Dentro da PEB para a África do governo Lula, com a importância da cooperação técnica agrícola para o fortalecimento das relações com os países africanos, a EMBRAPA passou a ter papel essencial para a sua realização. Neste trabalho, o problema de pesquisa é se a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) começa a ter relevância na Política Externa Brasileira, a partir do segundo governo Lula (2007-2010), ao cooperar, via Agência Brasileira de Cooperação do Ministério das Relações Exteriores (ABC/MRE), no Projeto Cotton-4. A partir disto, a hipótese de pesquisa a ser averiguada através do estudo de caso do Projeto Cotton-4 é: “se a EMBRAPA poderia ser considerada um ator nas Relações Internacionais, devido ao aumento do seu papel no continente africano através da Política Externa Brasileira a partir do Governo Lula no eixo da cooperação Sul-Sul”. Neste projeto, a EMBRAPA tem o papel de implementá-lo nos países pertencentes ao Grupo Cotton-4: Benin, Burkina Faso, Chade e Mali, com o objetivo de estimular o desenvolvimento do setor algodoeiro. Para analisar o papel da EMBRAPA como possível novo “ator” nas Relações Internacionais, o trabalho aborda: a Política Externa Brasileira e a nova relação do Brasil com o continente africano (2003-2013); a Agência Brasileira de Cooperação do Ministério das Relações Exteriores e o perfil da Cooperação Sul-Sul brasileira; e analisa o papel da EMBRAPA no Projeto Cotton-4. Esta análise é baseada em dados empíricos coletados por meio da entrevista em profundidade com a Gerência da África (língua francesa), Ásia (Meridional) e Oceania dentro da Coordenação Geral de Cooperação Técnica entre Países em Desenvolvimento (CGPD) da ABC/MRE; de despachos do Diário Oficial da União; de reportagens sobre a EMBRAPA e, dos processos de licitação para a aquisição de bens e seleção de consultorias para o Projeto Cotton-4, contidos no Portal de Licitações do PNUD Brasil. Por fim, conclui-se que a EMBRAPA passa a ter um papel na PEB, por meio da efetivação da cooperação agrícola no Projeto Cotton-4. / Inside the BFP for Africa of the Lula government, the importance of agricultural technical cooperation to strengthen the relations with the African countries, EMBRAPA has now a key role in its implementation. In this work, the research problem is whether the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) begins to be relevant in Brazilian Foreign Policy (BFP), from the second government administration by Lula (2007-2010) to cooperate, via the Brazilian Cooperation Agency of the Ministry of Foreign Relations (ABC / MRE), the Cotton-4 Project. From this, the research hypothesis to be investigated through the case study of the Cotton-4 Project is: "if EMBRAPA could be considered an actor in the International Relations, due to the growth of its role on the African continent through the Brazilian Foreign Policy from Lula's government in the axis of South-South cooperation”. EMBRAPA's role is to implement this project within the countries that belong to the Cotton-4 Group: Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad and Mali, aiming to encourage the development of their own cotton sector. To analyze the role of EMBRAPA as a possible new "actor" in the International Relations, this essay approaches: the Brazilian Foreign Policy and the new relation between Brazil and Africa (2003-2013); the Brazilian Agency for Cooperation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the profile of Brazilian South-South Cooperation; and it analyzes the role of EMBRAPA in the Cotton-4 Project. This analysis is based on empirical data collected through in-depth interview with Management Africa (French language), Asia (Southern) and Oceania within the General Coordination of Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries (GCTCDC) ABC/MRE; documented orders in the journal Diário Oficial da União; news about EMBRAPA and from the bidding process for the procurement of goods and selection of consultants for the Cotton-4 Project, that are contained in the Portal Bids of PNUD Brazil. Finally, it is concluded that EMBRAPA takes a role in PEB, through realization of agricultural cooperation in the Cotton – 4 Project.

nÃo hà / Este estudo trata da avaliaÃÃo da polÃtica de CooperaÃÃo Sul-Sul da Universidade da IntegraÃÃo Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, sob a perspectiva da avaliaÃÃo em profundidade (GUSSI, 2008; RODRIGUES, 2008). Avalia a integraÃÃo proposta como missÃo institucional a partir da percepÃÃo dos discentes estrangeiros que fazem parte da universidade. O objetivo à avaliar a CooperaÃÃo Sul-Sul na prÃtica, dentro do contexto institucional-acadÃmico. A abordagem metodolÃgica à qualitativa e adotam-se como procedimentos: a anÃlise bibliogrÃfica, observaÃÃo participante e entrevistas. Discute-se sobre os contextos da PolÃtica Externa Brasileira que propiciou a construÃÃo da cooperaÃÃo educacional internacional, vinculando-se tais contextos à anÃlise da criaÃÃo da UNILAB, ou seja, a base conceitual que lhe proporciona sustentaÃÃo teÃrico-ideolÃgica. A UNILAB nasce a partir da polÃtica de expansÃo do ensino superior proposta no Governo Lula (2003-2010), em um contexto de interiorizaÃÃo e internacionalizaÃÃo, com foco na formaÃÃo de recursos humanos que contribuam com a integraÃÃo do Brasil e os paÃses (as naÃÃes) que compÃem a Comunidade dos PaÃses de LÃngua Portuguesa. A partir da fala dos sujeitos inseridos na polÃtica, identificam-se dimensÃes avaliativas que permitiram observar a integraÃÃo, a partir de algumas dimensÃes que se apresentaram na pesquisa avaliativa: da sobrevivÃncia à guerra ao ensino superior no Timor; a lÃngua portuguesa (in)comum; o (des)conhecimento acerca da UNILAB, a cidade de RedenÃÃo, a formaÃÃo pessoal e o passado; o sentimento de gratidÃo; o estar em uma universidade no Brasil e, por fim, as percepÃÃes sobre a integraÃÃo. Percebi, finalizando, que a cooperaÃÃo educacional proposta pela Unilab com base na CooperaÃÃo Sul-Sul representa quebra da ideologia hegemÃnica Norte-Sul, uma vez que embora inÃmeras adversidades se apresentem entre as relaÃÃes de alunos e comunidade local, o fim de qualificar recursos humanos para contribuÃrem nos seus paÃses de origem à atingido. AlÃm disso, dentro da acepÃÃo de integraÃÃo percorrem experiÃncias que formam e complementam histÃrias de vida que fazem parte da formaÃÃo do desenho contÃnuo da trajetÃria institucional unilabiana e acabam externalizando, na prÃtica, como acontece a integraÃÃo na cooperaÃÃo. / This work we evaluate the South-South Cooperation policy of the University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony (UNILAB), from an in-depth perspective (GUSSI, 2008; RODRIGUES, 2008). The assessment is based on the perception of foreign students, who are members of UNILAB. Our main goal is to analyze the South-South Cooperation in practice, within the institutional-academic context. As a methodological and qualitative approach we employ: bibliographic analysis, participant observation and interviews. We discuss the circumstances of the Foreign Brazilian Policy that launched the international educational cooperation, which is linked to such contexts of the foundation of UNILAB. They are the conceptual basis that provide the theoretical-ideological support. UNILAB is born out of the policy of expansion of higher education proposed in the Lula Government (2003-2010) within internalization and internationalization policy. Its main activities focus on the training of human resources that contribute to the integration of Brazil and the nations that make up the Community of Portuguese-speaking countries. From the speech of the individuals inserted in politics, we consider evaluative dimensions that allow us to observe the integration: the trajectory from survival to civil war to higher education; the (un)common Portuguese language; the (dis)knowledge about UNILAB, the city of RedenÃÃo, the personal formation and the past; the feeling of gratitude;being in a Brazilian university and, finally, the perceptions about an integration. I realized that, in conclusion, the educational cooperation proposed by Unilab based on South-South Cooperation represents a break of the North-South hegemonic ideology because, even though many adversities arise in the relationships between the students and the local community, the goal of qualify human resources to contribute in their countries of origin is achieved. Moreover, within the context of integration, there are experiences that form and complement life histories which compose the continuous construction of the unilabian institutional trajectory and they end up externalizing, in practice, how the integration in the cooperation happens.

Dentro da PEB para a África do governo Lula, com a importância da cooperação técnica agrícola para o fortalecimento das relações com os países africanos, a EMBRAPA passou a ter papel essencial para a sua realização. Neste trabalho, o problema de pesquisa é se a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) começa a ter relevância na Política Externa Brasileira, a partir do segundo governo Lula (2007-2010), ao cooperar, via Agência Brasileira de Cooperação do Ministério das Relações Exteriores (ABC/MRE), no Projeto Cotton-4. A partir disto, a hipótese de pesquisa a ser averiguada através do estudo de caso do Projeto Cotton-4 é: “se a EMBRAPA poderia ser considerada um ator nas Relações Internacionais, devido ao aumento do seu papel no continente africano através da Política Externa Brasileira a partir do Governo Lula no eixo da cooperação Sul-Sul”. Neste projeto, a EMBRAPA tem o papel de implementá-lo nos países pertencentes ao Grupo Cotton-4: Benin, Burkina Faso, Chade e Mali, com o objetivo de estimular o desenvolvimento do setor algodoeiro. Para analisar o papel da EMBRAPA como possível novo “ator” nas Relações Internacionais, o trabalho aborda: a Política Externa Brasileira e a nova relação do Brasil com o continente africano (2003-2013); a Agência Brasileira de Cooperação do Ministério das Relações Exteriores e o perfil da Cooperação Sul-Sul brasileira; e analisa o papel da EMBRAPA no Projeto Cotton-4. Esta análise é baseada em dados empíricos coletados por meio da entrevista em profundidade com a Gerência da África (língua francesa), Ásia (Meridional) e Oceania dentro da Coordenação Geral de Cooperação Técnica entre Países em Desenvolvimento (CGPD) da ABC/MRE; de despachos do Diário Oficial da União; de reportagens sobre a EMBRAPA e, dos processos de licitação para a aquisição de bens e seleção de consultorias para o Projeto Cotton-4, contidos no Portal de Licitações do PNUD Brasil. Por fim, conclui-se que a EMBRAPA passa a ter um papel na PEB, por meio da efetivação da cooperação agrícola no Projeto Cotton-4. / Inside the BFP for Africa of the Lula government, the importance of agricultural technical cooperation to strengthen the relations with the African countries, EMBRAPA has now a key role in its implementation. In this work, the research problem is whether the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) begins to be relevant in Brazilian Foreign Policy (BFP), from the second government administration by Lula (2007-2010) to cooperate, via the Brazilian Cooperation Agency of the Ministry of Foreign Relations (ABC / MRE), the Cotton-4 Project. From this, the research hypothesis to be investigated through the case study of the Cotton-4 Project is: "if EMBRAPA could be considered an actor in the International Relations, due to the growth of its role on the African continent through the Brazilian Foreign Policy from Lula's government in the axis of South-South cooperation”. EMBRAPA's role is to implement this project within the countries that belong to the Cotton-4 Group: Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad and Mali, aiming to encourage the development of their own cotton sector. To analyze the role of EMBRAPA as a possible new "actor" in the International Relations, this essay approaches: the Brazilian Foreign Policy and the new relation between Brazil and Africa (2003-2013); the Brazilian Agency for Cooperation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the profile of Brazilian South-South Cooperation; and it analyzes the role of EMBRAPA in the Cotton-4 Project. This analysis is based on empirical data collected through in-depth interview with Management Africa (French language), Asia (Southern) and Oceania within the General Coordination of Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries (GCTCDC) ABC/MRE; documented orders in the journal Diário Oficial da União; news about EMBRAPA and from the bidding process for the procurement of goods and selection of consultants for the Cotton-4 Project, that are contained in the Portal Bids of PNUD Brazil. Finally, it is concluded that EMBRAPA takes a role in PEB, through realization of agricultural cooperation in the Cotton – 4 Project.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a dinâmica da cooperação Sul-Sul (CSS) nos últimos decênios, tomando como foco, o acordo entre Brasil e Moçambique na área dos biocombustíveis. Foi ressaltado que a cooperação Sul-Sul resultou da tomada de consciência dos países em desenvolvimento de que deveriam ser parceiros integrais de si mesmos na solução de seus problemas. O Brasil se insere no processo de CSS na década de 1960. Porém, devido aos constrangimentos tanto estrutural quanto conjuntural, as relações Brasil-África têm-se caracterizado por momentos de alta e baixa intensidade. Com Lula no poder (2003-2010) e com ele a sua política de diversificação de atores e de \"solidariedade\", as relações Brasil - África ganham novos contornos e dinamismo, um dos quais, a assinatura do acordo Brasil - Moçambique na área dos biocombustíveis. Concluiu-se, que no setor dos biocombustíveis, o que está por detrás da solidariedade, são os objetivos econômicos de empresas brasileiras. / The aim of this research is to analyze the dynamics of South-South cooperation (SSC) in recent decades, taking as its focus, the agreement between Brazil and Mozambique in biofuels area. It was emphasized that South-South cooperation resulted from the awareness of developing countries that should be full partners themselves in solving their problems. Brazil fits into the SSC process in the 1960s. However, due to both structural and conjunctural constraints, Brazil - Africa relations have been characterized by moments of high and low intensity. With Lula in power (2003-2010) and with it his policy of diversification of actors and \"solidarity\", Brazil - Africa relations gain prominence and dynamism, one of which is the agreement signed Brazil - Mozambique in the area of biofuels. It was concluded that in biofuels which is behind the solidarity sector are the economic goals of Brazilian companies.

A presente Tese tem por objetivo contribuir, à luz dos princípios e postulados da gestão social, para a compreensão do processo de construção de saberes no campo da cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento Sul-Sul. Para tanto, a construção teórica que a embasa compreende: (i) a cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento como um campo de poder, na qual se praticam duas modalidades de cooperação: a Norte-Sul e a Sul-Sul; (ii) que as disputas nesse campo são alimentadas por um sistema-mundo, no qual os países centrais exercem seu poder de modo hegemônico replicando, por meio da modalidade de cooperação Norte-Sul, a lógica neoliberal para os países semiperiféricos e periféricos, bem como impondo uma dominação intelectual, a partir de uma visão eurocêntrica, num contexto de colonialidade de saberes; (iii) que numa tentativa de tensionar o campo da cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento, os países semiperiféricos e periféricos se uniram para construir o conceito político Sul-Sul, o qual embasa a modalidade de cooperação Sul-Sul que, teoricamente, prevê o respeito às singularidades históricas, sociais e culturais de cada país; (iv) que dentre as intervenções internacionais para a promoção do “desenvolvimento”, a cooperação internacional Norte-Sul, transfere o conhecimento científico para os países periféricos, em nome de um progresso científico e do “desenvolvimento”; (v) que inexiste um modelo universal para a promoção do desenvolvimento, o qual requer respeito às particularidades de cada sociedade; (vi) que a superação das condições de adversidade que caracterizam a realidade dos países periféricos requer a consideração e o respeito aos saberes locais, num processo de construção conjunta de saberes; (vii) que o processo de construção de saberes preconiza o respeito a diversidade epistemológica do mundo, propondo a ecologia dos saberes nos termos de Santos (2008), para a qual existe o trabalho de tradução, em que as experiências e saberes da sociedade unem-se aos conhecimentos científicos para gerar novos saberes adequados à realidade social de cada sociedade; (viii) que as relações estabelecidas no campo da cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento são relações de poder, e portanto, precisam ser geridas; (ix) que a adoção do conceito de gestão social é pertinente para discutir as relações no campo da cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento, uma vez que abrange a dimensão social e política das relações, além da dimensão técnica. Com base nesses postulados teóricos, esta Tese investigou e analisou o acordo de cooperação entre Brasil e Cabo Verde, na área de educação, para a implementação do Curso de Mestrado em Administração Pública em Cabo Verde. Os resultados evidenciaram que, para construir saberes no campo da cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento, é preciso respeitar o desafio do tempo e o desafio inerente ao processo de aprendizagem, o que implica reconhecer o tempo do outro, que não necessariamente é o tempo linear preconizado pelo moderno sistema-mundo, bem como realizar o trabalho de tradução, por meio do qual as experiências e saberes das sociedades unem-se aos conhecimentos científicos gerados na universidade, construindo novos saberes, adequados à realidade social de cada comunidade. Todavia, isto implica tratar cada projeto de cooperação internacional como único, pois aproxima agentes constituídos tanto por diferentes visões de mundo como por diferentes contextos históricos, sociais, econômicos e políticos. / This thesis aims to contribute, in the light of the principles and postulates of social management, to the comprehension of the process of construction of knowledge in the field of international cooperation to South-South development. Therefore, the theoretical construction that supports our study covers: (i) the international cooperation for development as a field of power, in which we can practice two ways of cooperation: North-South and South-South; (ii) some disputes in this field are powered by a world-system, in which central countries exert their power of hegemonic mode by replicating, through North-South cooperation, the neoliberal logic for the semi-peripheral and peripheral countries, as well as enforcing an intellectual domination, from an Eurocentric vision, in a context of coloniality of knowledge; (iii) also that in an attempt to intend to the field of international development cooperation, the semi-peripheral and peripheral countries have teamed up to build South-South political concept, which bases the modality of South-South cooperation that, theoretically, provides respect for historical, social and cultural singularities of each country; (iv) among international interventions for the promotion of "development", North-South international cooperation transfers scientific knowledge to peripheral countries, in the name of scientific progress and "development"; (v) that there is no universal model to promote development, which requires respect for particularities of each society; (vi) that overcoming adversities that characterize the situation of peripheral countries requires consideration and respect for local knowledge, in a process of collective construction of knowledge; (vii) that the process of construction of knowledge establishes the respect for the diversity of an epistemological world, proposing the ecology of knowledge in terms of Santos (2008), where there is the work of translation, in which the experiences and knowledge of society are connected to scientific knowledge to provide new and suitable knowledge according to the social reality of each society; (viii) that the relations established in the field of international development cooperation are power relations, and therefore, need to be managed; (ix) that the adoption of the concept of social management is pertinent to discuss relations in the field of international development cooperation, since it has covered the social and political dimension of relations, in addition to the technical dimension. Based on these theoretical postulates, this thesis investigated and reviewed the cooperation agreement between Brazil and Cape Verde, in the area of education, for the implementation of the Master's degree in Public Administration in Cape Verde. The results showed that, to build knowledge in the field of international development cooperation, it is necessary to respect the challenge of time and the inherent challenge in the learning process. Which implies in recognizing the time of others, which is not the linear time advocated by modern world-system, necessarily, as well as to carry out the translation, through which the experiences and knowledge of societies link scientific knowledge generated at the University, building new and adequate knowledge tailored to the social reality of each community. However, it implies treating each project as the only international cooperation since it brings agents constituted both by different worldviews as different historical, social, economic and political contexts.

The “2015 proceedings” document the contributions of the third and final annual Summer-School Workshop of the “Scientific Cooperation Network on Climate Change Adaptation”, a project within the DAAD program “Welcome to Africa”. The workshop took place on 17-31 May, 2015 at Tharandt campus of the Technische Universität Dresden and at selected locations in the region.:Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation 1 Methodological Fundamentals of Socio-Economic Climate Change Adaptation Research at the Institute of International Forestry and Forest Products, TU Dresden 2 Climate Change Adaptation in Saxony 4 Historical Path of Forestry and the Role of ‘Ujamaa’ Ideology to Today’s Policy of Community Forest Management in Tanzania 19 Contribution of the National Adaptation Plan of Action Project to Sustainable Livelihoods in North Kordofan State, Sudan 31 Local People’s Perception of Climate Variability Including Their Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies in Mountainous Areas of Uganda 47 Role of Indigenous Knowledge in Traditional Farming System Management under Changing Climate, Sudan 54 Quarterly Climate Change Preparedness Workshop in Arsi Negelle, Ethiopia 63 Impact of Farmer Field Schools in Diffusion of Information about Climate Change in South Kordofan State, Sudan 74 Effects of Climate Change on Traditional Rain-fed Agriculture in Sheikan Locality, North Kordofan State, Sudan 81 Can Rain Water Harvesting Mitigate Flooding Associated with Climate Change in Urban Areas? A Case Study of Jinja Municipality, Uganda 91 Agroforestry, Reforestation, and Climate Change 97 Agroforestry in Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+): Africa, Where Are You? 98 Carbon Sequestration and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Agroforestry: Summary of Global Data and Implications for Africa 113 Propagation Techniques for Ethiopian Highland Bamboo Yushania alpina in Amhara Region, Banja Districts, North-Western Ethiopia 121 The Performance of GAPAs on Enhancing the Production and Marketing of Gum Arabic Production in West and North Kordofan States, Sudan 131 CHAnces IN Sustainability – Promoting Product Chains of Natural Products in Eastern Africa 132 Biodiversity Conversation and Bioenergy 135 Land Use, Land Cover and Climate Change Impacts on the Bird Community in and around Lake Zeway, Ethiopia 136 African Baobab: Urgent Need for Assessments and Management Approaches for Sustainable Development in Sudan 137 Ecotourism as Alternative Mean of Biodiversity Conservation and Livelihood Improvement of the Local Community 145 The Role of Wood Fuel in Climate Change: A Case of Urban and Rural Areas in Uganda 159 Scientific Cooperation Network on Climate Change Adaptation 169 Network Contact Persons 169

The aim of the thesis is to contribute to a growing understanding on how Venezuelan refugees are being constructed by the Brazilian media during the ongoing refugee crisis in South America and the main discourses related to them. The fact that South-South migration has so far been understudied and the relevant and fast-escalating displacement of people from Venezuela are the motivations for this study. The theoretical framework consists of Fairclough’s three-dimensional model of CDA and the theoretical concepts of stereotypes and othering. Twenty-one articles about Venezuelan refugees, published between 2016 and 2021, were analyzed. The findings of the thesis show that Venezuelans were mainly associated with negative aspects, entailing two sub discourses: in the first one, they were constructed as the origin of diseases at the borders and associated with violence and tension, and in the second one they were constructed as exploited, underemployed and poorly integrated into the formal labor market.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Migration is an important topic, not only for researchers in South Africa, but also for policymakers and the media. It is an issue at the top of the national and international agenda. In the debate on migration and the literature, voices of migrants themselves remain mostly unheard. The public perceptions and policy-making are often based on fear, stereotypes and common myths rather than reality. In this study, the researcher aimed to examine the socio-economic integration challenges of highly-skilled Nigerian migrants and how they may help contribute their skills towards the socioeconomic development of South Africa to potentially inform the national migration policy, as well as future research. Methodologically, the researcher conducted a mixed-method study using an interpretive paradigm. Data were derived from 22 semi-structured interviews and six in-depth interviews. The study used a combination of purposive and snowballing sampling techniques, where semi-structured and in-depth interviews, as well as observations, were also carried out. Data gathered were analysed using thematic analysis.

[pt] Nas últimas décadas a Cooperação Sul-Sul tem se intensificado substancialmente acompanhando o processo de crescente atuação das potências emergentes no cenário internacional pós Guerra Fria. Tal intensificação tem gerado debates na disciplina das Relações Internacionais acerca do papel desses atores com importante destaque à observância dos desafios pertinentes às agendas de desenvolvimento e segurança cada vez mais convergentes. Nesse sentido, esta dissertação tem por objetivo central analisar a Cooperação Sul-Sul entre o Brasil e a Líbia durante os governos Lula e Dilma estabelecendo assim o recorte temporal que se inicia em 2003 e que se estende até 2014. Este recorte será dividido em dois momentos tendo como marco de inflexão fundamental o ano de 2011 quando ocorreu a Primavera Árabe e a subsequente intervenção da OTAN na Líbia bem como a transição de governos entre Lula e Dilma no Brasil. Esse momento é marcado pelos debates acerca da Responsabilidade de Proteger (R2P), princípio implementado pela primeira vez no caso da Líbia, e a crítica brasileira seguida da proposta de formulação da Responsabilidade ao Proteger (RwP). Portanto, será dado destaque à observação da política externa brasileira e os esforços do Brasil de inserção no cenário internacional enquanto potência regional e poder global emergente compreendendo este movimento sob a perspectiva da interseção entre políticas de desenvolvimento e segurança. Esta pesquisa insere-se no marco teórico do recente debate no campo das Relações Internacionais denominado security-development nexus debate esse motivado pelos desdobramentos do evento de 11 de setembro e da subsequente Guerra ao Terror e que mobiliza discussões acerca da convergência dos campos da segurança e do desenvolvimento no atual cenário internacional. Desse modo, argumenta-se que há uma dinâmica conflitiva e crescente na política externa brasileira que alterna contestação do e inserção no sistema internacional. Essa dinâmica permeia as relações do Brasil com a Líbia bem como o posicionamento brasileiro no que tange às agendas de desenvolvimento e segurança. / [en] In the last decades, the South South Cooperation has intensifying substancially following the process of increase role of the emerging powers on the international scene after Cold War. This intensification has improve the debate in International Relations discipline about the role of this players with focus on the challenges of development and security agenda convergence. In this sense, this dissertation has main goal to analyse the South-South Cooperation between Brazil and Libya in the Lula and Dilma governments setting the time frame that begins in 2003 and extends until 2014. This period will be divided in two moments with fundamental inflection point in 2011when happened the Arab Spring and the subsequente NATO intervention in Libya as well as the transition between Lula and Dilma government. This moment is marked for Responsability to Protect (R2P) debates in International Relations discipline, a principle implemented for the first time in the Libya case, and the Brazilian critics following for the Responsability while Protecting (RwP) proposal. Therefore, emphasis will be placed on Brazilian foreign policy and the Brazil efforts to insertion on international scene as a regional power and emerging global power understending this movement under the development and security policies intersection perspective. This research is based on recently theorical framework of International Relations field called security-develoment nexus. This debate was motiveted for 9/11 events and the Terror War as well as to mobilize the discussion about security and development fields convertion. In this sense, it will be argued that there is a conflitive and increase dynamics in Brazilian foreign policies that alternates contestations of and insertion on international sistem. This dynamics permeates the relations between Brazil na Libya as well as the brazilian position about development and security agendas.

Ce mémoire a pour but de comprendre la façon dont s’articulent les mouvements migratoires et les politiques qui s’y rattachent, d’abord au plan international puis au niveau des migrations régionales vers l’Argentine. Depuis les quarante dernières années, l’Argentine présente des caractéristiques sociales et économiques qui agissent comme facteurs d’attraction pour des milliers d’immigrants latino-américains. Ces flux migratoires appelés limitrophes s’inscrivent dans un système migratoire caractérisé par la constance des mouvements migratoires régionaux. De plus, la nouvelle visibilité accordée aux immigrants limitrophes en Argentine est, par extension, une conséquence de la rigidité qu’ont acquiert les législations migratoires des pays de destinations classiques (Europe occidentale, États-Unis, Canada, Australie, etc.). Ce durcissement des cadres légaux lié aux migrations internationales a en effet déjà fait surgir de nouveaux pays de destination (Espagne, Italie, Grèce notamment), lesquels ont, face aux nouveaux flux migratoires non planifiés, élaboré les lois calquées sur celles des pays de destinations classique. Ces nouveaux pays de destination, qui étaient avant la fin des années 1970 exclusivement expulseurs d’immigrants sont progressivement devenus des pays récepteurs en bonne et due forme. Aujourd’hui, ils ont adopté l’approche restrictive préconisée à l’échelle mondiale, ce qui représente de nouveaux défis en matière de souveraineté et de cohésion sociale pour de nombreux pays dont l’Argentine. Le contexte actuel de mondialisation a engendré une crise migratoire à l’échelle mondiale dans la mesure où, les immigrants voient leurs possibilités de migrer grandement réduites par la recrudescence des politiques migratoires dites restrictives. C’est donc aujourd’hui que les migrations régionales se convertissent en de très intéressants objets d’étude puisqu’elles sont la preuve de la réduction des options de destination pour les potentiels immigrants. C’est pour cette raison que nous avons étudié les flux migratoires limitrophes vers l’Argentine, afin de comprendre les causes qui les motivent et les conséquences qu’ils entraînent au sein de la société argentine contemporaine. Notre étude nous a permis de conclure que d’une part, les migrations régionales vers l’Argentine et les politiques qui s’y rattachent sont intimement liées au contexte économique de la région, et ensuite, que l’adoption de mesures restrictives à l’égard de ces flux était mieux comprise si l’on tenait compte de la vision collective des Argentins en ce qui a trait à la composition ethnique du pays. / This dissertation’s objective is to enable a better understanding of the fluxes of migration and relevant policies primarily at an international level and then at a specific regional level, towards Argentina. For the past 40 years, Argentina has possessed social and economic characteristics that have acted as pull factors for thousands of Latino-American immigrants. These migratory fluxes from bordering countries are included in a migratory system defined by constant intraregional migrations. Moreover, the recent increase in visibility of immigrants from bordering countries in Argentina is a direct consequence of the hardening of immigration laws of traditional destination countries such as those of Western Europe, the United States of America, Canada and Australia to name a few. Immigration reform in these countries, specifically the tightening of laws concerning international migration, has consequently created new destination countries for international migrants including Spain, Italy and Greece. In response to these unplanned migrations, many of these countries have passed international migration laws mimicked on those that where passed in traditional destination countries. These new destination countries, who, prior to the 1970s, were exclusively producers of emigrants, have progressively become receiving countries. Today, they have adopted a restrictive approach, representative of a world trend that has created new challenges in sovereignty and social cohesion for numerous countries including, specifically, Argentina. The current and continuing process of globalization has generated a global migratory crisis considering the fact that immigrants’ possibilities of migration are being hugely and progressively limited by a dramatic increase in policies in destination countries limiting or restricting migration. As a result, regional migration fluxes are becoming increasingly interesting objects of study since they are a result and proof of the reduction in possible destinations for potential immigrants. It is for this reason that we have studied the flux of migrants from bordering countries towards Argentina as a means of understanding the causes of these fluxes and there consequences on contemporary Argentinean society. Our research has enabled us to conclude that, first, regional migrations towards Argentina and relevant policies are intrinsically related to the economic situation of the region, and second, Argentina’s adoption of restrictive measures controlling these migrations can be better understood when considering the collective Argentinean mind-set concerning the ethnic composition of the country.