L’engagement organisationnel a un effet réducteur sur les comportements déviants au travail. Cette recherche se propose de relever et de chiffrer les conséquences du déficit d’engagement puis d’identifier et d’analyser ses causes pour pouvoir, grâce au management et à la gestion stratégique des ressources humaines, élaborer et tester des propositions susceptibles d’améliorer durablement l’engagement dans un souci de performances socio-économiques.Notre terrain de recherche est le service nettoiement d’une collectivité territoriale en Tunisie où nous avons mené une recherche-intervention qui montre que l’estime et la valorisation du travail et du statut de l’employé, aussi bas dans l’échelle soit-il, est nécessaire pour augmenter l’engagement et le sentiment d’appartenance à l’organisation et par là l’amélioration des performances. Mots clés : engagement organisationnel, comportements déviants, management, performance socio-économique. / Organizational commitment has a reductive effect on deviant behaviors at work.This research intend to show up and calculate the cost of a lack of commitment and then identify and analyse its causes to be able, by the mean of the strategic management of human resources, to work up and test proposals that enhance durably commitment and socio-economic performance.Our research terrain is a local authority cleaning service in Tunisia where we conducted a research-intervention that shows that respect and valuation of employee labor and status, especially when he’s in the bottom end of the scale, is necessary to enhance commitment and strengthen the sense of belonging to the organisation and thereby performance.Keywords : commitment, dark side behaviors, socio-economic performance, management.

L’entrepreneuriat a été très longtemps reposé sur les seuls facteurs économiques, comme la recherche et le développement (R&D), les innovations, les infrastructures adéquates, les nouvelles technologies appliquées, un système bancaire efficace, etc. Pourtant, d’autres facteurs s’avèrent encore plus importants lorsqu’il s’agit surtout de chercher à comprendre les dimensions qui sont intrinsèquement pertinentes dans les prises de décisions entrepreneuriales. Parmi ces facteurs, la culture occupe une place centrale qu’on ne peut en aucun cas occulter. En effet, grâce à certains traits culturels qui caractérisent positivement le comportement de leurs peuples, beaucoup de pays ont vu développer leurs économies. Alors que d’autres traits culturels, au lieu d’être prometteurs, constituent plutôt des handicaps au développement économique des pays dits sous-développés. Ceux qui ont une culture négro-africaine semblent les plus touchés. Haïti est l’un des pays de l’hémisphère occidental, plus précisément du bassin caribéen, qui semblent aussi faire partie de cette catégorie, par l’intermédiaire de certains traits culturels négro-africains qui lui sont légués en héritage pendant toute la période coloniale. Tout ceci a été antérieurement prouvé par un ensemble de travaux de recherche théoriques et empiriques. Cependant, dans le but d’apporter quelques éclairages nécessaires aux résultats de ces travaux et surtout d’approfondir notre champ de recherche sous les prismes de la performance globale et du développement socio-économique durable d’Haïti, cette présente thèse se donne plutôt pour objectif principal de tenter de modéliser empiriquement les comportements socioculturels de l’entrepreneuriat haïtien. Dans ce sens, elle cherche à construire un modèle conceptuel théorique de référence qui peut nous permettre de vérifier statistiquement et économétriquement l’influence de certains facteurs socioculturels sur les intentions des actifs entrepreneurs et non-entrepreneurs haïtiens de créer à court terme une entreprise ou de se lancer sur le moyen terme ou sur le long terme dans un projet à caractère entrepreneurial dans leur propre département de naissance. / During a very long time Entrepreneurship was based solely on economic factors such as research and development (R&D), innovations, appropriate infrastructures, new applied technologies, an efficient banking system, and so on. Yet other factors are even more important when it comes to understanding the dimensions which are intrinsically relevant to entrepreneurial decision-making. And among them culture occupies a central place which cannot be overshadowed. Indeed, while some populations’cultural traits positively characterize their behavior and thus would play a role in their countries’ economic development, other cultural traits, instead of being promising, rather consist in handicaps to the economic growth of so-called underdeveloped countries. In this category, those with Black African culture seem to be the most affected. Haiti is one of the countries of the Western Hemisphere, more precisely of the Caribbean basin, which seem to be part of this category, from the black-African cultural traits which are bequeathed to it during the whole colonial period. All this was previously proved by a set of theoretical and empirical research works. However, in order to bring some necessary insights to the results of this work and especially to broaden our field of research in terms of performance and sustainable socio-economic development of Haiti, this thesis aims rather to try to empirically model the sociocutural behaviors of Haitian entrepreneuriat. In this sense, she’s looking to build an theorical reference model which can enable us to statistically and econometrically verify the influence of sociocultural behaviors on he intentions of entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial Haitian assets to create a company in the short term or to embark on a medium-term or long-term project in an entrepreneurial project in their own birth region.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Jaime Antonio Stoffel.pdf: 324461 bytes, checksum: 1198667990c660d0c5824b945ba8dad1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-11-05 / The objective of this study is to comparatively analyse the socio-economic performance reached by different kinds of productive organizations of the small family agricultural production in the west of Paraná in order to determine which kinds present bigger or shorter viability to the development of the family agriculture in that region With the development of capitalism in the country there was a growing transformation in that region and a consequently diversity of the kinds of productive organizations with implications for the viability and the socio-economic performance of those kinds of small producers So at least four kinds of productive organizations of the small family agricultural production appeared and developed in the decades of 1970 and 1980 in that region and are still predominant: a) Productive organization with prevailing integrated production; b) Productive organization with prevailing farming diversification; c) Productive organization with production exclusively agricultural; and d) Productive organization with prevailing agricultural production This way in terms of work hypothesis we found out the socio-economic viability of the small family agricultural production is related to its kind of productive organization By studying primary and secondary data it could be concluded that the relationship exists but not in simple kind This study points out that each different kind of productive organization presents different potentialities and obstacles to its viability which is justified by the different combinations of activities performed in the small family production in that region determining bigger or shorter socio-economic performance This way we can?t suggest a single destiny to the small family production in that region since its destiny depends on its own inside production factors available in the small properties especially labor and natural resources and also outside factors which coerce into its behaviour / Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar comparativamente o desempenho sócio-econômico alcançado por diferentes formas de organização produtiva da pequena produção agrícola familiar na Região Oeste do Paraná a fim de determinar quais as formas que apresentam maior ou menor viabilidade para o desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar na Região Com o desenvolvimento do capitalismo no campo houve na Região uma crescente transformação e uma conseqüente diversificação nas formas de organização produtiva com implicações sobre a viabilidade e o desempenho sócio-econômico desta categoria de pequenos produtores Assim pelo menos quatro formas de organização produtiva da pequena produção agrícola familiar surgiram e se desenvolveram a partir das décadas de 1970 e 1980 na Região e predominam até hoje: a) Forma de Organização Produtiva com predomínio da produção integrada; b) Forma de Organização Produtiva com predomínio da diversificação agropecuária; c) Forma de Organização Produtiva com produção exclusivamente agrícola; e d) Forma de Organização Produtiva com predomínio da produção agrícola Nesse sentido em termos de hipótese de trabalho verifica-se que a viabilidade sócio-econômica da pequena produção agrícola familiar está relacionada às suas formas de organização produtiva Constata-se através de uma análise feita com a utilização de dados primários e secundários que esta relação existe mas não de forma simples Ou seja o estudo aponta que cada uma das diferentes formas de organização produtiva analisadas apresentam potencialidades e obstáculos diferenciados à sua viabilidade Isto se explica pelas diferentes combinações de atividades desenvolvidas na pequena produção agrícola familiar na Região que determinam maior ou menor desempenho sócio-econômico Dessa forma não se pode sugerir um único destino para a pequena produção agrícola familiar na Região Mesmo porque este destino depende dos próprios fatores de produção internos disponíveis nas pequenas propriedades principalmente mão-de-obra e recursos naturais bem como dos fatores externos que a coagem em seu comportamento

La recherche s’attache à améliorer la compréhension d’un management stratégique des coopérations entre les parties prenantes d’un projet de construction. Cette thèse développe tout particulièrement le lien entre ce management des coopérations et la performance socio-économique des organisations de maîtrise d’œuvre. Ce lien est analysé à partir des deux principaux cadres théoriques que sont la théorie socio-économique et la théorie des parties prenantes. L’état des lieux du management stratégique des coopérations au sein des organisations de maîtrise d’œuvre, réalisé selon une approche dysfonctionnelle conforme à la méthodologie de recherche-intervention socio-économique, met en évidence les principales causes des défaillances de coopération et leurs impacts sur les parties prenantes. Puis, les expérimentations, menées dans 22 agences d’architecture et une PME de maîtrise d’œuvre, montrent que la synchronisation, le pilotage stratégique et le pilotage des compétences des parties prenantes constituent les trois principaux axes d’amélioration de ce management stratégique des coopérations. Des leviers et facteurs de développement de ces axes, mobilisables par les organisations de maîtrise d’œuvre pour améliorer la qualité des coopérations avec leurs parties prenantes internes et externes, sont développés. Les compétences et la confiance se révèlent deux facteurs significatifs de performance et de durabilité des coopérations. Leur articulation conduit au développement d’un concept de coopération-confiance performante et durable où le management stratégique des coopérations constitue l’activateur qui, par effet de levier, améliore la performance socio-économique de l’organisation ainsi que son pilotage. Un pilotage qui invite à un repositionnement de la fonction de maître d’œuvre vers celle de maître d’œuvre-pilote des coopérations. / This dissertation aims to enhance understanding of strategic management cooperation between the stakeholders of a construction project. Our work is particularly focused on the link between cooperation management and socio-economic performance of architectural and engineering firms. This link is analyzed through two main theoretical frameworks: socio-economic theory and stakeholder theory. An empirical analysis of strategic management cooperation within architectural and engineering organizations, through a dysfunctional approach according to the socio-economic intervention-research methodology, highlights the main causes of cooperation failures and their impacts on stakeholders. Then, experimentations, conducted in 22 architectural firms and in a SME engineering company, show that synchronization, strategic management and stakeholders’ skills management are three main improvement axes of cooperation strategic management. Those axes’ levers and development factors, mobilized by architectural and engineering firms to improve cooperation quality with internal and external stakeholders, are developed. Skills and trust appear as two significant cooperation performance and sustainability factors. Their combination leads to the development of a concept of efficient and sustainable cooperation-trust management in which strategic cooperation is the activator, by leverage effect, improves the organization’s socio-economic performance and its management. A management which calls for repositioning the architectural and engineering firms work to that of architectural and engineering firms as cooperation managers.

Les entreprises de spectacle vivant évoluent dans un contexte de diminution de ressources externes et de modification des modalités d’attribution des subventions par l’application de la LOLF (Loi Organique relative aux Lois de Finances). Leur problématique repose sur les moyens à mettre en œuvre pour faire face à ces contraintes. Nous nous attachons à démontrer que leur développement dépend de l’amélioration de la logique de coopération entre les acteurs à partir du projet artistique et de l’appropriation des contraintes d’évaluation de la LOLF, pour révéler les performances cachées et développer des ressources internes. Cette recherche se construit à partir de l’hypothèse que l’amélioration de la performance globale des organisations dépend d’une action transformative qui opère selon trois axes interdépendants : l’intervention, les outils de management, le langage–acteur. A partir d’une recherche-Intervention dans un théâtre et d’un diagnostic qualitatif dans un autre, nous accompagnons les acteurs dans une conduite de changement et étudions les conditions de développement managérial dans ce type d’organisation. Nous analysons comment l’utilisation du langage dans le cadre de l’Intervention Socio-Economique modifie les représentations et contribue à l’élaboration d’un nouveau dispositif managérial. Nous proposons d’associer les outils de management socio-Économiques, utilisés comme des matrices de lecture de l’organisation, aux critères d’évaluation et de subvention des pouvoirs publics pour en faire des outils de réflexion sur le processus de réalisation et de diffusion de spectacle et construire une représentation partagée entre les différents acteurs. / Performing arts companies operate in a context of declining resources and changes in the rules governing the allocation of grants, in accordance with the LOLF (Organic Law relative to the Laws of Finance). Their challenge lies in finding ways to address these constraints. We aim to demonstrate that their development depends on improving the manner in which all parties cooperate, based on the artistic project and taking into account the constraints resulting from the evaluation used by the LOLF, to reveal hidden costs and to develop internal resources. This research is based on the hypothesis that improving the overall performance of organizations depends on a transformative action that operates in three interdependent areas: intervention, management tools, and the speech-Actor. Based on intervention-Research in one theatre and on a qualitative study in another, we have assisted actors in the process of change management and examined the conditions in which managerial development takes place in this type of organization. We analyse how language use in the context of Socio-Economic Intervention modifies the representations and contributes to the elaboration of a new managerial instrument. We propose the use of socio-Economic management tools, serving as a framework for analyzing the organisation, combined with the criteria of evaluation and allocation of public funding as a basis of reflexion on the process of creation and dissemination of shows, as well as a means of building a shared representation between the different actors.