This dissertation consists of a case study of Swedish psychology during a specific period of time. It focuses psychology as a scientific discpline, as a professionalised occupation and as a cognitive resource for policy-making. From a general science studies perspective, it aims to provide a sociological and historical analysis of the development of psychological research, psychological practice and psychology's relation to social policy-making in key areas of the welfare state in general. The case study utilises discourse analysis, analysis of archival and documentary material, interviews and bibliometric analyses. It is argued that psychologists have changed their image from being primarily academics to being clinical practitioners whose expertise has moved from differential diagnostics to psychotherapy. Professional discourse has evolved similarly to that shown to be the case in other countries, drawing extensively on rhetorics of economics, humanitarianism and facilitation and control. A critical assessment of discourse analysis and constructionism is provided, arguing for a restricted application of constructionism in science studies. Further, professional action and organisation is analysed. It is argued that the professional project pursued by psychologists is characterised by power struggles within the profession, and is an outcome of adaptation to institutional demands stemming from the labour-market. It results in a pattern of professionalisation which deviates from what is hypothesised by much professionalisation theory. Psychology's role as a cognitive resource for social policy-making is analysed in relation to claims to decisive influence made by psychologists. It is argued that psychology has played a negligible role in key areas of policy-making. The case illustrates the politicisation of science rather than the scientization of policy-making. Finally, psychology's development as a a discipline is analysed. It is argued that the changes in the system of research and higher education illustrates the increasing influence of non-cognitive factors on disciplinary development. It has provided academic psychology with potential for growth but at the same time weakened its disciplinary core. Academic psychology has been more theoretically and methodologically diverse than is usually claimed, but a rivalling knowledge ideal to the traditional academic one has been introduced by sectorial research policy.

Following Merton (1942) science studies has moved from the philosophy of science to a more sociologically minded analysis of scientific activity. This largely involves a shift away from questions that bear on the context of justification – a question of rationality and philosophy, to those that deal with the context of discovery. This thesis investigates changes in science studies in three papers: sociocultural evolutionary theories of scientific change; general trends in science studies - especially concerning the sociology of science; and a principle component analysis (PCA) that details the development and interaction between research programmes in science studies. This thesis describes the proliferation of research programmes in science studies and uses evolutionary theory to make sense of the pattern of change.

Following Merton (1942) science studies has moved from the philosophy of science to a more sociologically minded analysis of scientific activity. This largely involves a shift away from questions that bear on the context of justification – a question of rationality and philosophy, to those that deal with the context of discovery. This thesis investigates changes in science studies in three papers: sociocultural evolutionary theories of scientific change; general trends in science studies - especially concerning the sociology of science; and a principle component analysis (PCA) that details the development and interaction between research programmes in science studies. This thesis describes the proliferation of research programmes in science studies and uses evolutionary theory to make sense of the pattern of change.

This methodological investigation set out to examine the use of the Internet as a data collection tool: its potential for sampling gay and bisexual men and gathering data on sexual behaviour. The research took place in the context of the Internet and HIV study, an examination of high risk sexual behaviour among gay and bisexual men seeking sex on the Internet. The Internet and HIV study collected quantitative data using selfadministered questionnaires completed online or by pen-and-paper, and qualitative data using one-to-one interviews conducted face-to-face or online. Its design provides an invaluable opportunity for investigating Internet-based research methods. Methodological issues were explored through collection of primary data from respondents who had participated in the Internet and HIV study and secondary analysis of data collected for the study. The first area of exploration was the use of web surveys for sampling gay and bisexual men. The results indicated that participation in the Internet and HIV web survey was driven by an altruistic desire to contribute to research into sexual health promotion and HIV prevention. Drop out was most likely to occur in the early stages of the survey and minor differences in sub-group drop out were identified. Men who participated in the web survey were broadly similar to the MSM drawn from a national probability sample, but were more likely to participate in high risk sexual activity. Differences were more pronounced when the samples were restricted to London men. The second area of exploration was the effect of the Internet mode on data collection. The web survey reduced item nonresponse in comparison to the pen-and-paper survey but did not improve response to sensitive questions over and above this general mode effect. The results indicated that online synchronous interviews may be suited to a more structured format, given the difficulty of expressing complex ideas through typing in real time. It was concluded that the Internet has excellent potential for researching sexual behaviour among gay and bisexual men. It provides effective access to this population and more complete survey data than the traditional alternative. The application of online interviewing requires further exploration.

Nesta Tese de Doutorado, procuro conhecer e entender o funcionamento das configurações espaço-temporais exercidas em um laboratório de pesquisa em bioquímica, visando mostrar seus possíveis efeitos nos processos que constituem as subjetividades. O entendimento de tempo e espaço como categorias socialmente construídas levou-me a buscar compreender os processos sócio-históricos relacionados à sua construção. Inicialmente, apresento o olhar histórico que empreendi com a finalidade de mostrar a emergência das categorias tempo e espaço, entendidas como noções constitutivas de modos de pensar o mundo e a si mesmo. Com esse olhar, busco compreender as implicações dessas categorias na vida das pessoas em diferentes épocas. Para tanto, revisito alguns momentos históricos, desde a Antigüidade até a contemporaneidade, mostrando as compreensões, as necessidades e as estratégias relacionadas ao tempo e ao espaço, marcando continuidades e descontinuidades nesses períodos. A partir dessas reflexões, procuro tornar visíveis o caráter construído dessas noções e o funcionamento das configurações espaço-temporais, assim como chamar a atenção para possíveis efeitos na vida das pessoas. No segundo momento, trago as discussões e as análises do percurso investigativo desta Tese, problematizando recursos metodológicos com a intenção de mostrar os efeitos de noções modernas de tempo e espaço presentes no meu pensar e agir. Além disso, conto minhas tentativas de “capturar” o tempo e o espaço – através de fotografias, mapas, tabelas, questionários, entrevistas e observações – e como fui construindo a noção de configuração espaço-temporal ao olhar e vivenciar o funcionamento do laboratório. Para tanto, revisito experiências dessa pesquisa e traço articulações com algumas noções espaço-temporais modernas e contemporâneas a partir de autores como Zygmunt Bauman, Michel de Certeau, David Harvey e Michel Foucault. Argumento, ainda, a partir de Norbert Elias, em favor de uma mudança de foco na direção de se pensar as configurações espaço-temporais como constituidoras dos processos de subjetivação. Na última parte desta Tese, apresento o movimento que realizei na tentativa de compreender como as configurações de espaço/tempo funcionavam no laboratório. Ou seja, suas implicações nas relações entre as pessoas que por ali circulavam e nos processos que constituem as subjetividades. Para a inserção no laboratório, utilizei ferramentas de cunho etnográfico, a fim de realizar um estudo in situ, o qual me possibilitou analisar algumas construções cotidianas de tempo/espaço. Tal análise permitiu-me perceber o funcionamento de configurações espaço-temporais articuladas à virtualização/atualização, à ordem/desordem e ao governamento. O funcionamento das configurações espaço-temporais tornou-se visível em estratégias – a marcação territorial (a inclusão de objetos e as formas de compor os espaços), os não-lugares (lugares não-territorializáveis de uso coletivo e circulação rápida), as rotinas de laboratório, as diferentes tecnologias (informáticas, digitais e telecomunicação) – que promoviam diversas articulações de espaço/tempo com a finalidade de governamento (hierarquizações, vigilâncias e produtividade) das pessoas e de suas produções naquele sistema produtivo. Finalmente, este estudo permitiu-me perceber que as noções espaço-temporais, mais do que entidades neutras que figuram fora e acima deste mundo, são estratégias fabricadas neste mundo. Nos dias de hoje, tais mecanismos geram a coexistência da territorialização/desterritorialização, do individual/global, da sincronia/não-sincronia, fabricando novos agenciamentos, enunciações e subjetividades. / In this PhD Thesis, I attempt to know and comprehend the working of spacetime configurations performed in a Biochemical research laboratory, in order to understand possible effects on the processes that constitute the subjectivities. The understanding of time and space as socially constructed categories has led me to seek a comprehension on the socio-historical processes related to their construction. The thesis begins with a historical look that was undertaken to show the emergence of time and space categories – that are understood as basic notions of the ways of thinking about the world and oneself. Through this view, I mean to comprehend implications of these categories for people’s life in different times. Some historical moments, from antiquity to contemporaneousness, are revisited to show the comprehension, necessities and strategies concerning time and space, marking continuities and discontinuities in these periods. Based on such reflections, my aim is to make the character constructed by these notions and the working of space-time configurations visible, as well as to draw attention to the possible effects on people’s life. In the second moment, I bring the discussions and analyses of the investigative path of this thesis, examining methodological resources to show the effects of time and space modern notions which were present in my way of thinking and acting. Furthermore, I narrate my attempts to “capture” time and space – through photographs, maps, tables, questionnaires, interviews and observations – and how I have been constructing the notion of space-time configuration by looking and living the laboratory routine.To this end the experiences of this study are examined and articulations with some modern and contemporary space-time notions are traced from authors such as Zygmunt Bauman, Michel de Certeau, David Harvey and Michel Foucault. Using Norbert Elias’s ideas, I also argue in favor of a focus shift in terms of thinking about the space-time configurations as constituents of the subjectivity processes. In the last part of the thesis, I present the movement that was accomplished to understand how the space-time configurations functioned in the laboratory, that is the implications for relations among people who frequent there and for the processes that constitute the subjectivities. For the laboratory immersing, ethnographic tools were used to develop an in situ study, which had enabled me to examine some routine constructions of time/space. This analysis allowed me to perceive the working of space-time configurations, which are articulated with virtualization/update, order/disorder and government. The working of space-time configurations has become evident in strategies – such as the territorial marking (through the inclusion of objects and ways of compounding the spaces), the non-places (non-territorialized places of collective usage and fast circulation), the laboratory routine, the different technologies (information, digital and telecommunication technologies) – that had been promoting several space-time articulations with the purpose of government (hierarchy, control, productivity) of people and their production within that productive system. Finally, this study made it possible for me to understand that space-time notions, more than neutral entities that are out and above this world, are strategies produced in this world. At the present time, these mechanisms generate the coexistence of territorialization/deterritorialization, individualization/globalization, synchronization/non-synchronization, producing new rules, propositions and subjectivities

Nesta Tese de Doutorado, procuro conhecer e entender o funcionamento das configurações espaço-temporais exercidas em um laboratório de pesquisa em bioquímica, visando mostrar seus possíveis efeitos nos processos que constituem as subjetividades. O entendimento de tempo e espaço como categorias socialmente construídas levou-me a buscar compreender os processos sócio-históricos relacionados à sua construção. Inicialmente, apresento o olhar histórico que empreendi com a finalidade de mostrar a emergência das categorias tempo e espaço, entendidas como noções constitutivas de modos de pensar o mundo e a si mesmo. Com esse olhar, busco compreender as implicações dessas categorias na vida das pessoas em diferentes épocas. Para tanto, revisito alguns momentos históricos, desde a Antigüidade até a contemporaneidade, mostrando as compreensões, as necessidades e as estratégias relacionadas ao tempo e ao espaço, marcando continuidades e descontinuidades nesses períodos. A partir dessas reflexões, procuro tornar visíveis o caráter construído dessas noções e o funcionamento das configurações espaço-temporais, assim como chamar a atenção para possíveis efeitos na vida das pessoas. No segundo momento, trago as discussões e as análises do percurso investigativo desta Tese, problematizando recursos metodológicos com a intenção de mostrar os efeitos de noções modernas de tempo e espaço presentes no meu pensar e agir. Além disso, conto minhas tentativas de “capturar” o tempo e o espaço – através de fotografias, mapas, tabelas, questionários, entrevistas e observações – e como fui construindo a noção de configuração espaço-temporal ao olhar e vivenciar o funcionamento do laboratório. Para tanto, revisito experiências dessa pesquisa e traço articulações com algumas noções espaço-temporais modernas e contemporâneas a partir de autores como Zygmunt Bauman, Michel de Certeau, David Harvey e Michel Foucault. Argumento, ainda, a partir de Norbert Elias, em favor de uma mudança de foco na direção de se pensar as configurações espaço-temporais como constituidoras dos processos de subjetivação. Na última parte desta Tese, apresento o movimento que realizei na tentativa de compreender como as configurações de espaço/tempo funcionavam no laboratório. Ou seja, suas implicações nas relações entre as pessoas que por ali circulavam e nos processos que constituem as subjetividades. Para a inserção no laboratório, utilizei ferramentas de cunho etnográfico, a fim de realizar um estudo in situ, o qual me possibilitou analisar algumas construções cotidianas de tempo/espaço. Tal análise permitiu-me perceber o funcionamento de configurações espaço-temporais articuladas à virtualização/atualização, à ordem/desordem e ao governamento. O funcionamento das configurações espaço-temporais tornou-se visível em estratégias – a marcação territorial (a inclusão de objetos e as formas de compor os espaços), os não-lugares (lugares não-territorializáveis de uso coletivo e circulação rápida), as rotinas de laboratório, as diferentes tecnologias (informáticas, digitais e telecomunicação) – que promoviam diversas articulações de espaço/tempo com a finalidade de governamento (hierarquizações, vigilâncias e produtividade) das pessoas e de suas produções naquele sistema produtivo. Finalmente, este estudo permitiu-me perceber que as noções espaço-temporais, mais do que entidades neutras que figuram fora e acima deste mundo, são estratégias fabricadas neste mundo. Nos dias de hoje, tais mecanismos geram a coexistência da territorialização/desterritorialização, do individual/global, da sincronia/não-sincronia, fabricando novos agenciamentos, enunciações e subjetividades. / In this PhD Thesis, I attempt to know and comprehend the working of spacetime configurations performed in a Biochemical research laboratory, in order to understand possible effects on the processes that constitute the subjectivities. The understanding of time and space as socially constructed categories has led me to seek a comprehension on the socio-historical processes related to their construction. The thesis begins with a historical look that was undertaken to show the emergence of time and space categories – that are understood as basic notions of the ways of thinking about the world and oneself. Through this view, I mean to comprehend implications of these categories for people’s life in different times. Some historical moments, from antiquity to contemporaneousness, are revisited to show the comprehension, necessities and strategies concerning time and space, marking continuities and discontinuities in these periods. Based on such reflections, my aim is to make the character constructed by these notions and the working of space-time configurations visible, as well as to draw attention to the possible effects on people’s life. In the second moment, I bring the discussions and analyses of the investigative path of this thesis, examining methodological resources to show the effects of time and space modern notions which were present in my way of thinking and acting. Furthermore, I narrate my attempts to “capture” time and space – through photographs, maps, tables, questionnaires, interviews and observations – and how I have been constructing the notion of space-time configuration by looking and living the laboratory routine.To this end the experiences of this study are examined and articulations with some modern and contemporary space-time notions are traced from authors such as Zygmunt Bauman, Michel de Certeau, David Harvey and Michel Foucault. Using Norbert Elias’s ideas, I also argue in favor of a focus shift in terms of thinking about the space-time configurations as constituents of the subjectivity processes. In the last part of the thesis, I present the movement that was accomplished to understand how the space-time configurations functioned in the laboratory, that is the implications for relations among people who frequent there and for the processes that constitute the subjectivities. For the laboratory immersing, ethnographic tools were used to develop an in situ study, which had enabled me to examine some routine constructions of time/space. This analysis allowed me to perceive the working of space-time configurations, which are articulated with virtualization/update, order/disorder and government. The working of space-time configurations has become evident in strategies – such as the territorial marking (through the inclusion of objects and ways of compounding the spaces), the non-places (non-territorialized places of collective usage and fast circulation), the laboratory routine, the different technologies (information, digital and telecommunication technologies) – that had been promoting several space-time articulations with the purpose of government (hierarchy, control, productivity) of people and their production within that productive system. Finally, this study made it possible for me to understand that space-time notions, more than neutral entities that are out and above this world, are strategies produced in this world. At the present time, these mechanisms generate the coexistence of territorialization/deterritorialization, individualization/globalization, synchronization/non-synchronization, producing new rules, propositions and subjectivities

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-05-22T19:06:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseARV.pdf: 1249542 bytes, checksum: 025d40612607539f3177849b5780a6b5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-29T19:12:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseARV.pdf: 1249542 bytes, checksum: 025d40612607539f3177849b5780a6b5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-29T19:12:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseARV.pdf: 1249542 bytes, checksum: 025d40612607539f3177849b5780a6b5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-29T19:22:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseARV.pdf: 1249542 bytes, checksum: 025d40612607539f3177849b5780a6b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Our goal in this study is to analyze the production, formation and acting of the authorscoordinators of the two most relevant chapters of the fifth report of the IPCC Working Group II (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) that deal with human dimensions of climate change, and so discuss the contribution of social sciences around this debate. The discussion of the thesis is placed within a framework of interdisciplinary, in which demand for scientific cooperation between different areas appears as a necessity imposed by environmental issues. Our hypothesis is that the fact the interdisciplinary is happening, but when it occurs, that occurs in a hierarchical fashion, where the strands of the social sciences participating in the debate, only do so when they use the same parameters used by the ruling science in discussions climate change. The research shows that the hypothesis is partially confirmed, but there is a progressive tendency to incorporate the classic areas of social sciences, such as anthropology, political science and sociology by the IPCC. / Nosso objetivo neste trabalho é analisar a produção, formação e atuação dos autorescoordenadores dos dois capítulos mais relevantes do quinto relatório do grupo de trabalho II do IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) que versam sobre dimensões humanas das mudanças climáticas, e assim discutir a contribuição das Ciências Sociais em torno deste debate. A discussão da tese é colocada dentro de um quadro de interdisciplinaridade, no qual a demanda por cooperação cientifica entre diferentes áreas aparece como uma necessidade imposta pelas questões ambientais. Nossa hipótese é a de que a interdisciplinaridade de fato vem ocorrendo, mas quando ocorre, ocorre de maneira hierárquica, onde as vertentes das ciências sociais que participam do debate, somente o fazem quando se valem dos mesmos parâmetros utilizados pelas ciências dominantes nas discussões sobre mudanças climáticas. A pesquisa mostra que a hipótese parcialmente se confirma, mas observa-se uma tendência progressiva de incorporação das áreas clássicas das ciências sociais, como antropologia, ciência politica e sociologia por parte do IPCC.

Nesta Tese de Doutorado, procuro conhecer e entender o funcionamento das configurações espaço-temporais exercidas em um laboratório de pesquisa em bioquímica, visando mostrar seus possíveis efeitos nos processos que constituem as subjetividades. O entendimento de tempo e espaço como categorias socialmente construídas levou-me a buscar compreender os processos sócio-históricos relacionados à sua construção. Inicialmente, apresento o olhar histórico que empreendi com a finalidade de mostrar a emergência das categorias tempo e espaço, entendidas como noções constitutivas de modos de pensar o mundo e a si mesmo. Com esse olhar, busco compreender as implicações dessas categorias na vida das pessoas em diferentes épocas. Para tanto, revisito alguns momentos históricos, desde a Antigüidade até a contemporaneidade, mostrando as compreensões, as necessidades e as estratégias relacionadas ao tempo e ao espaço, marcando continuidades e descontinuidades nesses períodos. A partir dessas reflexões, procuro tornar visíveis o caráter construído dessas noções e o funcionamento das configurações espaço-temporais, assim como chamar a atenção para possíveis efeitos na vida das pessoas. No segundo momento, trago as discussões e as análises do percurso investigativo desta Tese, problematizando recursos metodológicos com a intenção de mostrar os efeitos de noções modernas de tempo e espaço presentes no meu pensar e agir. Além disso, conto minhas tentativas de “capturar” o tempo e o espaço – através de fotografias, mapas, tabelas, questionários, entrevistas e observações – e como fui construindo a noção de configuração espaço-temporal ao olhar e vivenciar o funcionamento do laboratório. Para tanto, revisito experiências dessa pesquisa e traço articulações com algumas noções espaço-temporais modernas e contemporâneas a partir de autores como Zygmunt Bauman, Michel de Certeau, David Harvey e Michel Foucault. Argumento, ainda, a partir de Norbert Elias, em favor de uma mudança de foco na direção de se pensar as configurações espaço-temporais como constituidoras dos processos de subjetivação. Na última parte desta Tese, apresento o movimento que realizei na tentativa de compreender como as configurações de espaço/tempo funcionavam no laboratório. Ou seja, suas implicações nas relações entre as pessoas que por ali circulavam e nos processos que constituem as subjetividades. Para a inserção no laboratório, utilizei ferramentas de cunho etnográfico, a fim de realizar um estudo in situ, o qual me possibilitou analisar algumas construções cotidianas de tempo/espaço. Tal análise permitiu-me perceber o funcionamento de configurações espaço-temporais articuladas à virtualização/atualização, à ordem/desordem e ao governamento. O funcionamento das configurações espaço-temporais tornou-se visível em estratégias – a marcação territorial (a inclusão de objetos e as formas de compor os espaços), os não-lugares (lugares não-territorializáveis de uso coletivo e circulação rápida), as rotinas de laboratório, as diferentes tecnologias (informáticas, digitais e telecomunicação) – que promoviam diversas articulações de espaço/tempo com a finalidade de governamento (hierarquizações, vigilâncias e produtividade) das pessoas e de suas produções naquele sistema produtivo. Finalmente, este estudo permitiu-me perceber que as noções espaço-temporais, mais do que entidades neutras que figuram fora e acima deste mundo, são estratégias fabricadas neste mundo. Nos dias de hoje, tais mecanismos geram a coexistência da territorialização/desterritorialização, do individual/global, da sincronia/não-sincronia, fabricando novos agenciamentos, enunciações e subjetividades. / In this PhD Thesis, I attempt to know and comprehend the working of spacetime configurations performed in a Biochemical research laboratory, in order to understand possible effects on the processes that constitute the subjectivities. The understanding of time and space as socially constructed categories has led me to seek a comprehension on the socio-historical processes related to their construction. The thesis begins with a historical look that was undertaken to show the emergence of time and space categories – that are understood as basic notions of the ways of thinking about the world and oneself. Through this view, I mean to comprehend implications of these categories for people’s life in different times. Some historical moments, from antiquity to contemporaneousness, are revisited to show the comprehension, necessities and strategies concerning time and space, marking continuities and discontinuities in these periods. Based on such reflections, my aim is to make the character constructed by these notions and the working of space-time configurations visible, as well as to draw attention to the possible effects on people’s life. In the second moment, I bring the discussions and analyses of the investigative path of this thesis, examining methodological resources to show the effects of time and space modern notions which were present in my way of thinking and acting. Furthermore, I narrate my attempts to “capture” time and space – through photographs, maps, tables, questionnaires, interviews and observations – and how I have been constructing the notion of space-time configuration by looking and living the laboratory routine.To this end the experiences of this study are examined and articulations with some modern and contemporary space-time notions are traced from authors such as Zygmunt Bauman, Michel de Certeau, David Harvey and Michel Foucault. Using Norbert Elias’s ideas, I also argue in favor of a focus shift in terms of thinking about the space-time configurations as constituents of the subjectivity processes. In the last part of the thesis, I present the movement that was accomplished to understand how the space-time configurations functioned in the laboratory, that is the implications for relations among people who frequent there and for the processes that constitute the subjectivities. For the laboratory immersing, ethnographic tools were used to develop an in situ study, which had enabled me to examine some routine constructions of time/space. This analysis allowed me to perceive the working of space-time configurations, which are articulated with virtualization/update, order/disorder and government. The working of space-time configurations has become evident in strategies – such as the territorial marking (through the inclusion of objects and ways of compounding the spaces), the non-places (non-territorialized places of collective usage and fast circulation), the laboratory routine, the different technologies (information, digital and telecommunication technologies) – that had been promoting several space-time articulations with the purpose of government (hierarchy, control, productivity) of people and their production within that productive system. Finally, this study made it possible for me to understand that space-time notions, more than neutral entities that are out and above this world, are strategies produced in this world. At the present time, these mechanisms generate the coexistence of territorialization/deterritorialization, individualization/globalization, synchronization/non-synchronization, producing new rules, propositions and subjectivities

Esta dissertação de mestrado propõe analisar a seguinte questão: saber em que medida o habitus mostra ser um conceito relevante para as principais teorias sobre o conhecimento científico e tentar detectar quais são os fatores prováveis de sua omissão nas pesquisas em filosofia da ciência. No intuito de estudar a concepção de habitus científico e seus desdobramentos na história da filosofia, selecionei cinco pensadores consagrados que tratam do tema: Inicio com Aristóteles e sua teoria da hexis demonstrativa, passo ao estudo da negação do habitus científico na filosofia de Descartes; estudo a seguir, a posição de Hume que atribuía ao hábito à possibilidade de justificação do conhecimento científico; passo então pelas críticas de Kant à teoria humeana do hábito e, por fim, analiso as teorias contemporâneas sobre o conceito de habitus na sociologia da ciência de Pierre Bourdieu. / This master dissertation proposes to analyzes the following question: In what measure the concept of habitus is relevant the main theories of scientific knowledge and try to detect which are probable factors involved in its omission from philosophy of science´s researches. In order to study the conception of scientific habitus and its developments in the history of philosophy, I selected five philosophers which treat: I begin with Aristotle and its theorie of demonstrative hexis; I pass to the study of Descartes denial of a scientific habitus; I study Hume position, that attributed to habitus the possibility of justifying scientific knowledge; I pass through Kant´s critiques Hume´s of habit and finally I analyse the contemporary theories about the concept of habitus in Pierre Bourdieu\'s sociology of science.

In this theoretically focused thesis I make use of the example of vaccination against infectious diseases to show how expert institutions define value of its products through constructing a continuity of its rational and moral dimensions. This continuity allows rational and moral arguments to naturally complement themselves in a coherent discoursive and procedural frame which I call an institutional regime of the value of vaccination. Regarding general public, its crucial products are sanctions in the form of imputing decisional competence to those who vaccinate and decisional incompetence to those who do not. This competence is understood as both sign of optimal rationality and morally responsible behaviour which takes into account the common good. But besides external imputation, a decisional competence is also acquired through individual activity, which takes on a special importance for those who reject vaccination. They manage the imputations of incompetence through constituting alternative definitions of the value of health care in which they stress the importance of natural treatment and individual responsibility. These definitions of value manifest both on the level of narrowly focused rational discussion of expert recommendations and the level of more general ideas about legitimate ways to...