark weiterentwickelt. Aus einem anfangs unidirektionalen Informationsmedium bestehend aus statischen Dokumenten wurde unter dem Schlagwort ,,Social Web” ein interaktives Kommunikationsmedium. Schon vor dem Social Web entwickelte sich das Web außerdem zu einem Medium zur Abwicklung geschäftlicher Transaktionen und bildet heute die wichtigste Plattform für den E-Commerce. Für den Online-Handel bietet das Social Web eine einfache Möglichkeit mit den Konsumenten direkt in Kontakt zu treten und eine bi-direktionale Beziehungsstruktur mit dem Kunden aufzubauen. Richter et al. [2007] sehen dies als eine logische Weiterentwicklung im E-Commerce. In der Praxis gibt es jedoch auch seitens der Unternehmen häufig Überlegungen, dass das Anbieten von öffentlich einsehbaren Kommunikationsmechanismen auch die Verbreitung negativer Meinungen fördert und so den Geschäftserfolg schmälert. Ein weiteres Hindernis sind auch häufig bestehende Unklarheiten über die Erfolgsmessung von Social Web-Projekten. Dementsprechend gibt es sowohl Web Shops, die viele interaktive Elemente bereitstellen, als auch solche, die darauf verzichten. Im Rahmen der hier vorgestellten Arbeit soll die Frage nach der aktuellen Verbreitung von interaktiven Elementen in deutschen Online-Shops beantwortet werden.

The rapid growth of the World Wide Web in the last decade makes it the largest publicly accessible data source in the world, which has become one of the most significant and influential information revolution of modern times. The influence of the Web has impacted almost every aspect of humans' life, activities and fields, causing paradigm shifts and transformational changes in business, governance, and education. Moreover, the rapid evolution of Web 2.0 and the Social Web in the past few years, such as social blogs and friendship networking sites, has dramatically transformed the Web from a raw environment for information consumption to a dynamic and rich platform for information production and sharing worldwide. However, this growth and transformation of the Web has resulted in an uncontrollable explosion and abundance of the textual contents, creating a serious challenge for any user to find and retrieve the relevant information that he truly seeks to find on the Web. The process of finding a relevant Web page in a website easily and efficiently has become very difficult to achieve. This has created many challenges for researchers to develop new mining techniques in order to improve the user experience on the Web, as well as for organizations to understand the true informational interests and needs of their customers in order to improve their targeted services accordingly by providing the products, services and information that truly match the requirements of every online customer. With these challenges in mind, Web mining aims to extract hidden patterns and discover useful knowledge from Web page contents, Web hyperlinks, and Web usage logs. Based on the primary kinds of Web data used in the mining process, Web mining tasks can be categorized into three main types: Web content mining, which extracts knowledge from Web page contents using text mining techniques, Web structure mining, which extracts patterns from the hyperlinks that represent the structure of the website, and Web usage mining, which mines user's Web navigational patterns from Web server logs that record the Web page access made by every user, representing the interactional activities between the users and the Web pages in a website. The main goal of this thesis is to contribute toward addressing the challenges that have been resulted from the information explosion and overload on the Web, by proposing and developing novel Web mining-based approaches. Toward achieving this goal, the thesis presents, analyzes, and evaluates three major contributions. First, the development of an integrated Web structure and usage mining approach that recommends a collection of hyperlinks for the surfers of a website to be placed at the homepage of that website. Second, the development of an integrated Web content and usage mining approach to improve the understanding of the user's Web behavior and discover the user group interests in a website. Third, the development of a supervised classification model based on recent Social Web concepts, such as Tag Clouds, in order to improve the retrieval of relevant articles and posts from Web social blogs.

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de travaux relatifs au Web Social Sémantique, dans la perspective de la complémentarité et de la coévolution de deux aspects du Web, l’aspect social et sémantique. Le développement du Web au cours de ces dernières années a fait émerger un énorme graphe de données structurées, sémantiques résultant en partie de l’activité des utilisateurs, le LOD. Nous nous intéressons à l’utilisation de ce graphe afin de faciliter l’accès à l’information présente sur le Web, et ce de manière utile, informative et enrichissante pour l’utilisateur. Cette problématique est notamment étudiée dans les scénarios de l’innovation sur le Web – pratiques visant à utiliser des technologies du Web pour contribuer à l’émergence de l’innovation. Une spécificité de ce contexte, assez peu abordé dans la littérature existante, est sans doute le besoin d’inciter les découvertes inattendues et fortuites. Au delà de la simple pertinence sollicitée dans toute situation de recherche et de recommandation sur le Web, le contexte d’innovation impose une certaine ouverture d’esprit pour permettre à l’utilisateur d’accéder aux informations inattendues mais néanmoins pertinentes, et permet par la même occasion de s’inspirer et de transposer des idées d’un domaine à l’autre. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse ont donc pour objectif d’aider, de manière directe ou indirecte, les acteurs de l’innovation en ligne (e.g., les entreprises qui cherchent à innover, les experts et les porteurs d’idées) de faire des découvertes. Cet objectif ce décline particulièrement par les travaux de construction d’un système de recherche d’experts, un système de recommandation de mots-clés pertinents pour un problème et un système de recommandation de collaborateurs pour aider à un expert d’affronter des problèmes pluridisciplinaires. / This thesis builds upon the work on the Social Semantic Web, a research perspective on the complementarity and coevolution of two aspects of the Web, the social and semantic one. Web development in recent years has given rise to a huge graph of semantically structured data, partly resulting from user activity. We are particularly interested in the use of this graph in order to facilitate access to information found on the Web, in a useful, informative manner. This problem is particularly studied in scenarios related to innovation on the Web - practices to use Web technologies to contribute to the emergence of innovation. A notable specificity of this context, so far little discussed in literature, is the need to encourage serendipity and discovery. Beyond the simple relevance sought in any search and recommendation situation on the Web, the context of innovation requires a certain openness to allow the user to access information relevant yet unexpected, and should also open opportunities to learn and translate ideas from one domain to another.The work presented in this thesis therefore aims to assist, directly or indirectly, the innovators online (eg, companies seeking to innovate, experts and carriers of ideas) to make discoveries. We address each of these challenges in different parts of the thesis. This vision is principally implemented through the construction of an expert search system, Hy.SemEx, a system for keyword recommendation allowing to discover unknown relevant keywords, HyProximity, and an approach for recommending collaborators to experts in order to help them face multidisciplinary problems.

La thèse analyse les mobilités internationales étudiantes marocaines en France au regard de la configuration de leurs réseaux sociaux et de leur inscription territoriale. Le questionnement porte sur l’espace en mouvement ou plutôt les formes spatiales engendrées par des réseaux aux formes variées s’appuyant sur des lieux connectés. La thèse apporte un éclairage sur un type particulier de migration qualifiante, parce qu’éphémère, et insiste sur une appropriation des lieux basée sur le relationnel et la présence plurielle entre l’ici et le là-bas. La démarche combine méthodes quantitatives (analyse de données statistiques) et qualitatives (corpus d’entretien, observations) auquel s’ajoutent des techniques innovantes d’analyse des réseaux du web social (notamment par la mobilisation de graphes de réseaux Facebook). L’analyse des trajectoires de mobilité, des réseaux relationnels et des sociabilités, mais aussi des pratiques du quotidien des acteurs migrants, mettent à jour une territorialisation mobile et réticulaire qui permet de définir un territoire relationnel construit par les relations à partir des réseaux. Le territoire révèle ainsi des propriétés relationnelles, éphémères et dynamiques. Le web social est intégré comme un élément fondamental de cette territorialisation mobilitaire et réticulaire par la mise en relation des lieux et l’opérationnalité de la présence plurielle. En parallèle, les pratiques du web social dessinent un territoire des possibles permettant de réinterroger l’imaginaire migratoire. / This thesis analyzes the social networks and spatial mobility of Moroccan students in France. The main focus is on the socio-spatial practices and patterns generated by the students’ networks, and on the various spatialities and connected places they produce. The thesis provides insights into a particular type of short-term migration, and outlines how this form of migration leads to the appropriation of places and a relational, multi-nodal presence that situates students in a continuum between here (France) and there (Morocco). The research approach combines quantitative methods (statistical analysis) and qualitative methods (interviews, participant-observation) and introduces innovative techniques for analyzing online social networks (including the use of graphs to visualize Facebook networks). Analysis of mobility trajectories, relational networks and sociability, along with the daily practices of migrant actors, reveals a flexible spatial usage whichallows for the delineation of relational spaces, and leads to an understanding of the interconnections formed through online social networks. Moroccan students’ spatial patterns thus have relational, temporary and dynamic properties. The social web is an integral element of students’ mobility and multi-nodal spatial usage, and by linking a diversity of places and practices leads to a form of ‘plural presence’. At the same time, the online social networking practices of Moroccan students in France allows for a re-examination of the possible spatial imaginations (or, imaginaries) of migration.

<p>Recent development of the internet encompasses elements such as social networks, blogs and wikis. With the help of these elements, popularly gathered under the umbrella term web 2.0, the pirates supporting file sharing have made the file sharing debate a national concern in Sweden.</p><p>This thesis studies the pirates’ and anti-pirates’ use of PR by qualitative case studies of organizations representing the two different sides in the debate. The use of PR by the different organizations is compared, the differences and similarities are considered and characteristics of the new PR are brought to attention.</p><p>The study finds that PR is taking a new direction and that these new ways to use PR are important to achieve success in influencing opinion. The two sides use PR in very different ways where the anti-pirates use more traditional ways of PR while the pirates make use of new PR methods virtually exclusively.</p>

Recent development of the internet encompasses elements such as social networks, blogs and wikis. With the help of these elements, popularly gathered under the umbrella term web 2.0, the pirates supporting file sharing have made the file sharing debate a national concern in Sweden. This thesis studies the pirates’ and anti-pirates’ use of PR by qualitative case studies of organizations representing the two different sides in the debate. The use of PR by the different organizations is compared, the differences and similarities are considered and characteristics of the new PR are brought to attention. The study finds that PR is taking a new direction and that these new ways to use PR are important to achieve success in influencing opinion. The two sides use PR in very different ways where the anti-pirates use more traditional ways of PR while the pirates make use of new PR methods virtually exclusively.

Web 2.0 is envisioned as an open garden for services and it puts people into the centre of the vision. The success of the user generated content raises the new idea of enabling end-users to create their own services. The first contribution of the thesis is to provide a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art development in this area. We give the specific description of UGS, and then go through different technologies to analyze their challenges. Our second contribution lies in designing and implementing a simple mashup platform which provides the greater motivation for mashups usage. We present a consumer mashup framework based on daily activities, by relating every-day calendar events to useful gadgets. The system, named EBSP, was evaluated by 131 end-users to test for its usability. Also, as a representative example, the system is used in a proposed user-acceptance model for consumer mashups. Our third contribution focuses on the problem of using social annotation to support web widget discovery. An enhanced web gadget discovery model is proposed based on social tagging. Using the online service Widgetbox.com, we demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of our proposed model. Fourthly, we designed a novel system for activity-oriented online social networking named Dig-Event. Dig-Event provides an open, social space for users to share events and discover the activities of mutual interests among social contacts. It allows users to share their activities, to customize their social circles, to conduct events, and to socialize around them. The features of event recommendation and integration with existing social networks further boost the event socializing experience

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:06:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6770.pdf: 4215500 bytes, checksum: 31340bf5dc86076ef8911622315ba83c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The high rate of growth and variety of information available on the Internet can overwhelm users, not leading them to the best decisions. In this context, social recommender systems play an important role on helping users against the effects of information overload. However, these systems need for data collection from its users social context motivates privacy concerns and may discourage its use. Thus, this dissertation presents a privacy negotiation model for social recommender systems to enable user to control his own privacy from the perspective of computer science. So, the user can decide to provide access to their data considering the personalization benefits that the system can offer him in exchange and is not forced to fully accept the privacy policies though. In this model, the privacy control is possible by means of a user interface design pattern using privacy negotiation techniques. The SocialRecSys social recommender system is an implementation of this model that was used in an evaluation with 32 users. The results showed that users are not satisfied with traditional interfaces and the model can better deal with the potentially different privacy preferences of each user. The results also indicated the high usability of the user interfaces of this model, which increase the flexibility of the systems regarding the configuration options of privacy preferences without harm the usage easiness of it. The implementation of this model shows that this is an alternative to reduce the concerns of privacy of social recommender systems users by increasing the flexibility and providing them a better understanding of the recommender systems. So users can feel encouraged to share their data in social recommender systems and take advantage of its personalization benefits. / A alta taxa de crescimento e variedade de informações disponíveis na Internet podem sobrecarregar os usuários, levando-os a não tomar as melhores decisões. Nesse contexto, os sistemas de recomendação social desempenham um importante papel ao auxiliar os usuários contra os efeitos da sobrecarga de informação. No entanto, a necessidade desses sistemas de coletar dados do contexto social dos seus usuários motiva preocupações de privacidade e pode desencorajar o seu uso. Assim, esta dissertação apresenta um modelo de negociação de privacidade para sistemas de recomendação social visando possibilitar ao usuário o controle de sua própria privacidade sob a perspectiva da ciência da computação. Desse modo o usuário pode decidir fornecer acesso aos seus dados considerando os benefícios de personalização que o sistema pode lhe oferecer em troca e ele não é obrigado a aceitar completamente as politicas de privacidade. Nesse modelo, o controle de privacidade é possível por meio de um padrão de projeto de interface de usuário que faz uso de técnicas de negociação de privacidade. O sistema de recomendação social SocialRecSys é uma implementação desse modelo e foi utilizado em uma avaliação com 32 usuários. Os resultados evidenciaram que os usuários não estão satisfeitos com as interfaces tradicionais e que o modelo apresentado pode tratar melhor as potencialmente diferentes preferências de privacidade de cada usuário. Os resultados também indicam a alta usabilidade das interfaces de usuário desse modelo. São interfaces que aumentam a flexibilidade dos sistemas em relação às opções de configuração de preferências de privacidade, sem tornar mais complexo o uso desses sistemas. A implementação do modelo proposto se mostra uma alternativa para reduzir as preocupações com privacidade dos usuários de sistemas de recomendação social, aumentando a flexibilidade e provendo aos usuários maior entendimento desses sistemas. Assim, os usuários podem se sentir encorajados a compartilhar seus dados com os sistemas de recomendação social e desfrutar de seus benefícios de personalização.

Submitted by Programa de Pós-Graduação em Mídia e Cotidiano (ppgmc@vm.uff.br) on 2017-05-02T19:05:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Tatiana Couto.pdf: 2572002 bytes, checksum: 0fd334d536afc0f539fff0ee319ec751 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-06-26T18:00:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Tatiana Couto.pdf: 2572002 bytes, checksum: 0fd334d536afc0f539fff0ee319ec751 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-26T18:00:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Tatiana Couto.pdf: 2572002 bytes, checksum: 0fd334d536afc0f539fff0ee319ec751 (MD5) / A mídia social possibilitou às pessoas a possibilidade da publicação instantânea e a troca de opiniões e comentários em rede. Algumas empresas constroem negócios virtuais nessas mídias ou delas se utilizam. O surgimento das redes e da internet trouxe consequências como: a realização de ações em “tempo real”; o surgimento e a ocupação do “ciberespaço”; o deslocamento de identidades; as representações do Eu no “mundo virtual” e a conexão entre as pessoas por meio de computador ou dispositivos móveis para realizar negócios (comércio social). Essas interações mediadas por computador afetaram o o modo de se expressar e o consumo. Foram utilizados como preceitos teóricos: a definição de sociedade e de interação social (BAKTHIN, 2006); a Comunicação Mediada por Computador (CASTELLS, 1999); a conversação em rede (RECUERO, 2012) e o consumo via validação social (ADOLPHO, 2013) para mostrar o place internet como a nova forma de exercer e promover o consumo via sociabilidade. A pesquisa tem como objetivo geral estabelecer a relação entre os elementos: comunidade, conteúdo, comércio de uma marca e o argumento da prova social como influenciadora na Comunicação Mediada por Computador (CMC) apresentando como objeto de estudo o site de viagens TripAdvisor. Observa-se que o TripAdvisor, um site de viagens, ao reunir fóruns de discussões, Facebook e sistemas abertos de avaliações de usuários sobre locais de viagem e de gastronomia, consegue atuar como uma mídia social em rede. Ao mesmo tempo, a empresa gera um o comércio eletrônico vinculado às percepções de uma mídia social / The social media has enabled people to instantly publish, exchange and express opinions. Some companies build virtual businesses inside these medias or even simply use these medias to convey their business. The arise of the web and the internet has brought consequences such as: “real time” achievements, the emerge and occupation of “cyberspace”, the identity displacement, the representation of Self in the virtual world and the connection among people through computers and mobile gadgets in order to make business (social business). These interactions, mediated by computers, affect the behavior by which people express themselves and consume. It has been used as theoretical precepts the definition of society and social interaction (BAKTHIN, 2006); the Communication Mediated by Computers (CASTELLS, 1999); the conversations in the web (RECUERO, 2012) and the consumption via social validation (ADOLPHO, 2013), all of these to show the internet place as the new way to promote and excel the consumption through sociability. It is noted that TripAdvisor, a travelling site, in gathering discussion forums, Facebook and open users’ evaluation systems about trip places and gastronomy, was able to act as a social media in the web. At the same time, the company could generate an electronic commerce linked to a social media perception

Les discours normés que produisent les institutions sont concurrencés par les discours informels ou faiblement formalisés issus du web social. La démocratisation de la prise de parole redistribue l’autorité en matière de connaissance et modifie les processus de construction des savoirs. Ces discours spontanés sont accessibles par tous et dans des volumes exponentiels, ce qui offre aux sciences humaines et sociales de nouvelles possibilités d’exploration. Pourtant elles manquent encore de méthodologies pour appréhender ces données complexes et encore peu décrites. L’objectif de la thèse est de montrer dans quelle mesure les discours du web social peuvent compléter les discours institutionnels. Nous y développons une méthodologie de collecte et d’analyse adaptée aux spécificités des discours natifs du numérique (massivité, anonymat, volatilité, caractéristiques structurelles, etc.). Nous portons notre attention sur les forums de discussion comme environnements d’élaboration de ces discours et appliquons la méthodologie développée à une problématique sociale définie : celle de l’épidémie du VIH/SIDA au Viêt Nam. Ce terrain applicatif recouvre plusieurs enjeux de société : sanitaire et social, évolutions des moeurs, concurrence des discours. L’étude est complétée par l’analyse d’un corpus comparable de langue française, relevant des mêmes thématique, genre et discours que le corpus vietnamien, de manière à mettre en évidence les spécificités de contextes socioculturels distincts. / The standard discourse produced by official organisations is confronted with the unofficial or informal discourse of the social web. Empowering people to express themselves results in a new balance of authority, when it comes to knowledge and changes the way people learn. Social web discourse is available to each and everyone and its size is growing fast, which opens up new fields for both humanities and social sciences to investigate. The latter, however, are not equipped to engage with such complex and little-analysed data. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate how far social web discourse can help supplement official discourse. In it we set out a method to collect and analyse data that is in line with the characteristics of a digital environment, namely data size, anonymity, transience, structure. We focus on forums, where such discourse is built, and test our method on a specific social issue, ie the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Vietnam. This field of investigation encompasses several related questions that have to do with health, society, the evolution of morals, the mismatch between different kinds of discourse. Our study is also grounded in the analysis of a comparable French corpus dealing with the same topic, whose genre and discourse characteristics are equivalent to those of the Vietnamese one: this two-pronged research highlights the specific features of different socio-cultural environments.