The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between educational and curricular factors and physician location decisions. As a background to the study, a literature search traced the history of medical education in the U.S., focusing on various influences on physician distribution. In the research on physician location decision, this study is unique in its use of the constant comparative method. This method is an inductive approach developed and refined by Glaser and Strauss, used in this study to generate theory regarding the role of educational factors in physician location decisions. In this research, two groups of physicians who completed training after 1965 were selected for study, based on their locations in distinctly different practice settings in Arizona: urban and rural. An open-ended interview format was developed, and each physician was interviewed, with data analysis beginning during the first interview and continuing through the entire period of data collection. Using the constant comparative method, similar groups (rural physicians) were compared to bring out basic properties of categories, and different groups (urban physicians) were then compared to establish boundaries of applicability of the theory. As the interviews proceeded a basic theoretical framework emerged, enabling development of a grounded theory of physician location decisions. The study presents strong empirical evidence in support of the proposition that educational factors are influential in the decision of a physician to enter practice in a rural area. Four primary influences were identified: faculty role modeling, participation in rural clerkships, preceptorships, or required family practice rotations, service activities related to health care for medically underserved populations, and education in a non-traditional setting, or residency training in a rural area. Curriculum content and requirements take on major significance when these influences are subsumed under the major influence of socialization. The extent to which these educational factors play a role in the practice locations of physicians varies according to educational opportunities available during the training period.

The chief goal of the present study was to test whether exposing young adult males to female centerfold images causes them to believe more strongly in a set of beliefs clinical psychologist Gary Brooks terms "the centerfold syndrome." In addition to testing the straightforward effect of exposure to centerfold images on males' centerfold syndrome beliefs, the present study explored the moderating potential of three variables: sexual explicitness of the centerfold images, males' past exposure to objectifying media, and recency of exposure to the centerfold images.Participants were randomly assigned to either a control condition that did not feature centerfold stimuli, a "nonexplicit" condition that featured female centerfolds who did not expose their nipples or genitalia, or an "explicit" condition that featured female centerfolds exposing either their nipples, genitalia, or both. Past exposure to objectifying media was assessed by asking participants how frequently they viewed pornography in the prior year. Items indexing the five centerfold syndrome beliefs - voyeurism, sexual reductionism, masculinity validation, trophyism, nonrelational sex - were administered immediately after exposure and approximately 48 hours after exposure.Exposure to centerfold images had an immediate strengthening effect on the sexual reductionism and nonrelational sex beliefs of males who view objectifying media about once a month or less and this effect persisted approximately 48 hours after exposure. Likewise, exposure to centerfold images had an immediate strengthening effect on the masculinity validation beliefs of males who view objectifying media about once a month or less, and this effect persisted at a marginally significant level approximately 48 hours after exposure. No difference were found between males exposed to nonexplicit vs. explicit images.These findings are consistent with a growing body of literature indicating that mainstream media sex can affect the sexuality of young people. Furthermore, the findings of the present study affirm the suspicions of some that objectifying depictions of females affect the sexual beliefs of some males in ways that are likely unrelated to sexual aggression but are still antisocial.

No description available.

Darbe išanalizuotas periodinių leidinių poveikis ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų socializacijai. Tyrimo tikslas – teoriškai ir empiriškai pagrįsti periodinių leidinių, skirtų vaikams poveikį ikimokyklinuko socializacijai. Hipotezė: periodiniai leidiniai įtakoja ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų socializaciją. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti mokslinę literatūrą apie žiniasklaidos poveikį ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų socializacijai. 2. Įvertinti periodinių leidinių paklausą įvairaus ikimokyklinio amžiaus grupėse. 3. Išsiaiškinti pedagogų nuomonę apie veiklose naudojamų periodinių leidinių įtaką vaikų socializacijai. 4. Ištirti tėvų požiūrį į periodinių leidinių daromą poveikį ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikams. 5. Atskleisti pedagogų nuomonę apie vaikams skirtų žiniasklaidos priemonių, poveikio valdymą ir jo valdymo būdus. Tyrime dalyvavo: Tyrime dalyvavo 430 Vilniaus, Utenos ir Visagino ikimokyklines įstaigas lankantys vaikai, vaikų tėvai ir pedagogai. Imtis: 100 ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų, 180 vaikų tėvų, 150 ikimokyklinio ugdymo pedagogų. Raktiniai žodžiai: Žiniasklaida, periodiniai leidiniai, socializacija, ikimokyklinis ugdymas, ikimokyklinis amžius. Tyrimo duomenys parodė, kad žiniasklaida svarbus šiuolaikinis auklėjimo veiksnys, formuojantis visuomenę, tautinę, tarptautinę, valstybinę sąmonę, požiūrius į žmonių bendravimą ir t.t., tėvai ir pedagogai pripažįsta žiniasklaidos poveikį, tačiau mano, jog jį valdyti galima ne visada. / The paper analyzed the effects of periodical publications in preschool children's socialization. Goal of study – theoretical and empirical base of socialization effects of magazines for pre-school children. Hypothesis: periodicals affect preschool children's socialization. Tasks of the study: To analyze the scientific literature on media effects on preschool children's socialization. To assess the demand for various periodicals in the pre-school age groups. To find the opinion of teachers on the effects of periodicals used in activities for the socialization of children. To find out teachers' views on the influence of various magazines to the children's socialization. To investigate parental attitudes on the management of the exposure of pre-school age children to media and ways of its control. Participants of the survey: The study included 430 children attending Vilnius, Utena and Visaginas pre-school institutions, their parents and teachers. Sample: preschool children and 180 parents of children, 150 pre-school teachers. Key words: media, periodicals, socialization, preschool education, preschool age. The results of the research demonstrated that the media is an important factor in modern education, participating in the formation of society, national, international, national consciousness and approaches to human interaction, etc. Parents and educators recognize the impact of mass media, but believe that it can not always be controlled.

Nagrinėjant pasirinktą temą norima išsiaiškinti kokie veiksniai daro įtaką vaikų ir jaunimo klubų veiklai ir kokios veiklos gerinimo galimybės leistų tikėtis dinamiškų ir veiksmingų pokyčių. / The aim of the paper is to explore the optimum possibilities of the movement in the children and youth clubs. The methods used to reach the aim are these: the analysis of the science literature, which studies the informal education; the research with questioners.

Darbą atliko Jurgita Zenevičienė, VPU antro kurso politinės sociologijos magistrantė. Tyrimo tikslas:. išsiaiškinti kaip jaunimas vertina e-paslaugas, kokius teikia prioritetus, kokie veiksniai skatina naudotis jomis, kokie trukdo. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Pateikti e-paslaugų sampratą ir raidą, pagrindinius bruožus; 2. Išanalizuoti e-paslaugas reglamentuojančią teisinę bazę Lietuvoje; 3. Apibendrinti e-paslaugas, jų pritaikomumą Lietuvoje Europos Sąjungos kontekste, naudojimosi e-paslaugų galimybes; 4. Išskirti e-paslaugų įvairovę bei veiksnius, skatinančius ir trukdančius jaunimui naudotis e-paslaugomis; 5. Remiantis VPU atliktu tyrimu, išanalizuoti kaip jaunimas vertina e-paslaugas, jų kokybę, kokie, jų nuomone, veiksniai skatina naudotis e-paslaugomis ir kokie trukdo. Tyrimo objektas: išsiaiškinti kaip jaunimas vertina e-paslaugas, kokius teikia prioritetus, kokie veiksniai skatina naudotis jomis, kokie trukdo. Tyrimo hipotezės: 1. Studentai, kurie mokykloje kreipė didesnį dėmesį į kompiuterinio raštingumo pamokas, lengviau naudojasi e-paslaugomis; 2. Dirbantys studentai žymiai daugiau naudojasi e-paslaugomis, negu tie studentai, kurie nedirba; 3. Tiksliuosius mokslus studijuojantys studentai daugiau naudojasi e-paslaugomis, negu studentai studijuojantys humanitarinius bei socialinius mokslus; 4. Vyrai yra labiau patenkinti teikiamų e-paslaugų kokybe nei moterys; 5. Viena iš perspektyviausių e-pasaugų jaunimas laiko pajamų ir turto deklaravimą. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The work was written by Jurgita Zenevičienė, student of Sociology and polithology cathedral of Social sciences faculty of Vilnius pedagogical university. The purpose of the investigation is to analyse the rendering of public e-services and its acceptability in youth view. Tasks of the work: 1. To represent the conception, evolution and the main features of the e-services; 2. To analyse the law basis that regulates e-services in Lithuania; 3. To summarize the e-services, their adaptability in Lithuania in the European Union context, the possibilities of using e-services; 4. To accentuate variety of e-services and factors that motivate and impede fr youth to use e-services; 5. With reference to the investigation made by VPU, to analyse how youth evaluate e-services, their quality, which of them, according to youth opinion, motivate to use e-services and which impede. The object of investigation: specialties of youth using public e-services. Hypotheses of the investigation: 1. Students that paid a lot of attention to the lessons of computer-based literacy, use e-services easier. 2. Working students use e-services much more than students that do not work 3. Students that study exact sciences use e-services more than students that study liberal arts and social sciences. 4. Men are more satisfied about e-services quality than women. 5. One of the most perspective e-services youth consider the declaration of incomes and capital. The work methods: the analysis of scientific and... [to full text]

Lyčių vaidmenys yra svarbiausi kiekvieno žmogaus per gyvenimą atliekami vaidmenys. Jų yra mokomasi socializacijos proceso metu, kai veikiamas įvairių veiksnių individas suvokia, kas yra vyriška, o kas moteriška. Tai suvokdamas, individas suformuoja savo savivoką, kuri plečiant savo jau turimų žinių ribas keičiasi. Savivoką gali keisti daugelis veiksnių, tarp jų ir televizija. Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti televizijos serialuose pateikiamų lyčių vaidmenų poveikį auditorijos lyčių savivokai. Siekiant įgyvendinti užsibrėžtą darbo tikslą, išsikeliami šie pagrindiniai uždaviniai: apibrėžti žmogaus savivokos sąvoką; atlikti procesų ir veiksnių, kurie formuoja lyčių vaidmenis analizę; išanalizuoti televizijos serialų paskirtį bei jų poveikį auditorijai; išanalizuoti televizijos serialuose pateikiamus lyčių vaidmenis; ištirti televizijos serialuose pateikiamų lyčių vaidmenų poveikį auditorijos savivokai. Naudojama literatūra, kuri skiriama į šias grupes: medžiaga, kurioje analizuojamas socializacijos procesas bei individo tapatybės formavimasis; lyčių vaidmenų analizei skirtos publikacijos bei tyrimai ir literatūra, kurioje analizuojamas televizijos serialų atsiradimas ir jų tolimesnis plitimas bei populiarumo priežastys. Išanalizavus literatūrą, atlikus televizijos serialų turinio analizę bei apklausą, prieita prie šių pagrindinių išvadų. Pirma: savivoka yra žmogaus savęs suvokimas ir turimos žinios apie save. Savivoka gali kisti priklausomai nuo to, kiek naujų žinių individas įgaus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Gender roles are the most important roles in life of every human. They are learned in the socialization process under the influence of various factors which determine perception of what is masculine and what is feminine. In this way each individual forms his own self-perception, which is changing according boundaries of the knowledge. Self-percection can be alternated by a number of factors, including the television. Objective of this thesis- to analyze the impact of gender roles portrayed in television serials on gender perception of the audience. In order to achieve the stated objective, the following main tasks were set: to define the concept of human self-perception, to analyse the factors which influence gender roles, investigate television serials and their impact on the intended audience, explore gender role models portrayed in television serials and analyse their impact on gender perception of the audience. The literature used can be divided in the following categories: literature analyzing the process of socialization and formation of identity of the individual; research publications and literature analysing the occurrence and further spread of television serials and the reasons for their popularity. The analysis of literature, investigation of the television series and content analysis of the survey led to these conclusions. First: self-perception is self understanding of the humans and knowledge about themselves. Self-perception may alternate depending on the new... [to full text]

The overall purpose of this study was to examine organized youth sports in Sweden and the possible influences over time (2 years) on some of the intended socialisation effects in terms of children’s and adolescent’s self-esteem, perceived physical and social competence, self reported pro- and antisocial behaviours, self reported psychosomatic health, and use of alcohol and tobacco. In an attempt to capture some of the complex social interactions in sports, which undoubtedly leads to different socialisation experiences, an additional purpose of this study was to examine possible relations between children and adolescent athletes’ dispositional goal orientations (task and ego), perceived motivational climate in sports, perceived sport-specific competence, perceived prosocial coaching and presumptive psychosocial effect variables. This study’s theoretical framework was primarily based on previous works by Bronfenbrenner (1979, 1992, 1995, 2001), Bronfenbrenner and Morris (1998), Nicholls (1984, 1989) and Patriksson (1995). The design of the study was a three-occasion longitudinal multiple cohort design including elements of retrospective questions. Data was collected from pupils residing in schools situated in Western and Middle parts of Sweden. The sample was based on a randomly stratified sampling procedure and comprised of 1378 pupils in total (10-18 years) distributed in primary school, lower secondary school and upper secondary school. The answering rate was high (T1=85%; T2=80%; T3=80%), but wave non-response made it necessary to impute missing data values. In total 1212 respondents were included in the final analyses. The main results showed that sport socialisation effects on youth’s prosocial development in general were rather small, with some minor exception for perceived physical competence and smoking tobacco. Consequently the results challenge the public notion that participating in organized sport “builds character.” Results related to the specific sport environment, though showed that organized sports have the potential to act as a more positive socialisation arena. It is proposed that creating a mainly task-oriented motivational climate, and helping the individual to foster a balance between task- and ego-oriented goal orientations, will increase the probability that young athletes will perceive higher levels of competence. This will, in turn, enhance the chance that participation in organized sports will have a positive effect on youths’ psychosocial development.

Tyrimo objektas – pradinių klasių mokinių fizinis aktyvumas ir socializacija. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti ir įvertinti pradinių klasių mokinių fizinio aktyvumo, socializacijos ir jų tėvų fizinio aktyvumo ryšį. Hipotezė: Fizinis aktyvumas tiesiogiai teigiamai susijęs su pradinių klasių vaikų socializacija Uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti ir įvertinti pradinių klasių mokinių fizinį aktyvumą ir socializaciją. 2. Nustatyti ir įvertinti pradinių klasių mokinių tėvų fizinį aktyvumą. 3. Nustatyti pradinių klasių mokinių ir jų tėvų fizinio aktyvumo ryšį. 4. Nustatyti pradinių klasių mokinių fizinio aktyvumo ir socializacijos ryšį. Rezultatai: Biržų rajono ir Kauno rajono pradinių klasių mokinių organizuota fizinė veikla po pamokų vidutiniškai trunka 3,21 ± 7,2 val. per savaitę, pradinių klasių mokinių fiziškai aktyvus laisvalaikis vidutiniškai trunka 5,47 ± 5 val. Pradinių klasių mokiniai sėsliai laisvalaikį praleidžia vidutiniškai 27,5 ± 20,8 val. Išvados: 1. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad pradinių klasių mokinių fizinis aktyvumas pagal rekomenduojamas PSO rekomendacijas nėra pakankamas. Biržų rajone fiziškai aktyvių tirtųjų pradinių klasių moksleivių buvo daugiau negu Kauno rajone. Tirtieji moksleiviai turėjo aukštą socialumo įvertį. 2. Mažiau nei puse tirtųjų pradinių klasių moksleivių tėvų buvo nepakankamai fiziškai aktyvūs. 3. Ryšio tarp pradinių klasių mokinių ir jų tėvų fizinio aktyvumo neaptikome. 4. Fizinis aktyvumas pradinių klasių moksleivių socialumui poveikio neturi. Pasiūlymai:... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Research objects: physical activity and socialization of primary school students and their parents physical activity relation. Research aim: estimate the bond between primaty school pupils physical activity, socialization and their parents physical activity Hypothesis: Physical activity is directly related with socialization of primary school students Objectives: 1. Identify and evaluate physical activity and socialization of primary school students. 2. Identify and evaluate physical activity of primary school parents. 3. Identify coherence of primary school students and their parents activity. 4. Identify connection between physical activity and socialization of primary school students. Results: Primary school pupils from Biržai and Kaunas region takes organized phisical activity after school approximately between 3,21 ± 7,2 hours per week. Moreover, primary school pupils leisure related with phisical activity approximately takes between 5,47 ± 5 hours per week. Primary school pupils spent their leisure sudentary approximately 27,5± 20,8 hour per week. Conclusions: 1. Research results show that physical activity of primary school students is not properly according to advised PSO recommendations. Physically active primary schools students are more in Biržų region than in Kaunas area. Tested sudents have high sociability level. 2. Less than half tested parents of primary school students have poor physical activity. 3. We do not identify coherence between physical activity of... [to full text]

The transition for any executive into a new appointment is a challenge. This transition for the newly appointed Chief Information Officer (CIO) is especially challenging given the complexity and ambiguous nature of their role. Investment in information technology (IT) has steadily increased over the past twenty years and contributes to enabling business changes that drive organizational performance improvements. The role of the Chief Information Officer (CIO) has evolved into an executive who holds significant responsibility for leading the organization in realizing these investment benefits. Therefore unsuccessful CIO transitions can negatively impact the extent to which the organization’s IT benefits are fully realized. This research has one objective: to increase our understanding of the process of taking charge for the newly appointed Chief Information Officer (CIO). This increased understanding contributes to academic research as well as provides insights to practicing CIOs that will increase their probability of successfully taking charge of a new appointment. The project explores this phenomenon in depth from both the CIO’s and non-IT executive’s (CxO) perspective through semi-structured interviews with 43 executives. Participants included twenty-one Chief Information Officers and twenty-two C-suite, non-IT executives. The study integrates concepts from role theory and leader socialization with CIO leadership challenges. Findings indicate that the newly appointed CIO experiences a mutual adjustment process when they take charge. This adjustment occurs within their role set; the IT leadership team, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the other top management team members (CxOs). The data suggests that CIOs experience three overlapping phases of taking charge; Entry, Stabilization and Renewal. These phases result in confidence, credibility and legitimacy as a new leader in the organization. The data further reveals that the type of transition (Start-up, Turnaround, Realignment or Success-sustaining) encountered by the CIO is a significant influence on the taking charge process. CIO socialization is influenced heavily by their role set and the expectations within it. CIOs will encounter CxO peers with varying preferences on interaction style and focus. In addition the CxOs in the study identified three different views of CIOs that reinforce the role ambiguity for the newly appointed CIO. The study reveals that CIOs experience organizational socialization in two domains of leadership. These domains are supply-side and demand-side leadership. The data suggests that supply-side socialization occurs prior to demand-side socialization. These socialization outcomes are dependent on transition type. This research extends previous work done on CIO transitions by identifying phases, activities and outcomes. An additional contribution is the first empirical model of new CIO socialization. Leader socialization research is enhanced with the study of a non-CEO executive. This model contributes a deeper understanding of the mutual adjustment process experienced by a newly appointed CIO. Practicing CIOs can apply these findings in developing transition plans and actions for taking a new appointment. The CxO types and attitudes can inform the newly appointed CIO on customizing their relationship building approaches. Understanding that taking charge requires 2-3 years can lead to more realistic expectations of the executive. The findings of this study can lead CIOs to a higher probability of success in taking charge of a new appointment.