Text in English / The purpose of this study is to tell the story around the roles of relationships in the world of depressed women. The epistemological framework of this study is constructivism. This study involved a series of in-depth interviews with three depressed women who had young children. Hermeneutics was the method used to analyse the data. The stories of the participants were recounted through the researcher's lens in the form of themes that emerged. The specific ways each participant tried to cope, and the emerging processes from the researcher's perspective as to what she believed was helpful or unhelpful to the participants, in addition to what the participants themselves regarded as helpful, was discussed. Recurring themes evident in the stories of all three participants were elucidated in the story of the stories. The information gained could serve as guidelines to those working with depressed people from a Western and an African context. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Då marknaden för interaktiva applikationer till TV har blivit mer tillgänglig för utomstående utvecklare skapas en ny arena där nya interaktiva applikationer kan ta plats. Vid design och utveckling av digitala tjänster och produkter är det viktigt att ta hänsyn till det tänkta sammanhanget. I vår kandidatuppsats undersöker vi användarupplevelser av applikationer för TV i hemmiljö och utforskar egenskaper och uppfattningar vad gäller navigering och den sociala kontexten utifrån deltagarnas situation som kan vara viktiga att tänka på vid design av applikationer för TV. Detta gör vi med hjälp av sex användargrupper med två vuxna i varje grupp i blandad ålder och med varierande erfarenhet, genom observationer och intervjuer kring deras användning av utvalda applikationer till Apple TV. Undersökningen visar att kontexten har en avgörande roll och att intresset för applikationer och interaktiv TV främst ligger i gemensam användning medan mer individuella aktiviteter sker genom annan teknik så som datorer, smartphones och tablets. Upplevelserna av applikationer för TV visade sig påverkas av bland annat tidigare teknisk erfarenhet där även ålder inverkar. Men även om vissa moment upplevs som besvärliga var inställningen positiv, vilket betyder att det finns fler aspekter än bara användbarheten som påverkar upplevelsen. Viktiga faktorer för användarupplevelser vid design av applikationer för TV handlar bland annat om det varierande avståndet användare har till teven samt storleken på denna. / As the market for interactive applications for television has become more accessible for outside developers a new arena has been created where new interactive applications can take place. When developing digital services and products it is important to take into account the intended context. In our bachelor thesis, we examine the user experiences of applications for the TV in the home environment and explores the characteristics and perceptions regarding navigation and social context from the participants' situation that may be important to consider when designing applications for TV. We do this with the help of six user groups with two adults in each group of mixed ages and with varying experience, through observations and interviews about their use of selected applications for the Apple TV. The survey shows that the context has a crucial role and that the interest in applications and interactive TV is primarily in common use, while more individual activities are used by other technologies such as computers, smartphones and tablets. The experiences of applications for television proved to be affected by, among other things previous technical experience but also age. Even if some elements where perceived as cumbersome, users attitude was still positive, which means that there are more aspects than just usability affecting user experiences. Important factors for the user experience when designing applications for television include the varying distance users have to the TV, and the size of it.

Abstract The aim of this study was to research how pedagogues work with communication and technique within language development for children with special needs. It covers children with language disorder and language delay as well as children having a different language than Swedish as their native language. The main questions used are: What means of communication methods are the pedagogues using on their daily work with children with special needs and what methods are used in the preschool to support the children with the language development? What obstacles and possibilities do the pedagogues identify when it comes to use of technical tools and what holdbacks are identified in the preschools when it comes to use of technical tools? The identified conclusions were that the sociocultural perspective became the focus of argument throughout the study as it can be used to connect communication and language development. The method to get answers to the questions was to perform four interviews in different preschools. The preschools were located within different counties close to a major city. The aim was initially to see how preschools work with technical tools and language development with children. This purpose was revisited as several preschools do not use technical tools as portable reading devices as we initially thought. The performed interviews were influenced by the model of Bornholm and knowledge of how this model can be used in the preschool support to support the language development for the children. Keywords: communication in preschool, language development, children with special needs, first language, learning tablet and social context.

The main research question in this thesis explores why some people volunteer and give money compared to those that do not. The thesis builds on existing research that explains volunteering and giving, but is primarily concerned with showing how the social environment – or the context – in which people live can explain individual decisions to volunteer and give. This thesis answers three main research questions with this central theme in mind. First, how do the background characteristics of people explain whether they volunteer or give? Second, net of background characteristics of people, how does the social environment (context) that people live in explain volunteering and giving? Third, how do background characteristics of people and the social environment in which they live interact to explain volunteering and giving? Each of the four empirical chapters focuses on research questions that have received limited attention in the literature, while also utilizing relatively unique data, in relatively unique contexts. The main results of this study are as follows. Comparatively, the shared profile of a volunteer and charitable giver is someone who is middle aged, more educated, married, richer, healthier, and a religious service attendee. Contextual country characteristics also displayed an independent effect of these individual-level characteristics: religious diversity and belonging to a religious minority group was associated with a greater likelihood of volunteering, but are not associated with giving. Income inequality is associated with a decreased likelihood of volunteering and giving for respondents in developed countries, whereas the opposite is true for respondents in developing countries, supporting Wilkinson’s relative income hypothesis. A curvilinear relationship exists between national devoutness and volunteering, whereas a strong positive correlation exists between national devoutness and giving. Females are more likely to volunteer and give in societies that exhibit more gender equality; and the lower educated are more likely to volunteer in more educated societies, but that they are not more likely to give in these societies. There is no support for the idea that income disparities in volunteering and giving are exacerbated in more socially unequal societies. In England, there was no support for the idea that a stable residential area promotes volunteering and giving among adults, while neighbourhood deprivation and ethnic diversity were strong negative predictors of both behaviours. Among the youth demographic in England, religious diversity of schools is not associated with any form of civic engagement. Ethnic diversity is positively related to school extra curricular activities, but negatively with youth club participation. Youths attending private schools were more likely to take part in school-based extra-curriculars, but less likely to take part in out of school clubs and groups.

(in English) Aims: The aim of the diploma thesis was to monitor the eating habits of students from chosen high school which is located in Prague. These habits were taken into consideration with regards to social aspects of food and the causes of overweight and obesity. Methods: Qualitative research was used as the default method to determine the objective of the thesis. Based on literature review the survey was created. The respondents subjectively evaluated a set of questions relating to food and eating habits. Results: According to the findings, a major impact on eating habits of high school students has a family in general or household, in which students live. Cooking trend at home plays an important role, even when talking about boom in eating at restaurants and fast foods. Regardless of household income, students are used to really eat most often at home (breakfast and dinner) and at school (lunch). As for eating habits, respondents, from the vast majority, do not pay any attention to this process. And even if the results of the research showed that a large majority of students think they eat healthily, then less than half of them is not satisfied with own weight. Household income therefore has no significant effect on the eating habits in selected high school students. According to the...

Les prises de décision ainsi que l'addiction sont influencées par une combinaison de trois types de facteurs: la situation, l'objet et les différences individuelles (Appelt, Milch, Handgraaf, & Weber, 2011; Bonnaire, 2009; Einhorn, 1970; Griffiths, 2003). Chacun de ces facteurs correspond à un chapitre de cette thèse. Dans le Chapitre 1, l'influence de la situation est examinée à travers l'influence du Contexte Social. L'influence du Contexte Social est étudiée à travers la Simple Présence d'une Audience ainsi qu'avec la présence d'un Climat de Compétition. Dans le Chapitre 2, l'influence de l'objet est examinée à travers l'effet de la connaissance de l'objet : les comportements de prise de risque sont étudiés quand les participants sont confrontés à un jeu qu'ils connaissent et quand ils sont confrontés à un jeu qu'ils ne connaissent pas. Dans le Chapitre 3, l'influence de différences individuelles est examinée à travers l'effet de l'estime de soi sur la prise de risque. Deux mesures d'estime de soi sont utilisées : la première est une mesure générale d'Estime de Soi alors que la seconde est une mesure composée de deux dimensions : la dimension Valeur et la dimension Compétence. La théorie des Représentations sociales sous-tend qu'il y a une relation entre les Représentations Sociales et les comportements. Le Chapitre 4 examine la Représentation Sociale du risque dans un contexte de jeu à l'aide de deux études. La première étude est réalisée via la procédure de l'association libre et la seconde étude est composée d'entretiens auprès de joueurs sains et de joueurs pathologiques. / Decision-making, as well as addiction, are influence by a combination of three sets of factors: the situation, the object and individual differences (Appelt, Milch, Handgraaf, & Weber, 2011; Bonnaire, 2009; Einhorn, 1970; Griffiths, 2003). Each of these factors corresponds to a chapter of this thesis. In Chapter 1, the influence of the situation is investigated through the effect of Social Context. The influence of the Social Context is studied through, the Mere Presence of an Audience and through the presence of a Competitive Climate. In Chapter 2, the influence of the object is investigated through the effect of the knowledge of the object: risk-taking behavior is studied when participants are confronted to a known game and when they are confronted to an unknown game. In Chapter 3, the influence of individual differences is investigated through the effect of Self-Esteem on risk-taking behaviors. Two measures of Self-Esteem are used: the first one is a general measure of Self-Esteem while the second one is composed of two dimensions distinguishing Self-Liking and Self-Competence. The Social Representation Theory describes a relation between Social Representation and behavior. In this line, Chapter 4 investigates the Social Representation of risk in a gambling context with two studies. The first study is done via free association tasks and the second study is based on interviews with both gamblers who have gambling disorders and gamblers who do not have gambling disorder.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-08-03T12:53:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Manuela Rösing Agostin_.pdf: 6285955 bytes, checksum: 1e82fc7a5186d7fed0aef11509f41361 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-03T12:53:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manuela Rösing Agostin_.pdf: 6285955 bytes, checksum: 1e82fc7a5186d7fed0aef11509f41361 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-04 / NEIS – Núcleo de Empreendedorismo e Inovação Social da Unisinos / Em um cenário internacional caracterizado por desigualdades sociais, aumento das taxas de pobreza e dissimetriados mercados, um número cada vez maior de pesquisadores tem investigado diferentes teorias que procuram conciliar as práticas de gestão e a busca por soluções inovadoras para a transformação social.Alinhada a esta perspectiva, esta tese possui como objetivocompreender o processo de inovação social e os fatores que influenciam as iniciativas de inovação social em contextos de vazios institucionais.Assim, a inovação social é compreendidacomo o desenvolvimento de novas soluções que geram um impacto na resolução de problemas sociais, envolvendo atores e partes interessadas na promoção de uma mudança nas relações sociais, transformando as realidades locais. Os vazios institucionais ocorrem quando os arranjos institucionais não permitem o pleno funcionamento do mercado acarretando inúmeras desigualdades sociais, seja pela ausência, fraqueza ou não cumprimento do papel que se espera das instituições que formam o tecido social. Para investigar as iniciativas de inovação social em contextos de vazios institucionais, a tese seguiu seis etapas metodológicas, sendo a primeira inspirada numa etapa exploratória, com um caso exploratório em uma comunidade indígena produtora de café orgânico no sul do México, seguida por uma revisão de literatura com a identificação de proposições preliminares de pesquisa que foram investigadas em mais dois estudos de caso no Brasil, um no sul e outro no norte do país. Com estes casos, foi possível reformular as proposições preliminares gerando um documento com sete proposições validadas junto a pesquisadores que integram grupos de pesquisa em inovação social. A tese seguiuo paradigma interpretativista, com uma abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa. Dentre os principaisresultados encontrados, está a forte relação da inovação social com o contexto institucional no qual está inserida, levando a primeira contribuição teórica da tese: a presença de vazios institucionais intensifica desigualdades sociais em contextos de vulnerabilidade socioeconômico e as inovações sociais podem atuar para preencher ou amenizar estes vazios. Esta tese, ainda avança na teoria por incluir a perspectiva de que os vazios institucionais são originários não somente do Estado, do mercado e das organizações sem fins lucrativos, como abordado pela literatura, mas também da ciência e das regras e culturas comunitárias.Identificou-se, ainda, que os vazios também podem ocorrer em contextos com mercado desenvolvido e com alta concentração de instituições.Além do mais, os vazios institucionais são preenchidos por múltiplos atores que possuem objetivos diferentes e complementares e que podem atuar conjuntamente na transformação social.Entretanto, para que esta transformação seja efetiva, há que se respeitar os valores, normas e cultura dos atores envolvidos, por meio de uma negociação partilhada dos ideais coletivos. Outro destaque é a identificação de cinco sistemas para analisar o contexto no qual as iniciativasde inovação social estão inseridas: político, financeiro, econômico, de educação/trabalho, e cultural. A última contribuição teórica que a tese apresenta refere-se à possibilidade de uma formação hibrida de instituições para preencher vazios institucionais, sendo composta pelas comunidades locais e por instituições dominantes no cenário institucional. / In an international scenario characterized by social inequalities, rising poverty rates and market dissymmetry, an increasing number of researchers have investigated different theories that seek to reconcile management practices and search for innovative solutions to social transformation. According to this perspective, this thesis aims to understand the process of social innovation and the factors that influence social innovation initiatives in contexts of institutional voids. Thus, social innovation is understood as the development of new solutions that generate an impact in solving social problems, involving actors and stakeholders in promoting a change in social relations, transforming local realities. Institutional voids occur when institutional arrangements do not allow the full functioning of the market leading to innumerable social inequalities, either through the absence, weakness or non-fulfillment of the role that is expected from the institutions that form the social context. In order to investigate social innovation initiatives in contexts of institutional voids, this thesis followed six methodological steps, the first one inspired in an exploratory case in an indigenous community that produces organic coffee in southern Mexico. The second step is a literature review with the identification of preliminary research proposals that were investigated in two other case studies in Brazil, one in the south and the other in the north of the country. With these cases, it was possible to reformulate the preliminary propositions, generating a document with seven proposals validated by researchers that integrate research groups in social innovation. This thesis followed the interpretative paradigm, with a qualitative research approach. Among the main results, there is the strong relationship between social innovation and the institutional context in which it is inserted, leading to the first theoretical contribution of this thesis: the presence of institutional voids intensifies social inequalities in contexts of socioeconomic vulnerability and social innovations can act to fill or soften these voids. This thesis still advances in theory by including the perspective that institutional voids originate not only from the State, market and non-profit organizations, as addressed in literature, but also from science and community rules and cultures. It was also identified that voids can also occur in contexts with a developed market and with a high concentration of institutions. Moreover, institutional voids are filled by multiple actors who have different and complementary goals and can act together in social transformation. However, for this transformation to be effective, the values, norms and culture of the actors involved must be respected through a shared negotiation of collective ideals. Another highlight is the identification of five systems to analyze the context in which social innovation initiatives are inserted: political, financial, economic, education/work, and cultural. The last theoretical contribution that this thesis presents refers to the possibility of a hybrid formation of institutions to fill institutional voids, being composed by the local communities and by dominant institutions in the institutional scenario.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:32:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karina Pellegrino Brossi-Monteiro.pdf: 1714843 bytes, checksum: ef68115046b72a9dd01f4648b07df8a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This work it is a document analisys that adresses a study of the Pedagogical Projects of two schools located in the northern city of São Paulo, namely in the districts of Jaçanã and Tucuruvi respectively, and the way they were planed according to reality of the communities where they operate. The objective of this research is to conduct a study on educational projects, analyzing their composition, whether they are the result of a collective work, and especially considering the data from the social context and reality of the school community and also provide service to and exchange with community in implementing the actions proposed in order to show the differences between the schools studied, as well as their locations. For this purpose, specific objectives involved delimited to verify a diagnosis was made on the specific community school, and analyze the educational project was developed on basis of their specific local idiosyncrasies, noting the characteristics that the school has and how the project characterizes. For this was done reading the educational projects of the selected schools, whose data collected as specific script, we analyzed about axes created as the data collected to help us check the consonances and dissonances of ideas and action plans contained in the projects of schools. The analysis was supported by authors of theoretical sociology of education, education and social services, such as Apple & Beane (2001), Young (2001), Gimeno Sacristan (1998), Azanha (2006), Veiga (1995), Haydt (1997), Sposati (1996; 2000), Saviani (1976) and Albuquerque (2005), so it was verified that the selected districts first (Jaçanã) presents data showing lower levels of quality than the second district (Tucuruvi). The projects for their respective schools, in turn, were consistent with the reality of their communities. While the school located in Jacana has no structure or an appropriate plan of action that makes possible the improvement of regional school located in Tucuruvi has a well-designed project, with a diagnosis that is consistent with the priorities established by the same according to their conceptions / O presente trabalho refere-se a uma análise documental que aborda o estudo sobre os Projetos Pedagógicos de duas escolas situadas na região norte da cidade de São Paulo, a saber, nos distritos de Jaçanã e Tucuruvi respectivamente, e a maneira como os mesmos foram elaborados conforme a realidade das comunidades onde se inserem. O objetivo da presente pesquisa é a realização de estudo sobre Projetos Pedagógicos, analisando sua composição, se são fruto de um trabalho coletivo e, sobretudo, se consideram os dados do contexto social e a realidade concreta da comunidade escolar e ainda, se prevêem atendimento e envolvimento da comunidade na execução das ações que propõem, de maneira a mostrar as diferenças entre as escolas estudadas, conforme suas localizações. Para tanto, os objetivos específicos delimitados envolveram verificar se foi feito um diagnóstico sobre a comunidade específica da escola, e analisar se o Projeto Pedagógico foi elaborado sobre bases concretas de suas idiossincrasias locais, observando as características que a escola tem e como o projeto as caracteriza. Para tanto foi realizada leitura dos Projetos Pedagógicos das escolas selecionadas, cujos dados coletados conforme roteiro específico foram analisados em torno de eixos criados conforme os dados coletados que permitiram verificar as consonâncias e dissonâncias de concepções e planos de ação constantes nos projetos das escolas. A análise realizada contou com apoio teórico de autores da sociologia da Educação, Educação e serviço social, tais como Apple & Beane (2001), Young (2001), Gimeno Sacristán (1998), Azanha (2006), Veiga (1995), Haydt (1997), Sposati (1996; 2000), Saviani (1976) e Albuquerque (2005), de maneira que foi verificado que dos distritos selecionados o primeiro (Jaçanã) apresenta dados que revelam índices de qualidade baixos em relação ao segundo distrito. Os projetos de suas respectivas escolas, por sua vez, mostraram-se condizentes com a realidade de suas comunidades. Enquanto a escola situada em Jaçanã não possui estruturação adequada ou um plano de ação que viabilize a melhoria das condições regionais, a escola situada em Tucuruvi possui um projeto bem elaborado, com um diagnóstico que condiz com as prioridades estabelecidas pela mesma conforme suas concepções

<p>U radu su istražene transformacije gradskog bloka tokom XX i početkom XXI veka. U cilju razumevanja ovih procesa i načina na koji arhitektonski sklopovi predstavljaju određene socijalne, društvene vrednosti kroz prostor, proučeni su različiti aspekti tih odnosa kao što su veze između određenih arhitektonskih i urbanističkih modela i društvenih okolnosti u kojima nastaju, kao i veze određenih modela življenja i prostornih sklopova kroz njihove uzore i tehnike nastajanja. Razumevanje odnosa između različitih prostornih nivoa, na vrstu i prirodu tranzicije između javnog, privatnog i kolektivnog, gde se gradski blok i njegove transformacije pojavljuju kao glavno mesto, polje tih odnosa čini značajan deo ovog rada.</p> / <p>This thesis explores the transformation of a urban block in the XX and at beginning XXI century. In order to understand these processes and the ways in which architectural assemblies represent certain social values through space, this thesis explores and identifies various aspects of these relations as links between specific architectural and urban models and social circumstances in which they occur, it also define relationship between certain models of living and spatial configarations through their ideals and techniques of becoming. Understanding the relationships between different spatial levels, the type and nature of the transition between the public, private and collective, where transformations of urban block apperes as the main place of these relationships is also important part of this thesis.</p>

Product placement has been intensely studied in almost every mass communications medium. One notable exception is in children's picture books where scholarship on the placement of products and brands has been severely underserved despite a steady presence in a medium integral to socialization and society. The present study recognizes the unique characteristics of the shared reading that takes place in this medium and explores its effects on memory for and attitudes toward product placements within children's picture books. Using a laboratory experiment, quantitative statistical analysis of resulting data, and qualitative exploration of themes resulting from subjects' responses, the present study demonstrates that the practice of shared reading positively affects both recollection and attitudes toward product placement in children's picture books. It also discusses the results in the context of their ethical and practical applications and implications.