1 MOTIVATION Das Web erfreut sich weiterhin ungebrochener Beliebtheit. Im Laufe der Zeit hat sich das Netz jedoch sehr stark weiterentwickelt. Aus einem anfangs unidirektionalen Informationsmedium bestehend aus statischen Dokumenten wurde unter dem Schlagwort ,,Social Web” ein interaktives Kommunikationsmedium. Schon vor dem Social Web entwickelte sich das Web außerdem zu einem Medium zur Abwicklung geschäftlicher Transaktionen und bildet heute die wichtigste Plattform für den E-Commerce. Für den Online-Handel bietet das Social Web eine einfache Möglichkeit mit den Konsumenten direkt in Kontakt zu treten und eine bi-direktionale Beziehungsstruktur mit dem Kunden aufzubauen. Richter et al. [2007] sehen dies als eine logische Weiterentwicklung im E-Commerce. In der Praxis gibt es jedoch auch seitens der Unternehmen häufig Überlegungen, dass das Anbieten von öffentlich einsehbaren Kommunikationsmechanismen auch die Verbreitung negativer Meinungen fördert und so den Geschäftserfolg schmälert. Ein weiteres Hindernis sind auch häufig bestehende Unklarheiten über die Erfolgsmessung von Social Web-Projekten. Dementsprechend gibt es sowohl Web Shops, die viele interaktive Elemente bereitstellen, als auch solche, die darauf verzichten. Im Rahmen der hier vorgestellten Arbeit soll die Frage nach der aktuellen Verbreitung von interaktiven Elementen in deutschen Online-Shops beantwortet werden.

Submitted by Valdinei Souza (neisouza@hotmail.com) on 2016-12-19T22:03:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Nivea Camara Rocha de Souza - DISSERTACAO.pdf: 4319679 bytes, checksum: f28f82c8e0d2a87cf211a4ae049d6430 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Urania Araujo (urania@ufba.br) on 2017-01-13T21:00:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Nivea Camara Rocha de Souza - DISSERTACAO.pdf: 4319679 bytes, checksum: f28f82c8e0d2a87cf211a4ae049d6430 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-13T21:00:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nivea Camara Rocha de Souza - DISSERTACAO.pdf: 4319679 bytes, checksum: f28f82c8e0d2a87cf211a4ae049d6430 (MD5) / Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar a importância da utilização das ferramentas da Web 2.0 pelas bibliotecas universitárias públicas da cidade de Salvador para divulgação de seus serviços, acervo e atividades, com vistas a potencializar a comunicação com os usuários,promover o acesso a informação e atrair novos visitantes. A Web 2.0, também conhecida como Web Social, viabiliza várias interfaces digitais que podem ser utilizadas pelas bibliotecas como forma de mediação e interação com os usuários, além de propiciar o marketing digital. Em relação ao objetivo a pesquisa se caracteriza como descritiva, com uma abordagem de natureza qualitativa, que se deu a partir do método de levantamento bibliográfico, pesquisa documental associado ao método de casos múltiplos. Para a obtenção das informações optou-se pela adoção da técnica de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Após a análise dos dados os resultados foram confrontados com o referencial teórico, na perspectiva de investigar a importância utilização das ferramentas de Web 2.0 para promover o acesso à informação propiciado através do marketing digital nas bibliotecas universitárias públicas de Salvador. Os resultados demonstraram que todas as bibliotecas universitárias públicas de Salvador adotam ao menos uma ferramenta de Web 2.0 para promover o acesso a informação e divulgar seus serviços. De acordo com os entrevistados a utilização dessas ferramentas de Web 2.0 traz diversos benefícios, possibilita uma maior interação com os usuários e um marketing digital para a biblioteca. / ABSTRACT This research intended to analyze the importance of using Web 2.0 tools by public university libraries in the city of Salvador advertise their services, collections and activities, in order to enhance communication with users, promote access to information and attract new visitors. The Web 2.0, also known as Social Web, enables multiple digital interfaces that can be used by libraries as form of mediation and interaction with users, as well as providing digital marketing. Regarding the objective of the research is characterized as descriptive, with a qualitative approach, which occurred from the literature method, documentary research associated with the method of multiple cases. To obtain the information it was decided to adopt the technique of semi-structured interviews. After analyzing the data the results were compared with the theoretical framework with a view to investigate the importance of the use of Web 2.0 tools to promote access to information afforded by digital marketing in public university libraries in Salvador. The results showed that all public university libraries in Salvador adopt at least one Web 2.0 tool to promote access to information and promote their services. According to respondents the use of these Web 2.0 tools brings many benefits, enables greater interaction with users and digital marketing for the library.

Frente à expansão dos ambientes digitais que seguem os princípios da web 2.0, percebe-se uma crescente abertura na participação dos usuários, vista a partir dos canais de interação social, produção e gestão compartilhada dos conteúdos digitais. A proposta dessa pesquisa é pensar como esse cenário de participação está moldando e fortalecendo uma estrutura social a web social capaz de atuar ativamente não só na produção dos conteúdos digitais, mas também na forma de apresentação desses conteúdos. Pautada nu-ma reflexão teórica e num levantamento empírico, essa pesquisa procura trazer luzes à re-lação que se estabelece entre as práticas de projeto e as práticas de uso na web, a partir da observação da emergência de uma nova estrutura de produção a criação colaborativa baseada na ação complementar entre designer e usuário para a definição da dimensão vi-sual dos ambientes digitais. / Ahead of the digital environments expansion which follows the principles of the web 2.0, one can notice a growing opening on the users participation that can be seen from the social interaction channels, production and shared management of the digital content. The proposal of this research is to reflect on how this scenario of participation is forging and strengthening a social structure the social web capable of actively acting not only in the production of digital content, but also in the form of this content presentation. Lined on a theoretical reflection and on an empiric survey, this research intends to bring lights to the relation that is established between practices of design and practices of use, from the obser-vation of an new emerging production structure the collaborative creation based on the additional action between the designer and the user to the definition of the digital environ-ments visual dimension.

Frente à expansão dos ambientes digitais que seguem os princípios da web 2.0, percebe-se uma crescente abertura na participação dos usuários, vista a partir dos canais de interação social, produção e gestão compartilhada dos conteúdos digitais. A proposta dessa pesquisa é pensar como esse cenário de participação está moldando e fortalecendo uma estrutura social a web social capaz de atuar ativamente não só na produção dos conteúdos digitais, mas também na forma de apresentação desses conteúdos. Pautada nu-ma reflexão teórica e num levantamento empírico, essa pesquisa procura trazer luzes à re-lação que se estabelece entre as práticas de projeto e as práticas de uso na web, a partir da observação da emergência de uma nova estrutura de produção a criação colaborativa baseada na ação complementar entre designer e usuário para a definição da dimensão vi-sual dos ambientes digitais. / Ahead of the digital environments expansion which follows the principles of the web 2.0, one can notice a growing opening on the users participation that can be seen from the social interaction channels, production and shared management of the digital content. The proposal of this research is to reflect on how this scenario of participation is forging and strengthening a social structure the social web capable of actively acting not only in the production of digital content, but also in the form of this content presentation. Lined on a theoretical reflection and on an empiric survey, this research intends to bring lights to the relation that is established between practices of design and practices of use, from the obser-vation of an new emerging production structure the collaborative creation based on the additional action between the designer and the user to the definition of the digital environ-ments visual dimension.

Submitted by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-01-26T13:03:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_Mest_PPGCI-UFF_IaraVidal.pdf: 1139977 bytes, checksum: c060d1dc8e124903f244f016f7b0fa45 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Geisa Drumond (gmdrumond@vm.uff.br) on 2017-01-27T15:05:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_Mest_PPGCI-UFF_IaraVidal.pdf: 1139977 bytes, checksum: c060d1dc8e124903f244f016f7b0fa45 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-27T15:05:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_Mest_PPGCI-UFF_IaraVidal.pdf: 1139977 bytes, checksum: c060d1dc8e124903f244f016f7b0fa45 (MD5) / A proposta deste trabalho é traçar o estado da arte da altmetria, definida como o estudo, a criação e a utilização de indicadores relacionados à interação de usuários com produtos de pesquisa diversos no âmbito da Web Social – visualizações, downloads, citações, reutilizações, compartilhamentos, etiquetagens, comentários, entre outros. Para entender o contexto de surgimento da altmetria, exploramos as especificidades e potencialidades da Web Social e as características da comunicação científica. Além de constituir mais um passo na evolução dos estudos métricos da informação, a altmetria se apresenta também como reação à crise do atual modelo de publicação e avaliação na Ciência. A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória em fontes nacionais e internacionais, levantamos a produção científica sobre altmetria, identificando atores envolvidos na produção de conhecimento na área, seus conceitos, as propostas e tendências dos estudos sobre o tema; fundamentando a reflexão sobre o desenvolvimento da área e a aceitação das métricas alternativas como ferramentas da avaliação científica. Constatamos que a altmetria é uma área de estudos em expansão, cujos métodos complementam os estudos métricos tradicionais contribuindo para o entendimento mais completo da comunicação científica, seus atores, seus processos, seus produtos e seus impactos. / Describes the state of the art of altmetrics, defined as the study, creation and use of measures related to user interaction with diverse research products through the Social Web – views, downloads, citations, reuse, sharing, tagging, comments, among others. To understand the context where altmetrics arises, we explore the Social Web’s specificities and potentials, and the characteristics of scientific communication. Besides being another step on the evolution of metric studies of information, altmetrics also presents itself as a reaction to the crisis in the current model of scientific publication and evaluation. Through an exploratory search in national and international sources we were able to identify the scientific literature about altmetrics, analysing the authors involved, its concepts, the proposals and trends around the theme, basing our reflection about the development of altmetrics and the acceptance of alternative metrics as tools for scientific evaluation. We note that altmetrics is an expanding area, and its methods complement traditional metrics contributing to a more complete understanding of scientific communication, its actors, processes, products and impacts.

Litteraturen innehåller tre olika områden över hur företag enligt teorin bör agera i de socialamedierna. De tre områden som litteraturen resulterade i var den sociala webben, kommunikationoch marknadsföring. Syftet med undersökningen har varit att utreda på vilket sätt de teoretisktfastslagna områdena relaterar till användarnas upplevelse av områdena. Syftet utreds genom enfallstudie där Nordea har varit undersökningens studieobjekt och sociala medier representerats avFacebook. Syftet resulterade i följande huvudfrågeställning: Hur förhåller sig Nordeas Facebooksidasaktiva användare till Nordeas medverkan på Facebook? Undersökningens empiri samladesin genom en kvantitativ metod som ämnade svara på frågeställningen. Den kvantitativa metodenbestod av en webbenkät. Genom att använda en webbenkät blev svaren standardiserade ochsvaren kom från ett stort antal respondenter därmed ökade möjligheterna till att generalisera.Resultaten från undersökningen visar att det är området kommunikation som är det område sommest kvantitativt bidrar till att användarna deltar på Nordeas Facebook-sida. Det ärkommunikationen som är mediets styrka och den största anledningen för Företag att medverkapå Facebook. Användarnas upplevelse stämmer väl överens med teorierna om hur företag böragera i de sociala medierna. Undersökningens slutsats är således att empirin förstärker respectiveområdes teoretiska bakgrund. / The literature contains three primary areas on how companies should act according to the theoryof social media. The literature resulted in three areas; the social Web, communications andmarketing. The purpose of the study was to investigate how the theory of defined areas related tothe user experience of the same areas. The purpose is investigated through a case study whereNordea has been the unit of study and social media has been represented by Facebook. Thepurpose resulted in the following main research question: How does active users on Nordea’sFacebook page relate to Nordea's involvement on Facebook? Empirical data was collectedthrough a quantitative study who intended to answer the research question. The quantitativemethod consisted of a web survey. By using a web survey responses were standardized and theresponses came from a large number of respondents, thereby increasing the capacity togeneralize. The results of the survey show that the area of communication is the area that mostquantitative motivates users to participate in Nordea’s Facebook page. It is communication thatis the mediums strength and the biggest reason for companies to participate on Facebook. Theusers experience is consistent with theories of how companies should act in social media. Thestudy conclusion is that the empirical data amplifies each field’s theoretical background.

Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse concernent la modélisation des aspectssocioculturels et temporels pour permettre aux communautés sénégalaises departager et de co-construire leur connaissances socioculturelles. En effet, avecla mondialisation la nouvelle génération sénégalaise a de moins en moins deconnaissances sur son environnement socioculturel. Ainsi, nous avons initié lamise en place d'une application en ligne pour permettre à nos concitoyens departager et de co-construire leur patrimoine socioculturel.Nos propositions s'appuient sur les technologies du Web social et du Websémantique. En effet, le Web social propose un cadre à tout utilisateur pourparticiper à la création de contenu. Le Web sémantique rend accessible lesressources aux agents logiciels pour une meilleure recherche et partaged'informations. La combinaison de ces deux technologies permet auxcommunautés sénégalaises de partager et de co-construire leur patrimoineculturel dans un cadre collaboratif et sémantique.Nos contributions consistent à (i) proposer des ontologies pour annoter desressources socioculturelles et (ii) proposer un cadre collaboratif auxcommunautés sénégalaises. Les ontologies représentent le socle du Websémantique et permettent de caractériser un domaine. Ainsi, nous avonsdéfini : 1) une ontologie socioculturelle reposant sur la théorie historicoculturellede l'activité et 2) une ontologie temporelle. Nous avons égalementdéfini les communautés de co-élaboration de connaissances culturelles etproposé un prototype qui intègre les différentes contributions / Temporal aspects to allow Senegalese communities to share and to co-constructtheir sociocultural knowledge. Indeed, with the globalization it is very commonto meet Senegalese youth knowing more about the geography of the West thanits own country. Thus, to refresh the memory of our fellow citizens, we initiatedthe establishment of an online application that allows them to share and coconstructtheir cultural heritage.Our proposals are based on social and semantic web technologies. indeed,social web proposes a framework where value is created by the aggregation ofmany individual user contributions. The semantic web enables to find, tocombine and to share resources, not only between humans but also betweenmachines. The combination of these two technologies enables Senegalesecommunities to share and co-construct their cultural heritage in a collaborativeand semantic framework.Our contributions include to (i) propose ontologies to annotate socioculturalresources and (ii) provide a collaborative framework to Senegalesecommunities. Ontologies are backbone of the semantic web and allow tocharacterize a domain. Thus, we defined two ontologies : 1) a socioculturalontology based on cultural-historical activity theory and 2) a temporal ontologyto annotate temporally sociocultural resources. We also defined a virtualcommunity called cultural knowledge-building community and proposed aprototype that integrates our contributions

Cette recherche a comme objectif de profiter des avantages de la mise en œuvre du Web social avec la perspective actionnelle proposée par le Cadre Européen Commun de Références pour les langues (désormais CECR) pour amener les nouveaux arrivants en France à être des acteurs sociaux dans la société française. L’expérimentation s’est déroulée au cours de l’année universitaire 2014-2015 avec deux publics arabophones dont le niveau linguistique et la durée de séjour sont différents. Contrairement aux tâches de simulation de l’approche communicative et à celles du CECR qui sont proches de la vie réelle, les tâches de la présente étude sont ancrées dans la vie réelle. Comment inciter les apprenants arabophones résidant en France à interagir tous ensemble afin de réaliser des tâches réelles au sein de la société française virtuelle en s’appuyant sur la perspective actionnelle et sur le Web social, afin de résoudre leurs problèmes en français et d’acquérir de nouvelles compétences ? Pour éclaircir cette problématique générale, la recherche s’interroge sur la manière d’étendre la tâche pour qu’elle soit ancrée dans la vie réelle, sur la démarche de réaliser des tâches réelles, sur l’agir des participants en tant qu’acteurs sociaux, sur les compétences développées et acquises au cours l’expérience, et sur le manière d’évaluer une tâche de la vie réelle. Chaque groupe constitue une communauté de pratique en ligne. Dans chacune d’elles, il s’agit d’analyser, dans une démarche netnographique avec des captures d’écran, les co-actions, les échanges et les relations interpersonnelles entre les différents acteurs et le rôle dans les trois espaces de l’expérience : espace de discussion (Facebook), de rédaction (Google Docs) et de publication (site social visé). / Cette recherche a comme objectif de profiter des avantages de la mise en œuvre du Web social avec la perspective actionnelle proposée par le Cadre Européen Commun de Références pour les langues (désormais CECR) pour amener les nouveaux arrivants en France à être des acteurs sociaux dans la société française. L’expérimentation s’est déroulée au cours de l’année universitaire 2014-2015 avec deux publics arabophones dont le niveau linguistique et la durée de séjour sont différents. Contrairement aux tâches de simulation de l’approche communicative et à celles du CECR qui sont proches de la vie réelle, les tâches de la présente étude sont ancrées dans la vie réelle. Comment inciter les apprenants arabophones résidant en France à interagir tous ensemble afin de réaliser des tâches réelles au sein de la société française virtuelle en s’appuyant sur la perspective actionnelle et sur le Web social, afin de résoudre leurs problèmes en français et d’acquérir de nouvelles compétences ? Pour éclaircir cette problématique générale, la recherche s’interroge sur la manière d’étendre la tâche pour qu’elle soit ancrée dans la vie réelle, sur la démarche de réaliser des tâches réelles, sur l’agir des participants en tant qu’acteurs sociaux, sur les compétences développées et acquises au cours l’expérience, et sur le manière d’évaluer une tâche de la vie réelle. Chaque groupe constitue une communauté de pratique en ligne. Dans chacune d’elles, il s’agit d’analyser, dans une démarche netnographique avec des captures d’écran, les co-actions, les échanges et les relations interpersonnelles entre les différents acteurs et le rôle dans les trois espaces de l’expérience : espace de discussion (Facebook), de rédaction (Google Docs) et de publication (site social visé).

L’essor du « web 2.0 », couramment qualifié de web participatif ou social, a réactivé le vocable de la « communauté » pour désigner le regroupement spontané d’internautes autour de sujets de discussion ou de projets communs. À mesure que se développent les plateformes informatisées d’échange d’information et de contenu, au premier rang desquelles Facebook et Twitter, les annonceurs les investissent massivement de leur présence, sous forme de pages et de comptes de marque, pour tirer profit de l’expressivité des internautes au prisme de la « communauté de marque ». La gestion de ces espaces promotionnels innovants est confiée à une nouvelle catégorie de prestataires de service – les community managers – chargés de promouvoir l’offre des organisations et de répondre à la demande ininterrompue d’informations des consommateurs. C’est ce double mécanisme de la relecture marchande des collectifs en ligne et de la visée stratégique de leur administration qui est questionné ici. Le community management est traité comme un accomplissement pratique, afin de saisir la manière dont une doctrine du marketing s’inscrit dans une activité professionnelle qui se reconfigure au fil de vagues successives de rationalisation de la communication numérique de marque. Ce faisant, cette recherche souhaite contribuer à une sociologie pragmatique qui refuse de réifier le processus de « transformation numérique » de nos sociétés, pour décrire la manière dont celui-ci est performé par une pluralité d’acteurs qui œuvrent à aligner l’expressivité des consommateurs connectés sur les besoins des entreprises. / The rise of “Web 2.0”, commonly referred to as social or participatory Web, has reactivated the terminology of “community” to characterize the spontaneous gathering of individuals around joint discussion topics or projects. As the computerized information and content sharing platforms – such as Facebook and Twitter – develop, companies are heavily investing them by creating brand pages and accounts permitting them to take advantage of the expressivity of Internet users through the prism of the “brand community”. The animation of these innovative promotional spaces is entrusted to a new category of service providers – the community managers – responsible for promoting organizations and responding to the consumers’ ongoing demands for information. This thesis questions the dual mechanism of online collectives’ commercial reinterpretation and of the strategic aim of their management.Considering community management as a practical achievement, the analysis describes how a marketing doctrine is being unfolded in a professional activity that is successively reconfigured through the rationalization of digital brand communication. By doing so, this research wishes to contribute to a pragmatic sociology that refuses to reify the process of “digital transformation” of our societies by describing how the latter is performed by a plurality of actors working to adjust the expressiveness of connected consumers to the companies’ needs.

Accompanied DVD with printed record / In this dissertation, I explore music styles from Tshianzwane village in HaMakuya, in the Limpopo Province of South Africa, particularly malende, tshigombela, and children‘s songs. I consider the music styles as embedded in their extra-musical physical structure and abstractions; social rituals; frame of reference; forms of habitus; social order; cultural capital; social meanings, behaviour, power hierarchy, status, space, agency, institutions; formal-informal education and means; symbols; musical instruments; dance; religion; ancestor worship; traditional health practice; norms and values; mentorship and rites of passage. I further explore how and why music performers and other cultural patterns at Tshianzwane interpenetrate with each other and their living space through social roles; demonstration-imitation learning method; enculturation; dialectics of normative-interpretive, embodiment-hexis or cues, internalizationexternalization, surface-deep structure, conscious-unconscious level, qualitativequantitative understanding of music styles and genres and local-foreign context; means of communication; reinterpretation and redefinition of concepts. In conclusion, I consider how people and cultural patterns at Tshianzwane, through interpenetration, form progressing and changing social web; social connections; attachments; trance; state of flux in cultural patterns; synthesis of cultural patterns; embedded contexts; shared culture and resultant cultural patterns. Since cultural patterns, as a result of interpenetration, reflect each other, I point out the challenges in socio-spatial mapping of forms of habitus and cultural patterns. In my dissertation, I use John Blacking‘s work as my primary theoretical framework. Furthermore, I use Pierre Bourdieu‘s theoretical framework, and Hugh Tracey‘s and David Dargie‘s audio CDs on African tribal music to enrich my theoretical ground. I collected my field data at Tshianzwane in collaboration with Joseph Morake and Ignatia Madalane (students), Dr Susan Harrop-Allin (supervisor), Samson Netshifhefhe, Obert Ramashia, Paul Munyai and Musiwalo (informants). / M. Mus. / Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology