Kiekvieną dieną žmonės ir ypatingai pradinių klasių mokiniai susiduria su tobulėjančiomis technologijomis (internetu, televizija, kompiuteriniais žaidimais) ir dideliais įvairios informacijos srautais. Reikia sugebėti nepasiklysti tarp jų ir atsirinkti tai, kas svarbu bei reikalinga. Todėl daug dėmesio reikia skirti jau pradinėse klasėse, kad padėtume mokiniams susivokti, kokia pateikiama informacija jiems yra naudinga, o kokia ne. Taigi šiuos gebėjimus reikia ugdyti ir ugdytis jau pradinėse klasėse. Vaikai į mokyklą ateina norėdami įgyti kuo daugiau svarbios ir naudingos informacijos. Todėl pradinių klasių mokytojas turi puoselėti ir stiprinti vaikų norą įgyti naujų žinių ir gebėjimą jomis tinkamai naudotis. Jis turi juos išmokyti naudotis vadovėliais, kad bet kada juose sugebėtų susirasti reikiamą informaciją. Todėl svarbus pedagogų darbas išmokyti vaikus skaityti ne tik grožinius, bet ir negrožinius tekstus. Mokytojas turi nuo pirmos klasės padėti pradinių klasių mokiniui išmokti ieškoti ir susirasti informaciją ne tik internete, bet ir vadovėliuose, kurie yra vieni iš pagrindinių pagalbininkų mokymosi metais. Tyrimo tikslas – ištirti pradinių klasių mokinių gebėjimus naudotis vadovėliu kaip informacijos šaltiniu. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Apibendrinti informacijos šaltinio sampratą; 2. Aptarti psichologinius skaitytojo ugdymo pradinėse klasėse aspektus; 3. Apžvelgti pedagoginius skaitytojo ugdymo pradinėse klasėse aspektus: • Apibūdinti skaitytojo ugdymą mokėjimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Every day people and especially pupils from the elementary school confront modern technologies (internet, television, computer games) and big sources of various information. It is very important to choose what is important and necessary. For this reason we should pay a very big attention for elementary school, in order to help pupil understand which given information is necessary and which is not. For this reason these abilities should be already developed in elementary school. Children come to school willing to get a lot of necessary and useful information. For this reason a teacher of elementary school has to cherish and strengthen children wish to get new knowledge and abilities to use them properly. He has to teach them how to use coursebooks, in order children could find necessary information. Thus teachers has to teach children to read not only fiction, but also nonfiction. Since the first grade the teacher has to teach children how to look for and find the necessary information not only in the internet, but also in the coursebooks that are one of the main helpers during learning. The purpose of the research – to explore the abilities of elementary school pupils in using a coursebook as a source of information. The tasks of the research: 1. Generalize the concept of a source of information; 2. Discuss psychological education aspects of a reader in elementary school; 3. Overlook pedagogical education aspects of a reader in elementary school: • Describe reader‘s... [to full text]

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No atual contexto, em que se faz amplo uso das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs) em processos de ensino-aprendizagem, este trabalho teve como ponto de partida a necessidade de se investigar os desafios, de ordem técnica e informacional, presentes no desenvolvimento e uso de Recursos Educacionais Abertos (REAs). Tendo os usuários (aprendizes) como protagonistas em tais processos e considerando suas necessidades informacionais, buscou-se refletir sobre os REAs na perspectiva da Ciência da Informação. A pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa e natureza exploratória, foi desenvolvida com base em análise da literatura e estudo de caso em plataformas abertas de REAs, cujo acesso é público e de iniciativa do Ministério da Educação (MEC), configurando-se política pública. Dentre os resultados, verificou-se que, como fonte de informação, os REAs têm o potencial de viabilizar a apropriação da informação pelos seus usuários, o que ocorre a partir de uma interface digital. Constatou-se que, para fomentar tal apropriação, a interface, disponibilizada e adaptada aos diversos contextos de uso, deve funcionar como um espaço de mediação, o qual é oferecido aos usuários para acesso e uso dos REAs. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que, dentre os desafios presentes na produção e no uso de REAs, destaca-se a devida compreensão de variáveis como: linguagens, fluxos de informação, instituições, técnicas, contextos de produção e uso, e os usuários de tais recursos, incluindo compreensão de aspectos culturais, uma vez que os usuários (aprendizes) são os protagonistas de todo o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. / In the current context, in which the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are widely used in teaching-learning processes, this work had as its starting point the need to investigate the technical and informational challenges present in the development and use of Open Educational Resources (OERs). Considering users (students) as protagonists in such processes and their informational needs, we sought to reflect on the OERs in the perspective of Information Science. The research, with a qualitative and exploratory approaches, was developed based on analysis of the literature and a case study on open platforms of OERs, whose access is public and on the initiative of the Brazilian Ministério da Educação (MEC, in English, Ministry of Education), setting up public policy. Among the results, it was verified that, as a source of information, OERs have the potential to enable the appropriation of information by its users, which occurs from a digital interface. It was found that, to promote such appropriation, the interface, available and adapted to the different contexts of use, should function as a space of mediation, which is offered to users to access and use of OERs. In this way, it was concluded that, among the challenges presents in the production and use of OERs, we must highlight the proper understanding of variables such as: languages, information flows, institutions, techniques, production and use contexts, and users of such resources, including understanding cultural aspects, since the users (students) are the protagonists of the entire teaching-learning process.

No atual contexto, em que se faz amplo uso das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs) em processos de ensino-aprendizagem, este trabalho teve como ponto de partida a necessidade de se investigar os desafios, de ordem técnica e informacional, presentes no desenvolvimento e uso de Recursos Educacionais Abertos (REAs). Tendo os usuários (aprendizes) como protagonistas em tais processos e considerando suas necessidades informacionais, buscou-se refletir sobre os REAs na perspectiva da Ciência da Informação. A pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa e natureza exploratória, foi desenvolvida com base em análise da literatura e estudo de caso em plataformas abertas de REAs, cujo acesso é público e de iniciativa do Ministério da Educação (MEC), configurando-se política pública. Dentre os resultados, verificou-se que, como fonte de informação, os REAs têm o potencial de viabilizar a apropriação da informação pelos seus usuários, o que ocorre a partir de uma interface digital. Constatou-se que, para fomentar tal apropriação, a interface, disponibilizada e adaptada aos diversos contextos de uso, deve funcionar como um espaço de mediação, o qual é oferecido aos usuários para acesso e uso dos REAs. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que, dentre os desafios presentes na produção e no uso de REAs, destaca-se a devida compreensão de variáveis como: linguagens, fluxos de informação, instituições, técnicas, contextos de produção e uso, e os usuários de tais recursos, incluindo compreensão de aspectos culturais, uma vez que os usuários (aprendizes) são os protagonistas de todo o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. / In the current context, in which the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are widely used in teaching-learning processes, this work had as its starting point the need to investigate the technical and informational challenges present in the development and use of Open Educational Resources (OERs). Considering users (students) as protagonists in such processes and their informational needs, we sought to reflect on the OERs in the perspective of Information Science. The research, with a qualitative and exploratory approaches, was developed based on analysis of the literature and a case study on open platforms of OERs, whose access is public and on the initiative of the Brazilian Ministério da Educação (MEC, in English, Ministry of Education), setting up public policy. Among the results, it was verified that, as a source of information, OERs have the potential to enable the appropriation of information by its users, which occurs from a digital interface. It was found that, to promote such appropriation, the interface, available and adapted to the different contexts of use, should function as a space of mediation, which is offered to users to access and use of OERs. In this way, it was concluded that, among the challenges presents in the production and use of OERs, we must highlight the proper understanding of variables such as: languages, information flows, institutions, techniques, production and use contexts, and users of such resources, including understanding cultural aspects, since the users (students) are the protagonists of the entire teaching-learning process.

Submitted by Valdinei Souza (neisouza@hotmail.com) on 2015-10-07T19:33:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SONIA MARIA FERREIRA DA SILVA-POSICI (2).pdf: 1514206 bytes, checksum: d05e2e92e88824ab79e213761e13a8a0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Urania Araujo (urania@ufba.br) on 2015-10-29T18:28:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SONIA MARIA FERREIRA DA SILVA-POSICI (2).pdf: 1514206 bytes, checksum: d05e2e92e88824ab79e213761e13a8a0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-29T18:28:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SONIA MARIA FERREIRA DA SILVA-POSICI (2).pdf: 1514206 bytes, checksum: d05e2e92e88824ab79e213761e13a8a0 (MD5) / Pesquisa acerca da fotografia como fonte de informação para subsidiar pesquisas nas várias áreas do conhecimento. Universo pesquisado arquivo pessoal de Sílvio Robatto, arquiteto, fotógrafo e professor da Universidade Federal da Bahia. Esta figura insigne da inteligência da Bahia dedicou grande parte de sua vida a fotografar algumas temáticas referente à cultura baiana tais como : manifestações religiosas, populares e culturais (2 de julho, lavagem do Bonfim, carnaval, festa Iemanjá); arquitetura barroca; embarcações; arquitetura urbana da cidade de Salvador; espetáculo de dança e de teatro, que ocorreram em Salvador desde a década de 50. A arte de fotografar legou à família e à sociedade um rico acervo fotográfico que retrata a cultura baiana. Trata-se de documentação de imensa relevância que se encontra no anonimato e sem visibilidade. A partir desse arquivo fotográfico, apresentaremos pesquisa aplicada, descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa e elementos quantitativos, fundamentada na observação e análise do arquivo em foco. Como resultado, apresentamos estudos realizados na área da ciência da informação (CI) e da descrição arquivística, com proposta de modelo de metodologia a ser aplicada para representar a informação do documento fotográfico, de modo que possibilite a sua recuperação e disseminação. / Abstract-This research is about photography as a source of information to support research in many areas of knowledge. Universe researched of personnel file Silvio Robatto, architect, photographer and professor at the Federal University of Bahia. This outstanding figure of intelligence of Bahia devoted much of his life to photographing some issues concerning the Bahian culture such as religious events, and popular culture (July 2, Washing of Bonfim, Carnival, Party of Yemanja); baroque architecture, craft, urban architecture of the city of Salvador, dance performance and theater, which occurred in Salvador since the 50s. His art of shooting left the family and society, a rich photographic collection portraying the Bahian culture. The documentation of his art is of immense importance and is anonymous and no visibility yet. From this photographic archive, we present descriptive applied research, with qualitative approach and quantitative elements based on observation and analysis of the file in focus. As a result, we present studies in the area of information science (CI) and the archival description as proposal of methodology model to be applied to represent the information of the photographic document in a way that facilitates their retrieval and of its dissemination.

Intresset kring hälsosam mat tycks vara större än någonsin. Vi matas med olika råd från experter, bloggar, myndigheter och vänner som berättar för oss hur vi ska äta för att uppnå god hälsa. Inte sällan ser råden olika ut beroende på vilken källa de kommer ifrån. Detta kan leda till en förvirrad bild av hälsa och vilka kostråd som man som konsument egentligen bör följa. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka unga kvinnors syn på vad som är en hälsosam kost. Studien syftar till att erhålla en djupare förståelse kring olika uppfattningar om relationen mellan kost och hälsa. I denna studie har en kvalitativ metod i form av fokusgruppsintervjuer använts. Materialet har sedan analyserats utifrån Belascos teoretiska ramverk om den kulinariska triangeln av motsättningar. Resultaten visar att hälsosam kost är ett balanserande mellan exempelvis det njutningsfulla och det förbjuda. Kvinnorna har en subjektiv uppfattning om vad som är hälsosamt och begreppet präglas därmed av en individuell tolkning. Vidare ses hälsosam kost som något hemlagat. Resultaten visar även att hälsosam kost är press och påtryckningar. Exempelvis upplever informanterna ångest och prestationskrav kring att äta på ett visst sätt. Kvinnorna får sin information om kost från olika källor, men litar mest på sina egna bedömningar. Faktorer som speglar valet av mat hos unga kvinnor är främst kopplade till identitet samt ansvar för miljön och den egna hälsan. Utifrån denna studie kan det dras slutsatser om att hälsosam kost upplevs individuellt olika. Vad som ses som hälsosamt för en person kan ses som mindre hälsosamt hos en annan. För att uppnå balans och välbefinnande skapar unga kvinnor sin egen bild av hälsa. Utifrån offentliga råd och råd från familj och vänner, gör kvinnorna sin egen bedömning och denna ses även som mest trovärdig. Det kan därmed ses som en utmaning för exempelvis myndigheter att nå ut med evidensbaserade råd om hälsa och kost. / The interest around healthy food seems to be larger than ever. Daily we receive different advice from experts, bloggers, authority and friends who tell us what we should eat to achieve good health. The advice is often different depending who the sender is. This could lead to a confused image of health and what dietary advice you as a consumer should follow. The aim of this study is to examine young women’s view of what characterizes a healthy diet. The purpose is to obtain a deeper understanding around different perceptions regarding the relation between food and health. This study includes a qualitative method and focus groups. The data has been analyzed through Belasco’s theory about the culinary triangle of contradictions. The results show that healthy food is a balance between for example the enjoyable and the forbidden. The women have a subjective perception of what they consider healthy and the concept is therefore characterized by an individual interpretation. Furthermore healthy food is seen as something that is homemade. The results also show that healthy food is a pressure. For example the informants are experiencing demands to perform and anxiety regarding eating in a particular way. The women receive their information from different sources, but depend mostly on their own assessments. Factors that have an impact on the choice of food for the young women are mainly linked to identity and responsibility for the environment and their own health. Based on this study conclusions can be drawn that healthy food is perceived individually different. What is seen as healthy varies between individuals. To achieve balance and well being young women create their own picture of health. Based on public advice and advice from family and friends, women form a personal view of healthy food, which is seen as most reliable. It can thus be seen as a challenge for authorities to reach out to the public with evidence based advices regarding health and food.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T15:23:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2950281 bytes, checksum: 58135672a4dfb023a8ad9892641ba949 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present study analyses the editorial production in Paraíba State in the period from 1912 to 1942, specially the production which is found in the literary columns entitled Bibliographia (Bibliography), Livro e Livros Novos (Book and New books) which were issued on the doctrinaire and informative Newspaper << A Imprensa >> established on May, the 27th, 1897 by the first bishop and archbishop in Paraíba State Dom Adaucto Miranda Henriques. A theoretical and methodological plan was adopted as a documentary research in the perspective of Aróstegui (2006), still associated with the theoretical precepts of Cultural History and with its interrelationship with Information Science. The research took as an analytical corpus four hundred and eight authors mainly male of Brazilian nationality in which they presented five hundred and thirty-four titles issued in their majority by Brazilian publishers, prevailingly the literary type. In respect to that we concluded that the newspapers are sources of information and memory of editorial production in Paraíba State and then we concluded the composition of this first edition. Notwithstanding, it s obvious that studying the newspaper << A Imprensa>> (The Press), seeking to understand its plots means realizing it as means of information and memory of the editorial production in Paraíba State, enabling in this way to understand the meanders of the production, circulation and advertising of literary works. / Analisa a produção editorial paraibana no período de 1912 a 1942, especificamente a produção contemplada nas colunas literárias Bibliographia, Livro e Livros Novos publicadas no Jornal doutrinário e noticioso <<A Imprensa>> criado no dia 27 de maio de 1897 pelo primeiro bispo e arcebispo na Paraíba Dom Adaucto Miranda Henriques. Adotou-se como plano teórico-metodológico a pesquisa documental na perspectiva de Aróstegui (2006), associada ainda aos preceitos teóricos da História Cultural e sua inter-relação com a Ciência da Informação. A pesquisa tomou como corpus analítico quatrocentos e oito autores, predominantemente masculino, de nacionalidade brasileira, no qual apresentaram quinhentos e trinta e quatro títulos de livros publicados, em sua maioria, pelas casas editoriais brasileiras prevalecendo o gênero literário. Nesse sentido concluiu-se que os jornais constituem fontes de informação e memória da produção editorial paraibana e, assim, fechamos a redação desta primeira edição. Contudo, fica patente que estudar o jornal <<A Imprensa>> buscando compreender suas tramas é percebê-lo enquanto veículo de informação e memória da produção editorial paraibana, possibilitando desse modo compreender os meandros da produção, circulação e divulgação de obras e seus respectivos autores, numa relação dialética entre o local e o nacional.

Introduction : La pandémie de COVID-19 a eu un impact négatif sur la santé mentale de la population. Les médias sociaux ont aussi largement contribué à la propagation des théories du complot sur la pandémie. Cependant, l’impact spécifique des diverses sources d’information et des croyances complotistes sur le fardeau psychologique de la pandémie au Canada reste encore méconnu. Objectifs : Ce mémoire vise à mesurer l’association entre l’exposition à différentes sources d’information sur la pandémie et les symptômes anxiodépressifs dans la population adulte du Canada, puis à analyser le rôle modérateur des croyances complotistes sur cette relation. Méthodes : Il s’agit d’une analyse secondaire des données d’une enquête transversale internationale en ligne à propos de l’impact des communications médiatiques sur les réactions psychologiques et comportementales à la pandémie. Les données analysées sont celles des participants canadiens de la collecte de novembre 2020 (n=9 522 adultes). Les quartiles (Q) d’intensité d’utilisation des sources institutionnelles, des médias traditionnels et des sources informelles (ex. : médias sociaux) ont été inclus dans des analyses de régression logistique multivariable ayant pour variables dépendantes les symptômes anxieux (GAD-7) ou dépressifs (PHQ-9). Dans des modèles subséquents, l’ajout d’un terme d’interaction a permis de tester l’effet modérateur des croyances complotistes sur l’association entre l’utilisation des sources informelles et les symptômes anxiodépressifs. Résultats : Une utilisation élevée des sources informelles est associée à une plus grande probabilité de symptômes anxieux (Q4 : ratio de cotes ajusté (RCa)=1,35 [IC95% : 1,12-1,64]), mais pas dépressifs. L’utilisation des sources institutionnelles est associée à une probabilité accrue de symptômes anxieux (Q3 : RCa=1,28 [1,07-1,52] ; Q4 : RCa=1,46 [1,20-1,78]) et dépressifs (Q4 : RCa=1,41 [1,17-1,69]). Les résultats pour l’utilisation des médias traditionnels ne sont pas statistiquement significatifs. Les croyances complotistes sont associées à une probabilité plus élevée de symptômes anxieux (Q3 : RCa=1,34 [1,10-1,62] ; Q4 : RCa=1,94 [1,60-2,35]) et dépressifs (Q2 : RCa=1,31 [1,10-1,56] ; Q3 : RCa=1,44 [1,21-1,73] ; Q4 : RCa=2,43 [2,03-2,92]). Toutefois, l’interaction entre les croyances complotistes et les sources informelles d’information n’est pas statistiquement significative. Conclusion : Ces résultats suggèrent la possibilité de moduler les interventions de santé publique en fonction des habitudes de consommation de l’information et du niveau de croyances complotistes pour mieux cibler et soutenir les personnes présentant un risque accru de développer des symptômes anxieux ou dépressifs. / Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the mental health of the population. Social media and their display algorithms have also made it possible to disseminate conspiracy theories about the pandemic in the public space. However, the contribution of various sources of information and conspiratorial beliefs to the psychological burden of the pandemic in Canada is not well known. Objective: This thesis aims to measure the association between exposure to different sources of information on the pandemic and anxio-depressive symptoms in the general adult population of Canada, then to analyze the moderating role of conspiracy beliefs on this association. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from an international online cross-sectional survey about the impact of media communications on psychological and behavioral reactions to the pandemic. The data analyzed are those of Canadian participants from the November 2020 collection phase (n=9,522 adults). Quartiles (Q) of intensity of use of institutional sources, traditional media and informal sources (including social media) were included in logistic regression analyzes with anxious (GAD-7) or depressive (PHQ-9) symptoms as dependent variables. An interaction term between conspiratorial beliefs and informal sources was added in separate models to examine their potential joint effect. Results: Significant use of informal sources is associated with a greater probability of having anxious symptoms (Q4: adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.35 [95% CI: 1.12-1.64]), but not depressive symptoms. The use of institutional sources is associated with an increased probability of both anxiety symptoms (Q3: aOR=1.28 [1.07-1.52]; Q4: aOR=1.46 [1.20-1. 78]) and depression symptoms (Q4: aOR=1.41 [1.17-1.69]). The use of traditional media is not associated with anxious or depressive symptoms. Conspiratorial beliefs are associated with an increased likelihood of symptoms that are both anxious (Q3: aOR=1.34 [1.10-1.62]; Q4: aOR=1.94 [1.60-2.35]) and depression (Q2: aOR=1.31 [1.10-1.56]; Q3: aOR=1.44 [1.21-1.73]; Q4: aOR=2.43 [2.03-2.92]). However, the interaction between conspiracy beliefs and informal sources of information is not significant. Conclusion: These results suggest the possibility of modulating public health interventions according to information consumption habits and the level of conspiratorial beliefs, to better target and support people at increased risk of developing anxious or depressive symptoms.

(English) The purpose of this diploma thesis was to analyze a role of Sputnik Česká republika (Sputnik Czech Republic) website as an information source in the ecosystem of the so-called alternative media. The main research method was quantitative content analysis. In the practical part of the work - using available metadata sraped with Outwit Hub -, this thesis described content of articles published on Sputnik Česká republika and other selected alternative media. Next, with the use of online marketing tools and other sources, it compared similarities of content and user behaviour. Next, it compared similarities of content and user behaviour on a sample of selected websites. The result of this was evaluation of possible importance of Sputnik Česká republika in the ecosystem of alternative media and pointing out some new elements and connections within this system. Possible usage of this thesis comprises follow-up research and education in fields of information and media literacy, especially in the issue evaluation of information sources.

Traditionally, source coding (data compression) and channel coding (error protection) are performed separately and sequentially, resulting in what we call a tandem (separate) coding system. In practical implementations, however, tandem coding might involve a large delay and a high coding/decoding complexity, since one needs to remove the redundancy in the source coding part and then insert certain redundancy in the channel coding part. On the other hand, joint source-channel coding (JSCC), which coordinates source and channel coding or combines them into a single step, may offer substantial improvements over the tandem coding approach. This thesis deals with the fundamental Shannon-theoretic limits for a variety of communication systems via JSCC. More specifically, we investigate the reliability function (which is the largest rate at which the coding probability of error vanishes exponentially with increasing blocklength) for JSCC for the following discrete-time communication systems: (i) discrete memoryless systems; (ii) discrete memoryless systems with perfect channel feedback; (iii) discrete memoryless systems with source side information; (iv) discrete systems with Markovian memory; (v) continuous-valued (particularly Gaussian) memoryless systems; (vi) discrete asymmetric 2-user source-channel systems. For the above systems, we establish upper and lower bounds for the JSCC reliability function and we analytically compute these bounds. The conditions for which the upper and lower bounds coincide are also provided. We show that the conditions are satisfied for a large class of source-channel systems, and hence exactly determine the reliability function. We next provide a systematic comparison between the JSCC reliability function and the tandem coding reliability function (the reliability function resulting from separate source and channel coding). We show that the JSCC reliability function is substantially larger than the tandem coding reliability function for most cases. In particular, the JSCC reliability function is close to twice as large as the tandem coding reliability function for many source-channel pairs. This exponent gain provides a theoretical underpinning and justification for JSCC design as opposed to the widely used tandem coding method, since JSCC will yield a faster exponential rate of decay for the system error probability and thus provides substantial reductions in complexity and coding/decoding delay for real-world communication systems. / Thesis (Ph.D, Mathematics & Statistics) -- Queen's University, 2008-05-13 22:31:56.425