Orientador: Antonio Carlos Pereira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T00:18:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lourenco_EloisiodoCarmo_D.pdf: 1076909 bytes, checksum: 5f15f1bf16a0c3ca92dcc88772b0f283 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Nas últimas duas décadas vêm sendo observadas mudanças nos indicadores de morbi-mortalidade no Brasil. Trata-se de um período no qual, além do advento do Sistema Único de Saúde e da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, relevantes transformações ocorreram no cenário macro-econômico e social do país. Para a consolidação de tais mudanças positivas, é necessário, sobretudo, que se compreendam os fatores que interferiram nas mesmas, a fim de se organizar os serviços de saúde coerentemente com o seu enfrentamento. Assim, o presente estudo analisou todos os municípios do Estado de São Paulo no período de 1998 a 2008, considerando três tendências epidemiológicas distintas como variáveis dependentes: percentual de nascidos vivos de mães sem pré-natal, tendência da morbidade hospitalar adulta por Insuficiência cardíaca (IC) e Acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) e mortalidade infantil, testadas com seis variáveis independentes de correção: produto interno bruto (PIB) per capta, cobertura da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF), porte populacional dos municípios, cobertura por PACS (Programa de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde), IPRS (Índice Paulista de Responsabilidade Social) e renda per capta, através de modelos de medidas repetidas no tempo. Os resultados do presente estudo apresentam-se nessa tese na forma de 03 artigos e os principais resultados são: a) houve diminuição significativa do percentual de nascidos vivos de mães sem pré-natal no período estudado, havendo uma correlação negativa entre a mesma e as variáveis: PIB per capta, cobertura da Estratégia de Saúde da Família e porte populacional; b) houve uma tendência de queda da morbidade hospitalar adulta por IC e por AVC, significativamente influenciada pelo PIB per capta; c) a queda da mortalidade infantil no período analisado foi influenciada pelo crescimento do PIB per capita e pelo modelo de atenção Saúde da Família. Concluiu-se que as tendências epidemiológicas verificadas no decorrer do tempo requerem análises que levem em conta, sempre, as variáveis contextuais, as quais podem, tanto gerar as referidas mudanças, quanto nortear a organização dos serviços / Abstract: In the last two decades have been observed changes in indicators of morbidity and mortality in Brazil. It is a period in which, besides the advent of the National Health System and the Family Health Strategy (PSF), relevant changes occurred in the macro-economic and social development. In order to consolidate these positive changes, it is necessary, above all, understand the impact factors, in order to organize health services consistently with your facing. Thus, the present study examined all municipalities in the state of São Paulo in the period 1998-2008, considering three distinct epidemiological trends, using four dependent variables: percentage of live births to mothers without prenatal, trend of hospitalizations for adult heart failure (CI) and stroke (CVA) and infant mortality, and to associate with six independent variables for correction: gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, coverage of the Family Health Strategy (FHS), population size of the municipalities covered by PACS (Program Community Health Workers), IPRS (São Paulo Index of Social Responsibility) and per capita income, through models of repeated measures. The results of this study are presented in this thesis in the form of 03 articles, and the main results are: a) a significant decrease in the percentage of live births to mothers without prenatal care during the study period, and a negative correlation between dependent and variables: GDP per capita, population coverage of PSF and population size, b) there was a downward trend in adult hospital admissions for HF and stroke, significantly influenced by GDP per capita, c) the decline of infant mortality in the analyzed period was influenced by the growth of GDP per capita and the model of care Family Health. It was concluded that epidemiological trends observed over time require analyzes that take into account where the contextual variables, which can both generate these changes, the guide service organization / Doutorado / Saude Coletiva / Doutor em Odontologia

Orientadores: Antonio de Azevedo Barros Filho, Vanda Maria Gemenez Gonçalves / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T21:59:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bobbio_TatianaGodoy_M.pdf: 1221768 bytes, checksum: 321314615ad19a2e93e32521d1728fb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O Sistema Nervoso da criança é um sistema em constante transformação resultante da interação entre forças de ordem interna e externa. As habilidades motoras são o resultado final deste complexo desenvolvimento. A coordenação apendicular é uma das aquisições motoras essenciais no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e intelectual da criança, com ele a criança consegue realizar atividades importantes como os movimentos de ¿pinça¿ e oponência do polegar indispensáveis para a escrita. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram inicialmente avaliar e comparar a coordenação apendicular de escolares da primeira série do ensino fundamental de níveis socioeconômicos distintos. Em seguida, observar os fatores associados para o desenvolvimento inadequado desta coordenação e o comportamento da dominância lateral. Foram avaliados 238 escolares: 118 da escola pública e 120 da escola privada quanto à coordenação apendicular por meio do Exame Neurológico Evolutivo. Um questionário contendo informações sobre os pais e a criança foi respondido previamente pelo responsável. As escolas foram selecionadas intencionalmente para representar os dois níveis socioeconômicos distintos pretendidos. Na análise dos dados foram utilizados para os testes de associação o teste qui-quadrado e razão de chances (odds ratio) pelo método de regressão logística univariada seguida de análise multivariada. Para comparação entre as médias foi utilizado teste de Mann-Whitney. Na escola pública foram observadas 73,3% das crianças com coordenação apendicular inadequada enquanto na escola privada apenas 22,5% (p=0,0001). As crianças da escola pública apresentaram 5,5 vezes maior chance de terem coordenação motora inadequada para a idade quando comparadas às da escola privada. Crianças que iniciaram a vida escolar após os 4 anos de idade apresentaram risco de 2,8 vezes maior de inadequação na coordenação apendicular do que as crianças que iniciaram a vida escolar antes desta idade. Quando realizada análise com as duas escolas separadamente, para identificar os fatores associados dentro de cada grupo, na escola estadual a idade de início escolar permaneceu no modelo. Sendo que as crianças que iniciaram vida escolar após 4 anos apresentaram risco 4,21 vezes maior de coordenação inadequada. Na escola privada nenhuma variável permaneceu no modelo. Quanto à dominância lateral as crianças com coordenação apendicular inadequada apresentaram mais inconstância na preferência manual (p=0,0007). Existe diferença na coordenação apendicular de crianças da primeira série do ensino fundamental de níveis socioeconômicos distintos. Os fatores socioeconômicos e a entrada tardia na escola são os que mais influenciam na coordenação apendicular / Abstract: A child¿s nervous system is a system in constant change resulting from the interaction of internal and external forces. Motor skills are the end result of this complex development. Appendicular coordination is one of the essential motor acquisitions in a child¿s neuro-psychomotor and intellectual development. With it the child is able to perform important activities such as ¿fine tweezer¿ and thumb opposition movements that are indispensable for writing. The purposes of this study were initially to evaluate and compare the appendicular coordination of elementary school first graders from differing socio-economic backgrounds. Then to observe the factors associated with the inadequate development of such coordination and the lateral dominance behavior. The evaluation involved 238 students. Out of the 238 students, 118 were from a public school and 120 came from a private school. They were evaluated as to appendicular coordination through the Evolutional Neurological Test. A questionnaire containing information on parents and child was previously responded to by the responsible parent. The schools were deliberately selected to represent the two different socioeconomic levels intended. In the data analyses for the association tests the chi-square test and the odds ratio test using the univaried logistic regression method followed by multivaried analysis were used. The Mann-Whitney test was used for comparing means. In the public school it was observed that 73.3% of the children showed inadequate appendicular coordination, while in the private school only 22.5% (p=0.0001) displayed such trait. As compared to private school children, public school children were 5.5 times more likely to have inadequate motor coordination for their age. Children who started school after 4 years of age presented a 2.8 times greater risk to have inadequate appendicular coordination than the children who started school before that age. When the children from the two schools were analyzed separately to identify the factors associated within each group, in the public school the starting school age remained within the model. The children who started school after 4 years of age presented a risk 4.21 times greater for inadequate coordination. In the private school no variable remained within the model. As to lateral dominance, children with appendicular coordination showed more inconstant manual preference (p=0.0007). There is a difference in the appendicular coordination of children in the first grade of the elementary school of different socioeconomic levels. Socioeconomic factors and a child¿s late entry in school are the factors that most influence appendicular coordination / Mestrado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente

abstract: Walking and bicycling bring many merits to people, both physically and mentally. However, not everyone has an opportunity to enjoy healthy and safe bicycling and walking. Many studies suggested that access to healthy walking and bicycling is heavily related to socio-economic status. Low income population and racial minorities have poorer transportation that results in less walking and bicycling, as well as less access to public transportation. They are also under higher risks of being hit by vehicles while walking and bicycling. This research quantifies the relationship between socioeconomic factors and bicyclist and pedestrian involved traffic crash rates in order to establish an understanding of how equitable access to safe bicycling and walking is in Phoenix. The crash rates involving both bicyclists and pedestrians were categorized into two groups, minor crashes and severe crashes. Then, the OLS model was used to analyze minor and severe bicycle crash rates, and minor and severe pedestrian crash rates, respectively. There are four main results, (1) The median income of an area is always negatively related to the crash rates of bicyclists and pedestrians. The reason behind the negative correlation is that there is a very small proportion of people choosing to walk or ride bicycles as their commuting methods in the high-income areas. Consequently, there are low crash rates of pedestrians and bicyclists. (2) The minor bicycle crash rates are more related to socio-economic determinants than the severe crash rates. (3) A higher population density reduces both the minor and the severe crash rates of bicyclists and pedestrians in Phoenix. (4) A higher pedestrian commuting ratio does not reduce bicyclist and pedestrian crash rates in Phoenix. The findings from this study can provide a reference value for the government and other researchers and encourage better future decisions from policy makers. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Geography 2020

Orientador: Angela Cristina Cilense Zuanon / Banca: Elisa Maria Aparecida Giro / Banca: Jaqueline Braga Barbosa Cerqueira Leite / Resumo: Sabe-se que indivíduos com necessidades especiais frequentemente apresentam níveis precários de saúde geral e bucal, e que o perfil socioeconômico e nível de escolaridade dos pais podem influenciar negativamente nestas condições. Este estudo teve como objetivo relacionar, de acordo com a percepção dos cuidadores, a qualidade de vida de indivíduos com Síndrome de Down e Paralisia Cerebral, que frequentam instituições em tempo parcial, com suas condições dentárias, de higiene bucal, e com o perfil socioeconômico e nível de escolaridade dos pais. Foi selecionada uma amostra randômica simples de 20 indivíduos com Síndrome de Down (SD) e 23 com Paralisia Cerebral (PC) de 7 a 35 anos que frequentam instituições de Ensino Especial da cidade de Araraquara - SP. Para avaliação do impacto na qualidade de vida foi aplicado um questionário aos pais/cuidadores, resultante da combinação dos questionários "Parental-Caregivers Perceptions Questionnaire" (PCP-Q) e "Family Impact Scale" (FIS). Para caracterização socioeconômica da família e nível de escolaridade dos pais foi aplicado um questionário estruturado. Os pacientes foram examinados para avaliação do Índice de Higiene Bucal (IHB) e dos índices CPOD (Dentes Cariados, Perdidos e Obturados - dentição permanente) e/ou ceod (dentes Cariados, Extraídos e Obturados -dentição decídua). Os dados foram tabulados e os resultados analisados estatisticamente, sendo utilizado nível de significância de 5%. Verificou-se para o grupo SD um CPO-D médio... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Disabled people often have poor levels of general and oral health, and the socioeconomic profile and parental education level may influence these conditions. The aim of this study is evaluate the Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) and Cerebral Palsy (CP) attending on special shools and relate this results with their dental conditions, oral hygiene, socioeconomic profile and level of parental education. It selected a simple random sample of 20 individuals with DS and 23 individuals with CP aged 7-35, who are attending in special schools in the city of Araraquara - SP. To assess the OHRQoL and the other informations it was applied a questionnaire to parents / caregivers, resulting from a combination of "Parental-Caregivers Perceptions Questionnaire" (PCP-Q) and "Family Impact Scale" (FIS) questionnaires and socioeconomic questions. Patients were examined to assess the Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) and DMFT (Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth - permanent dentition) and / or dmft (Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth - deciduous dentition ). Data were tabulated and the results statistically analyze using a significance level of 5%. DS group had DMFT 3.4 (± 2.7); dmft 1.0 (± 2.5) and OHI 0.9 (± 0.7). The PC group had DMFT 3.7 (± 5.7); dmft of 0.3 (± 1.2) and OHI 0.9 (± 0.8). About the dependent oral health, in both groups, most caregivers considered "Good" or "Fair". About oral conditions impact in general well-being of the dependent, the DS... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The present study aimed at analysing the role of socioeconomic factors in the unequal access to health care among Kenyans. Content analysis was utilised as the principal data analysis methodology, while systems theory guided the process of addressing the research question. Relevant data was obtained from scholarly sources published in credible databases. The findings identified several socioeconomic factors accounting for unequal access to health care in Kenya. Large household size, female-headed households, and lower social class were identified as the chief social factors contributing to this problem. Poverty, low family income, low level of education, and living in informal settlements were revealed as the main economic contributors of unequal health care access. Overall, the current study affirmed that health care disparities have become a substantial human right issue in Kenya due to a combination of socioeconomic variables, such as household size, household head, social class, living conditions, education level, and place of residence.

Kenya is one of the Sub-Saharan countries that continue to experience incidences of FGM among various ethnic communities. While FGM prevalence has reduced significantly in the last decade due to government crackdowns and the adoption of relevant anti-practice laws, several Kenyan communities continue to circumcise girls and women secretly. The current study sought to examine the role of socioeconomic factors in the continuation of FGM in Kenya. The study was guided by the tenets of structural functionalism. This theory was selected because of its efficacy in explaining how institutions such as family, economy, and education contribute to the persistence of FGM among Kenyan communities. The study utilized grounded theory as the principal methodology. Research materials in this study included scholarly sources published in credible databases. The strong association between marriageability and FGM, Islam, cultural rigidity, the fear of social stigma, the view of circumcision as a rite of passage, and the perceived safety offered by medicalization have ensured the continuation of the practice. From an economic standpoint, the depiction of FGM as a prerequisite to bride price, as well as the monetization of the practice by medical practitioners and families, have contributed significantly to its persistence.

Introduktion: Fattigdom har beskrivits ge skadliga effekter på hälsan och förkortar den förväntade livslängden. Sociala och ekonomiska förhållanden påverkar hälsan genom hela livet där personer från lägre samhällsklasser har dubbelt så stor risk att utveckla allvarlig sjukdom och för tidig död än personer från högre samhällsklasser.  Syfte: Att beskriva vilka faktorer som socioekonomiskt utsatta personer upplever påverkar deras hälsa.  Metod: Litteraturstudie baserad på 11 kvalitativa originalartiklar. Sökning genomfördes i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Kvalitetsgranskning gjordes med SBUs mall “Bedömning av studier med kvalitativ metodik” (SBU, 2020). För resultatanalysen användes en manifest innehållsanalys.  Resultat: Analysen ledde till fyra kategorier: arbetsrelaterade faktorer, ekonomiska faktorer, hälsolitteracitet och stigmatisering. Deltagarna beskrev främst faktorer som ledde till sämre upplevd hälsa där arbetsrelaterade och ekonomiska konsekvenser identifierades med slitsamma arbeten, osäkra anställningar och dyra sjukvårdsutgifter. Deltagarna beskrev slutligen svårigheter att ta del av hälsoinformation samt hur stigmatisering kring deras socioekonomiska status påverkade deras möjlighet till vård, vilket gjorde att de upplevde sin hälsa som sämre.   Slutsats: Låg socioekonomisk status bidrog till att deltagarna upplevde flertalet faktorer som påverkade deras hälsa negativt. Vid vårdande av socioekonomiskt utsatta patienter behöver sjuksköterskan identifiera patientens sociala bakgrund och dess resurser samt ha en grundad empati för att rikta åtgärderna så att de passar patienten. Ytterligare forskning behövs. / Introduction: Living in poverty has been described as having damaging effects on health. At the same time poverty shortens life expectancy. Social and economic factors may impact the health throughout a person's life, whereas people from the lower social classes are at higher risk of developing serious illness and suffer from early death, compared to people from a higher social class. Aim: To describe what factors that socio-economically vulnerable people experience affects their health.  Method: A literature study based on 11 qualitative original articles. Literature searches were performed in the databases CINAHL and PubMed. Quality review was done with SBU’s template “assessment of studies with qualitative methodology” (SBU, 2020). For the result analysis, a manifest content analysis was used. Results: The analysis lead to four categories: work-related factors, economic factors, health literacy and stigma. The participants mainly described factors that led to poorer perceived health where work-related and financial consequences were identified with strenuous work, precarious employment and expensive healthcare expenses. Finally, the participants described difficulties in accessing health information and how stigmatization around their socio-economic status affected their access to care, which made them experience their health as worse. Conclusion: Low socio-economic status contributed to the participants experiencing most factors that had a negative effect on their health. When caring for socio-economically vulnerable patients, the nurse needs to identify the patient’s social background and resources and have a well-founded empathy to direct the measures so that they suit the patient. Further research is needed.

Background: Despite the societal progress made in recent decades, a gender gap in entrepreneurship persists. In Europe, there are fewer female entrepreneurs than male entrepreneurs. This issue is significant as female entrepreneurship substantially impacts economic development and social well-being. In this paper, we will investigate how different socioeconomic and individual factors affect female total entrepreneurial activity in European countries. Through our research, we aim to provide recommendations to increase the number of female entrepreneurs, remove gender-based barriers, and foster societal progress and economic growth in Europe. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of socioeconomic and individual factors on total entrepreneurial activity for women in European countries. We will specifically analyze the impacts of government support, cultural approval, insufficient access to finance, networking, training & education, and fear of failure on female entrepreneurship. Method: Using publicly available GEM data, we use a panel data study of 31 European countries and seven years, from 2013 to 2019, to investigate how socioeconomic and individual factors influence female total entrepreneurial activity. By utilizing the Hausman test and LM test, we statistically determine that the Random Effects Model (REM) is the most appropriate model to predict our data. Conclusion: The results of the REM show that both Networking and Training & Education have significant positive effects on female total entrepreneurial activity in European countries. We recommend implementing entrepreneurship education in middle or high school curricula to expose students to entrepreneurship experiences and encourage young women to pursue entrepreneurship as a career. Additionally, we recommend tailoring government policies and programs specifically to women to support female entrepreneurial activities.

No description available.

No description available.