This study investigates (1) whether infants cared for by a single caregiver exhibit more attachment behaviors than do infants cared for by multiple caregivers and (2) whether sex differences are found in these behaviors. Twenty-six Black infants, nine to twenty-three months of age, in a day-care center, were observed during one brief low-stress separation from a caregiver. Data were taken using six indices of attachment: maintaining proximity, visual regard, touching, protesting, seeking proximity, and greeting. Where subjected to a two-way analysis of variance, the obtained results showed no significant differences in the effects of the two types of care. However, visual regard and greeting behaviors were observed significantly more frequently in females than in males.

The primary purpose of this investigation was to examine the role of emotions as predictors of children's coping responses to peer rejection experiences. This study also explored how children's emotional experience and coping behaviors were related to gender, peer socialization (i.e., receiving prosocial acts by peers and previous victimization experiences), and indices of psychopathology. Children ages 7-12 (N=53) completed questionnaires to assess emotional and coping responses to hypothetical peer rejection scenarios, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and peer experiences. Overall, findings suggested that emotion-related factors (emotion states and more stable "emotional tendencies" such as psychological symptoms) and social context (i.e., children's prosocial peer experiences and victimization) are important predictors of children's coping with peer rejection. Children's emotions predicted coping responses after controlling for peer experiences. Discrete emotions were uniquely associated with coping responses, indicating that coping responses are emotionally-driven. Finally, gender emerged as a predictor of children's emotions in response to rejection experiences. Girls were more likely than boys to anticipate feeling sad or worried inresponse to rejection. These findings provide an empirical foundation for future research and the development of interventions to facilitate adaptive reactions to peer rejection.

Children and adolescents exposed to community violence can experience a plethora of negative outcomes including both internalizing symptoms and externalizing problems. Coping strategies can either buffer the effects of violence exposure or exacerbate negative outcomes following exposure. Given the diversity of strategies youth use to cope with violence, one unanswered question is how youth come to learn coping strategies to deal with community violence, and the roles that proximal others such as caregivers play in that process. The current study had several aims including understanding (a) how caregivers organize and conceptualize the suggestions they give to their children to cope with community violence, (b) the themes that emerge in caregivers' reasoning behind their coping suggestions, and (c) the particular qualities of the caregiver, child, family context, and community context that influence that reasoning.Maternal caregivers and their children ( N = 335 dyads) were interviewed by trained interviewers as part of a larger grant-funded study. Maternal caregivers completed a card sort task in which they had to sort 40 coping suggestions into piles based on what caregivers thought would go together. From this data, five coping suggestion clusters arose and were labeled active, positive and realistic suggestions; protection; seeking outside help; emotion regulation and control; and safe emotional expression. Following the card sort task, maternal caregivers completed a reasoning measure in which they rated the extent to which each item was a reason for why they suggested certain coping strategies to their children. This measure was subjected to confirmatory factor analysis and yielded one total factor. Caregivers answered this measure differently based on their own level of education. Regression analyses were used to examine distal influences on caregivers' reasoning behind their coping suggestions to their children; these analyses were conducted separately by caregiver education. The most important determinant of caregivers' reasoning was their own coping style, specifically active and social support coping. Caregivers did not take into account more distal factors such as qualities of their children or neighborhood. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for intervention with caregivers in communities where community violence exposure is prevalent.

The Black-White biracial population is the largest and fastest growing subgroup of multiracial individuals in the United States. Despite substantial research literature on the positive relationship between Black racial identity and psychological wellbeing, Black-White biracial individuals are underrepresented in studies that provide evidence for this relationship. Root (1998) put forward an Ecological Metamodel of Biracial Identity, comprised of several factors related to contextual (e.g. class, regional history of race-relations, parental identity, extended family) and intra-psychic processes (e.g. social skills, coping skills). The ecological metamodel served as the theoretical framework for the current study. This study is a comprehensive investigation of the ecological system of one Black-White interracial family living in Virginia. Using an ethnographic research design, race-related messages delivered in environmental contexts (e.g. school, community, and home) and racial socialization messages received by Black-White biracial individuals were examined. The family recruited for this study consisted of four members: a White mother, a Black father, a 15 year-old male, and an 11 year-old female. Over the course of 6 months, the researcher conducted individual interviews with nuclear and extended family members; administered the White Racial Identity Attitudes Scale, the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity, the African Home Environment Inventory, and a genogram exercise; and engaged in participant observation and direct observation of the family in the home and at community events. Using an interpretive phenomenological analysis, themes were identified within and between data sources. Results revealed that parents communicate that race is not as important as other characteristics of an individual (e.g. honesty, work ethic). The majority White community environments frequently communicated stereotypes of Blacks and that the children are “different.” The children expressed differences in their racial identities, which is related to significant race-related events and perhaps gender effects. Because of the differing community and home race-related messages, the findings demonstrate the importance of understanding racial identity in multiple environmental contexts, which is particularly important for clinical applications for Black-White interracial families and Black-White biracial individuals in therapy. Future studies should explore possible reasons for gender differences in Black-White biracial identity and the interaction between socioeconomic status and race-related messages.

The study explores children in middle childhood’s experiences of homeschooling. The researcher makes use of a qualitative research design in the form of a case study, studying the participants’ experiences of homeschooling in their natural setting. The sample consisted of children in middle childhood who participated in semi-structured interviews exploring their individual experiences pertaining to learning at home, their familial relationships and their social learning in the homeschooling environment. Developmental aspects relating specifically to middle childhood are discussed and utilised along with the views of the participants in this study, those of experts, and literature reviews in order to gain a genuine understanding of the child’s experience of homeschooling. / Sociology / M. Diac. (Play Therapy)

The dissertation is concerned with socializing processes of pre-school children around three years of age. The first theoretical part is globally concerned with personality socialization and highlights the significance of socialization in the healthy psychical progression of human beings, as well as the importance of understanding the problems of socialization for the pedagogical profession. This knowledge is specific and generalized in a situational context when the child comes to the kindergarten for the first time and gets slowly untied from the family, developing new relationships outside the family sphere. Socialization in the kindergarten is influenced by many internal and external factors. These factors matter if the child coming to the new kindergarten environment will incorporate to this society without any complications. If any complications appear during the incorporation, internal and external factors also influence the period how long they will last and also they influence the manner how the child will manage them as well. Adaptation programm can facilitate the entrance to the kindergarten for parents and their children. By means of this support programme, alongside the familiar person, children can gradually get acquainted with the new kindergarten environment even before the start of...

Title: Issue connected with people of legal age leaving surrogate care. Author: Bc. Zdeňka Vološínová Department: Pedagogy Supervisor: PhDr. Jarmila Mojžíšová PhD. Key words: childen's home, socialization, value orientation, communication, edification Abstract This thesis deals with the phenomena of the departure of the young people from the surrogate care when they become of age. It describes the character of the institutional care in the Czech Republic. The thesis is focused on the form of professional help to the young people, who are about to leave their children's home and thus entering an adult life. The main goal of the thesis is to present and describe a project, that project aims to work with the young people in the children's home, who are preparing to leave this facility. The aim of the project is to facilitate specific communication between the young people and the staff of the children's home to talk to each other about the topic of leaving. During the implementation were used observational, activating and an interviewing methods. The sample of respondents consisted of adolescents aged 15-18 years. The outcome of the project is the booklet entitled Vodchod a co dál?, which serves as a methodological tool when working with the target group. This thesis maps out the environment in which this...

The thesis is focused on the education and socialization of schoolchild - foreigners in classrooms of primary school. In the theoretical section it summarizes the findings of the Vietnamese ethnic minority living in Prague and Chomutov, the legal anchoring of the education of schoolchild - foreigners on teacher competences. The thesis summarizes the problematic questions of inclusion of schoolchild - foreigners and the importance of multicultural education in primary school. In the research part it collects and evaluates experiences of teachers with education of Vietnamese students in some elementary schools in Prague. Information and inspiration from the research is recommended for using in education and socialization of Vietnamese students in the region of Chomutov. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Le principal objectif de notre recherche est de rendre compte des mécanismes psycho-sociaux par lesquels les enfants, âgés de 5-6 ans et scolarisés en grande section de maternelle, se différencient progressivement en tant qu’individus sexués et s’inscrivent dans des parcours scolaires genrés. En référence à une conception de la socialisation qui distingue un versant de l’acculturation et un versant de la personnalisation (Malrieu & Malrieu, 1973), nous formulons l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’identité sexuée médiatise et personnalise l’influence de la socialisation de genre familiale et scolaire sur l’élaboration de l’expérience scolaire des jeunes enfants, en raison du degré de stéréotypie et du niveau d’hétérogénéité de ces milieux de socialisation et de la période de développement des jeunes enfants.Pour tester cette hypothèse, nous avons privilégié une méthodologie centrée sur le point de vue de l’ensemble des sujets concernés (adultes et enfants). Nous avons interrogé, à l’aide d’un questionnaire d’enquête, les parents (pères et mères) de 61 enfants scolarisés en grande section d’école maternelle, leurs enseignants et A.T.S.E.M. sur plusieurs dimensions de la socialisation de genre. L’identité sexuée de l’enfant a été appréhendée à l’aide du P.S.A.I. (Golombok & Rust, 1993), du B.S.R.I. adapté par Tostain (1993) et du test de la constance de genre (Dafflon Novelle, 2010). Enfin, l’expérience scolaire a été étudiée sur la base d’un entretien semi-directif réalisé auprès des enfants.Les principaux résultats mettent en évidence trois types d’expérience scolaire : « conforme », « agonistique » et « épistémique ». Si la socialisation de genre scolaire, via la transmission de valeurs éducatives, oriente principalement l’expérience scolaire des enfants, la socialisation de genre familiale, quant à elle, influence plus particulièrement la construction de l’identité sexuée. En outre, quelques liens apparaissent entre l’identité sexuée et l’expérience scolaire des jeunes enfants. Bien que les analyses réalisées ne permettent pas d’établir le rôle médiateur de l’identité sexuée, l’ensemble de ces résultats confirme la pertinence d’adopter un modèle théorique de la socialisation plurielle et conflictuelle qui examine les liens entre les processus d’acculturation et de personnalisation dans l’étude de la construction des trajectoires scolaires différenciées des filles et des garçons, et ce dès le plus jeune âge. Sous ce modèle, la prise en compte de la construction de l’identité sexuée permet de mieux saisir la part active de l’enfant dans l’élaboration de son expérience scolaire. / The main objective of our research is to account for the psychosocial mechanism by which children, aged 5-6 years and who attend to nursery school, progressively differentiate themselves as boys and girls and fit into gender school development. In reference to a conception of socialization which distinguishes a side of acculturation and a side of personalization (Malrieu & Malrieu, 1973), our hypothesis is the following : Gender identity mediates the influence of family and school gender socialization on the construction of school experience, because of the degree of stereotypy and the degree of heterogeneity of these socialization backgrounds and of the developmental step of the children. In order to test this hypotesis, we choose a methodology centered on the point of view of all the subjects concerned (adults and children). We proposed a questionnaire on several dimensions of gender socialization to the adults (fathers and mothers of 61 children attended nursery school, theirs teachers and their “A.T.S.E.M”. Child’s gender identity was examined with the P.S.A.I; (Golombok & Rust, 1993), the B.S.R.I. adapted by Tostain (1993) and the test of gender constancy (Dafflon Novelle, 2010).School experience was examined with a semi-directive interview.The main results highlight three types of school experience: “conform”, “agonistic” and “epistemic”. If school gender socialization, with the transmission of educational values, influences children’s school experience, family gender socialization influences the construction of gender identity. Some links appear between children’s gender identity and their school experience. Although the analyses don’t permit to establish the mediator role of gender identity, the results as a whole confirm the pertinence to adopt a theoretical model of a plural and conflicting socialization which examines the links between the processes of acculturation and personalization in the study of the construction of the girls and boys school development from the early age. Within this model, the consideration of child’s gender identity allows to better understand in the construction of his/her school experience.

Notre travail de thèse entend interroger les liens dynamiques existants entre mobilité quotidienne et socialisation à l'adolescence, au travers du cas d'adolescents résidant au sein de territoires ruraux franciliens. Pour cela, on a fait le choix d'une part de développer une conception particulièrement fine et extensive de la mobilité, qu'on a défini comme étant une interaction spatiale et sociale, ainsi que de procéder à une ethnographie localisée d'un village rural situé dans le sud-est de la Seine-et-Marne, durant près de deux ans et demi, et combinant différentes méthodes de recueil des données (entretiens ethnographiques, observations directe et participante…). D'un côté, l'analyse synchronique de ces liens permet de mettre en évidence une différenciation entre adolescents selon différents éléments centraux de leur socialisation, en l'occurrence dans leur mobilité, la dimension spatiale de leurs ressources sociales ou encore leurs manières d'habiter (usages des différents territoires, rapports à l'espace public et à l'espace domestique…). De l'autre, l'analyse des liens diachroniques entre mobilité et socialisation permet de resituer toute la dimension processuelle de la différenciation qui s'opère entre eux avec l'âge ainsi que les effets socialisants que comportent la mobilité, c'est-à-dire les manières avec lesquelles les pratiques remanient progressivement les dispositions acquises au cours de la socialisation primaire, dans la mobilité, les manières d'être et d'agir et plus largement participent à construire leur identité sociale et culturelle / Our thesis intends to examine the existing dynamic links at the adolescence between daily mobility and socialization, trough the cases of adolescents living in rural areas in the Paris region. For this, we chose to develop a fine and extensive view of mobility, as a spatial and social interaction, and to conduct an ethnography localized in a rural village located in the southeast of Seine et Marne, for nearly two and a half years, combining different methods of data collection (ethnographic interviews, direct and participant observations…). On the one hand, the synchronic analysis of these links can highlight the differentiation between teenagers from differents central elements of their socialization, namely in their mobility, the spatial dimension of their social resources or in their way of living (their uses of different territories, reports to the public and domestics spaces…). In the second hand, the diachronic analysis of links between mobility and socialization can account for all the procedural dimension of differentiation that occurs between them with age, and the socializing effects of mobility, that is to say the ways in which practices transform the dispositions acquired during the primary socialization, in the mobility, their ways of being and acting, and generally how they participate to build their social and cultural identity