Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2015-10-26T11:42:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Danilo Cardoso Ferreira - 2014.pdf: 3859417 bytes, checksum: 37384b7f29a61a2d68046b2e8848cc95 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-26T13:24:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Danilo Cardoso Ferreira - 2014.pdf: 3859417 bytes, checksum: 37384b7f29a61a2d68046b2e8848cc95 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-26T13:24:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Danilo Cardoso Ferreira - 2014.pdf: 3859417 bytes, checksum: 37384b7f29a61a2d68046b2e8848cc95 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This paper consists of a geographical approach and a cartographic representation of the processes of socio-spatial segregation and differentiation combined with the racial dimension in the city of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, based on the data of color / race and income of the Census (IBGE, 2010). First, we bring readings of the field of geography of race relations in Brazilian society, aimed at urban space, focusing on those processes. Then we deal with the construction of a racial cartography and methodological research questions. We discuss several studies about social segregation in Goiânia and elaborate several maps of "mostly white spaces" and "spaces of black majority", associated with the identification of color or race and social class levels spread across neighborhoods in the city. Finally, we conclude that the processes in question have a close correlation with the difference and racial inequality in the city, a phenomenon that happens in other metropolises. / O presente trabalho consiste em uma abordagem geográfica e uma representação cartográfica dos processos de segregação e a diferenciação socioespacial combinados com a dimensão racial em Goiânia, com base nos dados de cor/raça e renda do Censo Demográfico (IBGE, 2010). Em primeiro lugar, trazemos leituras do campo da Geografia das relações raciais na sociedade brasileira, voltadas para o espaço urbano, com foco nos referidos processos. Em seguida, tratamos da construção de uma cartografia racial e das questões metodológicas da pesquisa. Discutimos vários estudos realizados acerca da segregação social na capital goiana e elaboramos vários mapas de “espaços de maioria branca” e “espaços de maioria negra”, associados com a identificação de cor ou raça e os níveis de classe, distribuídos por bairros do município. Por fim concluímos que os processos em pauta têm uma estreita correlação com a diferença e a desigualdade racial na cidade, fenômeno que acontece em outras metrópoles.

A cidade de São Paulo, desde o final do século XX, vem sendo marcada pela inauguração de novas formas urbanas, adequadas às exigências da ordem socioeconômica que se instaura a partir de então, como o exemplar surgimento de novas áreas de centralidade aliadas ao avanço do setor terciário. Porém, outras localidades sofreram transformações sócio-espaciais ao longo dos últimos 25 anos, inclusive quanto à valorização imobiliária, o que tem reforçado a apropriação heterogênea e desigual do território e que, portanto, não se restringe à produção de centralidades terciárias, mas vai além em sua diversidade. Um dos casos que mais se destacam na cidade, pela marcante transformação espacial que sofreu, é o alvo desta pesquisa: o Tatuapé. Localizado na zona leste de São Paulo, este bairro, em apenas 20 anos, emergiu como foco de alto padrão e como expressivo pólo comercial, exercendo hoje grande influência na região. Tendo isso em vista, este trabalho se propõe a investigar o movimento de ocupação da área e as suas principais características a fim de verificar como este território de uma industrialização recente se transformou em uma das regiões mais valorizadas da cidade. Com isto, a pesquisa tem por objetivo final conhecer como este processo de valorização do local, apoiado principalmente na produção residencial vertical de luxo por encomenda, levou o território à exclusividade no espaço urbano tanto por sua diferenciação do ponto de vista social, indicando enobrecimento da população local, como do ponto de vista espacial, enunciando um processo único de concentração das camadas de alta renda e até mesmo de segregação urbana na zona leste. Assim, o trabalho inicia pronunciando as transformações que marcaram o final do século em São Paulo e as correspondentes para a zona leste no mesmo período, proporcionando, em seguida, a compreensão histórica da pesquisa para o bairro. Após isto, faz uma análise do mercado imobiliário de edifícios residenciais nos últimos anos, caracterizando esta verticalização que diferencia. Por fim, expõe alguns dos problemas que emergiram após a mudança do perfil da região. Com este trabalho, espera-se que se torne uma referência para a compreensão de fenômenos urbanos recentes e que contribua para os debates que destacam a análise social do espaço, especialmente os estudos da segregação sócioespacial, reanimados com a reestruturação urbana em São Paulo. / The city of Sao Paulo, since the end of the century XX, has appointed to the requirements of the socioeconomic order that establish hereafter, like the emergence of new central areas together of the tertiary sector. But, other localities have suffered social-spatial transformations since the last twenty-five years inclusive about the real estate valorization that has strengthened of the heterogeneous and unequal appropriation of the territory that, hence, it isnt restrict of the centrality tertiary production, but will be beside in your diversity. One of the most important cases for the remarked spatial transformation that suffered is the target of this research: the Tatuapés neighborhood. Located in the east area of Sao Paulo, this neighborhood, in twenty years, emerges like a focus of high standard of living and expressive commercial pole. Nowadays, it exerts big influence in the region. Then, this dissertation propose to investigate the occupation movement of the Tatuapés neighborhood and its principal characteristic to check how this territory, with recently industrialization, graded in one the most appreciated region of the city. The final aim is to know how this process of local valorization supported by the vertical residential production and luxurious and tailor-made buildings took this territory to an exclusive urban space, not only for its differentiation taking into consideration the social point of view, showing the enrichment of the local population, but also taking into consideration the spatial point of view, showing a unique process of concentration of high level social classes and even the urban segregation in the east area of city. Then, the beginning of this dissertation is about the most important transformations of the end of the century in Sao Paulo and in east area, providing, afterwards, the historical comprehension of the research about the Tatuapés neighborhood. Next, it analyses the real estate market of residential buildings in the latest years, characterizing this emblematic verticalization. Finally, it shows some problems that developed after the change of the region profile. This dissertation wants to be a reference for the comprehension of the recent urban phenomenon like this one and wants to contribute to debates that take into account the social analyses of the space, specially the studies about social-spatial segregation, born again with the urban restructure of Sao Paulo.

L'étude des comportements de mobilité est une thématique très peu investie dans les villes d'Afrique subsaharienne. Ces villes sont caractérisées par une croissance urbaine fulgurante avec comme corollaire un étalement spatial, des densités démographiques très élevées et une crise du secteur des transports dominé par les opérateurs artisanaux. Ces dynamiques, qui sont à l'origine de déséquilibres spatiaux, font que l'accès aux aménités urbaines devient très difficile pour les catégories de population les plus pauvres. A Dakar, les options d'aménagement ségrégationnistes prises par les autorités coloniales, l'inefficacité des instruments classiques de planification urbaine ainsi que la dérégulation du marché du foncier et de l'immobilier ont été à la base d'une dynamique de différenciation socio-spatiale. Ce travail de recherche, en faisant usage des méthodes d'analyse multidimensionnelle (Analyse en Composante Principale et Classification Ascendante Hiérarchique) et en se basant sur des enquêtes « ménages-déplacements » originales, se donne pour objectif d'analyser la dynamique ségrégative à Dakar et d'éclairer les liens existants entre la localisation résidentielle des ménages et les comportements de mobilité des individus dans un contexte urbain très changeant / The study of mobility behavior has not been well investigated in Sub-Saharan cities. These cities are characterized by rapid urban growth resulting in sprawl space, very high population densities and a crisis in transport sector which is dominated by craft operators. These dynamics, which are at the origin of spatial imbalances mean that access to urban amenities becomes very difficult for the poorest categories of the population. In Dakar, segregationist territorial management options taken in the past by colonial authorities, the ineffectiveness of traditional instruments of urban planning as well as disregulation of land market and real estate, have created a dynamic socio-spatial differentiation. This research project, by using multivariate analysis methods (Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis) is based on original household travel surveys. Our objective is to analyze the dynamics of socio-spatial segregation in Dakar and illuminate the links between residential location and household mobility behavior in a changeable urban context

O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é a compreensão do conflito entre as estratégias e os interesses que permearam a elaboração da Operação Urbana Butantã - Vila Sônia, na região oeste da metrópole de São Paulo, e as reivindicações e modos de apropriação dos grupos de moradores da área por ela abrangida. Parte-se da hipótese de que a diferenciação socioespacial, uma tendência decorrente da Operação Urbana independentemente de sua implantação, intensifica-se pelo conflito em torno dos antagônicos usos do lugar e pelas diferentes demandas e estratégias de luta que grupos de moradores de poderes aquisitivos distintos entre si apresentam diante das intervenções urbanísticas previstas pelos projetos de requalificação urbana. Estudamos a diferenciação socioespacial a partir de quatro lugares, três deles no perímetro da Operação Urbana. O estudo da Operação Urbana considerando esses lugares no Butantã nos permitiu apreender estratégias de classe em disputa pelo espaço, apontando a contradição entre uso e troca na produção do espaço urbano capitalista. Desvelamos de que modo o acesso à riqueza e à propriedade impõe limites à apropriação do espaço e resulta em necessidades e desejos diferenciados, seja em relação às intervenções então previstas pela Operação Urbana seja em relação à própria vida na cidade. / The main objective of this research is to understand the conflict between strategies and interest which underpinned Butanta-Vila Sonia urban operation located in the western zone of the metropolis of Sao Paulo as well as the residents claims and appropriation ways. The initial hypothesis states spatial differentiation a tendency which arises from urban operation regardless of its implementation is intensified by the conflict around the antagonic uses of place and by the different requests and confrontation strategies the residents of different classes use to face the interventions included in the urban requalification project. Sociospatial differentiation has been analyzed in four places three of them inside the urban operation perimeter. Studying the urban operation through these locations in Butanta allowed the grasping of class strategies when it comes to space dispute which demonstrated the contradiction between capitalist spatial production use and exchange. This work was able to reveal the fact that access to wealth and properties restrains spatial appropriation and results in different necessities and wishes, either when it comes to urban project interventions or life itself in the city.

<p>Since the demise of central planning, post-Soviet cities have found themselves operating in a radically different economic climate. Contrary to the situation during the Soviet époque, market relations and the urban economy's adjustment thereto constitute the reality which urbanites face in their daily lives. For the vast majority, this reality has been harsh. Even so, market agency in post-Soviet cities is circumscribed by a physical infrastructure composed to foster its rejection, leading to an inevitable tension between Soviet legacy and the reality of the market economy. An overarching task of this dissertation is to contribute to a greater understanding of the new urban form which is emerging out of this tension. For this purpose, eight papers, using case studies from urban Kazakhstan, are brought together in order to shed light on recent urban developments in the former Soviet Union.Two broad themes are subject to particular attention: urbanisation and regional migration processes, and urban socio-spatial differentiation. Urbanisation is studied through the comparative analysis of census data from 1989 and 1999, from which a "closed city effect" pattern emerges. Sovietand post-Soviet era urban-bounf migrant characteristics are compared using survey data (N=3,136) collected by the author, demonstrating the existence of a significant ethnic transition within the migrant flow. Socio-spatial differentiation patterns are mapped and analysed for three Kazakh military-industrial case study cities (Ust'-Kamenogorsk, Leninogorsk and Zyryanovsk), revealing significant spatial disparities which are principally explainable in light of the workings of the Soviet economy, and its built-in priority system. Market forces tend to accentuate them.</p>

Since the demise of central planning, post-Soviet cities have found themselves operating in a radically different economic climate. Contrary to the situation during the Soviet époque, market relations and the urban economy's adjustment thereto constitute the reality which urbanites face in their daily lives. For the vast majority, this reality has been harsh. Even so, market agency in post-Soviet cities is circumscribed by a physical infrastructure composed to foster its rejection, leading to an inevitable tension between Soviet legacy and the reality of the market economy. An overarching task of this dissertation is to contribute to a greater understanding of the new urban form which is emerging out of this tension. For this purpose, eight papers, using case studies from urban Kazakhstan, are brought together in order to shed light on recent urban developments in the former Soviet Union.Two broad themes are subject to particular attention: urbanisation and regional migration processes, and urban socio-spatial differentiation. Urbanisation is studied through the comparative analysis of census data from 1989 and 1999, from which a "closed city effect" pattern emerges. Sovietand post-Soviet era urban-bounf migrant characteristics are compared using survey data (N=3,136) collected by the author, demonstrating the existence of a significant ethnic transition within the migrant flow. Socio-spatial differentiation patterns are mapped and analysed for three Kazakh military-industrial case study cities (Ust'-Kamenogorsk, Leninogorsk and Zyryanovsk), revealing significant spatial disparities which are principally explainable in light of the workings of the Soviet economy, and its built-in priority system. Market forces tend to accentuate them.

The empirical literature on mergers, market power and collusion in differentiated markets has mainly focused on methods relying on output and/or panel data. In contrast to this literature we suggest a novel approach that allows for the detection of collusive behavior among a group of firms making use of information on the spatial structure of horizontally differentiated products. By estimating best response functions using a spatial econometrics approach, we focus on differences in the strategic interaction in pricing between different groups of firms as well as on differences in price levels. We apply our method to the market for ski lift tickets using a unique data set on ticket prices and detailed resort-specific characteristics covering all ski resorts in Austria. (authors' abstract) / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é a compreensão do conflito entre as estratégias e os interesses que permearam a elaboração da Operação Urbana Butantã - Vila Sônia, na região oeste da metrópole de São Paulo, e as reivindicações e modos de apropriação dos grupos de moradores da área por ela abrangida. Parte-se da hipótese de que a diferenciação socioespacial, uma tendência decorrente da Operação Urbana independentemente de sua implantação, intensifica-se pelo conflito em torno dos antagônicos usos do lugar e pelas diferentes demandas e estratégias de luta que grupos de moradores de poderes aquisitivos distintos entre si apresentam diante das intervenções urbanísticas previstas pelos projetos de requalificação urbana. Estudamos a diferenciação socioespacial a partir de quatro lugares, três deles no perímetro da Operação Urbana. O estudo da Operação Urbana considerando esses lugares no Butantã nos permitiu apreender estratégias de classe em disputa pelo espaço, apontando a contradição entre uso e troca na produção do espaço urbano capitalista. Desvelamos de que modo o acesso à riqueza e à propriedade impõe limites à apropriação do espaço e resulta em necessidades e desejos diferenciados, seja em relação às intervenções então previstas pela Operação Urbana seja em relação à própria vida na cidade. / The main objective of this research is to understand the conflict between strategies and interest which underpinned Butanta-Vila Sonia urban operation located in the western zone of the metropolis of Sao Paulo as well as the residents claims and appropriation ways. The initial hypothesis states spatial differentiation a tendency which arises from urban operation regardless of its implementation is intensified by the conflict around the antagonic uses of place and by the different requests and confrontation strategies the residents of different classes use to face the interventions included in the urban requalification project. Sociospatial differentiation has been analyzed in four places three of them inside the urban operation perimeter. Studying the urban operation through these locations in Butanta allowed the grasping of class strategies when it comes to space dispute which demonstrated the contradiction between capitalist spatial production use and exchange. This work was able to reveal the fact that access to wealth and properties restrains spatial appropriation and results in different necessities and wishes, either when it comes to urban project interventions or life itself in the city.

1 Abstract Migration has been an inherent part of population development, and due to its role in shaping settlement system and societal changes also one of the key research interests of social geography. Due to the political regime and the limited movement across state borders, attention was predominantly given to internal migration in Czechia in the second half of the 20th century. Conversely, international migration has only been coming to the fore of academic debate since the 1990s. Despite the broad diversity of aspects of international migration in Czechia and the fact that the city has traditionally been the environment associated with the majority of immigrant population, little consideration has been given to the deeper understanding of the relationship between international migration, the presence of foreign citizens and the urban environment, especially foreigners' influence on socio-spatial differentiation and on social environment of particular urban locales. Czechia is a specific case: a country which was isolated from international migration for four decades became one of the main immigration countries in the post-socialist Central Europe after 1989. It represents a unique occasion to investigate the connection between international migration and the city in a previously unexplored environment...

[pt] A presente tese propõe uma abordagem geográfica da segurança pública, tema muitíssimo relevante tanto no cotidiano de muitos moradores das regiões metropolitanas como no debate político realizado em todo o país. Foram analisadas as potencialidades e limitações da construção de uma governança da segurança pública que focalize a Baixada Fluminense, importante fração da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ), considerando o funcionamento dos Conselhos Comunitários de Segurança (CCS) e as ações policiais na região. Os procedimentos e técnicas empregados para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa doutoral compreenderam grosso modo levantamentos bibliográfico e documental, além da produção de farto material empírico. Foram analisadas 66 atas de reuniões dos CCS da Baixada Fluminense, no período compreendido entre julho de 2016 e junho de 2019; feitas mais de 15 entrevistas com policiais, membros permanentes dos mencionados conselhos, um prefeito e um secretário municipal de segurança; acompanhadas in situ 15 reuniões dos CCS, entre agosto de 2019 e julho de 2021; realizados dois extensos trabalhos de campo: o primeiro nas imediações do Arco Metropolitano (em Nova Iguaçu) e o outro no Complexo do Roseiral (em Belford Roxo). Além disso, foram produzidos 11 mapas e 3 séries temporais sobre a incidência da letalidade violenta e dos roubos de rua e roubos de carga na região estudada, importantes indicadores estratégicos para o Instituto de Segurança Pública do Rio de Janeiro (ISP). Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que os CCS da Baixada Fluminense podem se tornar um vetor de construção de uma governança da segurança pública, desde que a parceria seja adotada como nível preferencial de abertura à participação popular nesses espaços e as diferenciações sócio-espaciais sejam consideradas quando da elaboração de políticas públicas orientadas à redução da incidência criminal e também da sensação de insegurança. / [en] This thesis proposes a geographical approach to public security, a very relevant topic both in the daily lives of many residents of metropolitan areas and in the political debate held throughout the country. The potentialities and limitations of building a public security governance that focus on the Baixada Fluminense, an important part of the Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ), were analyzed, considering the functioning of the Conselhos Comunitários de Segurança (CCS) and police actions in the region. The procedures and techniques employed for the development of doctoral research broadly comprised bibliographical and documental surveys, in addition to the production of abundant empirical material. 66 minutes of meetings of the CCS of Baixada Fluminense were analyzed, in the period between July 2016 and June 2019; more than 15 interviews were conducted with police officers, permanent members of the aforementioned councils, a mayor and a municipal security secretary; 15 CCS meetings were monitored in situ, between August 2019 and July 2021; two extensive fieldworks were carried out: the first in the vicinity of the Arco Metropolitano (in Nova Iguaçu) and the other in Complexo do Roseiral (in Belford Roxo). In addition, 11 maps and 3 time series were produced on the incidence of violent lethality and street robberies and cargo thefts in the region studied, important strategic indicators for the Instituto de Segurança Pública do Rio de Janeiro (ISP). The research results show that CCS in Baixada Fluminense can become a vector for building public security governance, as long as the partnership is adopted as a preferred level of openness to popular participation in these spaces and socio-spatial differences are considered when the elaboration of public policies aimed at reducing the incidence of crime and also the feeling of insecurity.