Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur speciallärare i matematik ser på extra anpassningar och särskilt stöd i matematikundervisningen. Studien har en hermeneutisk ansats och semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med fyra speciallärare i matematik verksamma på F-6 och 7-9 skolor för att få en förståelse för hur speciallärare i matematik ser på de nya direktiven i skollagen kring stödinsatser.   Som analysverktyg har gällande skollag, Lgr 11 samt Skolverkets allmänna råd använts men även olika specialpedagogiska perspektiv. Resultatet i studien visar att tre av speciallärarna i matematik ser extra anpassningar som ett enklare mellansteg mellan elevens behov och särskilt stöd men att anpassningar inte upplevs som en ny företeelse bland lärarna. Däremot är det ingen av speciallärarna i matematik som upplever att arbetet med extra anpassningar har minskat den administrativa bördan.   I resultatet framgår även att speciallärarna i matematik inte upplever någon tydlig gräns mellan extra anpassningar och särskilt stöd utan det är insatsens karaktär som är avgörande. Resultatet visar också att omfattning, varaktighet och ingripande karaktär är viktiga parametrar i definitionen av särskilt stöd. I studien kan också olika specialpedagogiska perspektiv urskiljas vars betydelse framträder i speciallärarnas beskrivningarna av konsekvenserna för såväl skolans arbete som i förhållningssättet till elever i behov av stöd.   För att de nya bestämmelserna kring stödinsatser ska få önskad effekt är det av betydelse att speciallärare i matematik har den kompetens som krävs för att bedöma och tolka extra anpassningar och särskilt stöd i syfte att kunna vägleda matematiklärare i arbetet mot att elever ska nå målen för utbildningen. / The aim of this study is to investigate special adjustments and special support in the mathematics education from a special education teacher in mathematics perspective. The study has a hermeneutical approach. Accordingly, semi-structured interviews with four special education teachers in mathematics from grade F-6 and grade 7-9 has been used to gain an understanding of how special education teachers in mathematics view the new directives in the school law regarding support measures.  The analytical tools that has been used are the Swedish School Law, the curriculum (Lgr 11) , general advice from the Ministry of Education and perspectives on special education. The result of the study shows that three of the special education teachers in mathematics see the special adjustments as a path between the students’ needs and special support but the teachers doesn´t regard it as anything new. However, none of the special education teachers in mathematics notice any decrease in administrative burden in the work of special adjustments. Also noticeable from the results, is that the special education teachers in mathematics experience make no difference between the special adjustments and special support. Rather, it was the character of the special educational support that was definitive. The result also shows that the width, length and level of involvement are important indicators when measuring special support. In the study different perspective on special education can be noticed in the special education teachers in mathematics descriptions of the consequences for both the school's work as in the approach to students in need of support. So, if the new laws regarding special educational support will have the desired effect, it is necessary that the special education teachers in mathematics have the required level of competence to interpret what special adjustments and special support is and being able to guide teacher in mathematics to be able to guide students to achive the educational goals.

Thesis (MEdPsych)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Education White Paper 6, implemented in 2001, completed a significant period of policy development and change after the end of Apartheid in South Africa. The change in South African educational policy and the schooling system has given rise to many changes in the governance of special schools; this has further influenced this study. Education White Paper 6 (2001) introduced a comprehensive range of educational support services; schools now include mainstream schools, full-service schools and special schools. These schools offer varying levels of support with the view to minimise barriers to learning. While this research was conducted in a private special school, the parents who participated had all transitioned their child from a mainstream school. This research study attempted to understand parents’ perspectives of transitioning their child from a mainstream school to a special school, focusing in particular on parents whose children were in the Senior Phase of their school career. Bronfenbrenner’s bio-ecological model was used as the theoretical framework for this study because of the overlapping systems that are interconnected and influence the participants’ lives and the lives of their children. For the research study, the parents were placed in the centre of the model; the other microsystems include the school, family and the child. This study made use of a qualitative case study design and a qualitative methodology which is rooted within an interpretive paradigm. Purposeful sampling was used to select the parents from the selected special school in the Southern Suburbs of Cape Town, as participants for the study. The study made use of three measures to collect data; a semi-structured interview, a life-line activity, as well as an open-ended questionnaire the parents were asked to complete at home. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data generated by means of the three data collection methods. The findings of this research paper suggest that the transient process at a later stage in the child’s academic career was a difficult experience for the parents who participated in the study. However, as the children gradually adjusted to the change, the parents felt the move had been worth it and had experienced a positive change in their children’s academic achievements. It should also be noted that the parents’ perspectives on special education were not based on the policy documents governing the South African school system and more parental education is needed regarding this area. While the findings of the study cannot be generalised to all schools in South Africa, from this research study recommendations could be made to the special school to assist in ensuring a smoother transition for both the parents and the learner. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Onderwyswitskrif 6 wat in 2001 geïmplementeer is het die periode van die beleidsverandering ná die beëindiging van apartheid in Suid-Afrika voltooi. Die verandering in die Suid-Afrikaanse opvoedkundige beleid en die skoolstelsel het aanleiding gegee tot baie veranderinge in die bestuur van spesiale skole, en dit het hierdie studie beïnvloed. Onderwyswitskrif 6 (2001) het 'n omvattende reeks van opvoedkundige ondersteuningsdienste voorgestel wat die volgende strukture insluit; hoofstroom-, voldiens- en spesiale skole. Hierdie skole bied verskillende vlakke van ondersteuning aan met die oog om die hindernisse tot leer te oorbrug. Die navorsing is vanuit 'n privaat spesiale skool gedoen. Die ouers wat deelnemers aan die navorsing was, het hulle kinders uit 'n hoofstroomskool gehaal en oorgeplaas na ‘n spesiale skool. Hierdie navorsingstudie het gepoog om ouers se perspektiewe te verstaan rakende die oorplasing van hulle kind vanuit ‘n hoofstroomskool na 'n spesiale skool, met spesifieke fokus op die ouers wie se kinders in die Senior Fase van hul skoolloopbaan was. Bronfenbrenner se bio-ekologiese model is as die teoretiese raamwerk vir hierdie studie gebruik in die lig van die klem op die oorvleuelende sisteme wat met mekaar verbind is en die invloed daarvan op die deelnemers se lewens en die lewens van hul kinders. Vir hierdie navorsingstudie is die ouers in die middel van die model geplaas, met die skool, gesin en die kind as verdere mikrosisteme. Hierdie studie het van 'n kwalitatiewe gevallestudie en 'n kwalitatiewe metodologie gebruik gemaak wat in 'n interpretatiewe paradigma gegrond is. Doelgerigte steekproefneming is gebruik om die ouers te kies uit die aangewese spesiale skool in die suidelike voorstede van Kaapstad, as deelnemers vir die studie. Die studie het gebruik gemaak van drie maatreëls om data in te samel: 'n semi-gestruktureerde onderhoud, 'n lewens-lyn aktiwiteit, en 'n oop vraelys wat die ouers tuis voltooi het. Kwalitatiewe inhoudsanalise is gebruik om die data wat gegenereer is deur middel van die drie data–insamelingsmetodes, te ontleed. Die bevindinge van hierdie navorsing suggereer dat die oorgangsperiode op 'n later stadium in die kind se akademiese loopbaan 'n moeilike ervaring vir die ouers, wat aan die studie deelgeneem het, was. Namate die kinders egter by hulle veranderde omstandighede aangepas het, het die ouers gevoel dat die skuif die moeite werd was en hulle het 'n positiewe verandering in hul kinders se akademiese prestasies opgemerk. Kennis moet ook daarvan geneem word dat die perspektief van die ouers op spesiale onderwys nie gebaseer was op die beleidsdokumente van die Suid-Afrikaanse skoolstelsel nie. Dit beklemtoon dat ouerontwikkeling ten opsigte van hierdie aspek noodsaaklik is. Die bevindinge van die studie kan wel nie na alle skole in Suid-Afrika veralgemeen word nie, maar daar kan vanuit hierdie navorsing aanbevelings gemaak word om spesiale skole by te staan ten einde die oorgang vir beide ouers en leerders makliker te maak.

Denna studie är kvalitativ med intervjuer och litteraturstudier. Syftet har varit att undersöka läroplanen och uppdraget hos några anställda som har som målgrupp ”elever i behov av särskilt stöd”. Lärarna har inte likadan vidareutbildning. Min uppsats handlar om en del av den utbildning som finns för att kunna arbeta med elever i behov av särskilt stöd. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna är allmänna och gäller även för lärare med grundutbildning. Läroplanen, Lgr 11, griper tag i texten genomgående. Efter vidareutbildning för elever i behov av särskilt stöd kan man få många olika anställningar och uppdrag. Denna undersökning har belyst tre porträtt av två speciallärare och en specialpedagog. De har trots namnet inte samma uppdrag, men i vissa avsnitt har de vissa likheter. I intervjuerna framkommer att alla tre arbetar med elever i behov av särskilt stöd och den mesta undervisningen är organiserad på det viset att den är enskild. Alla tre, fyra med ett bortfall, arbetar på samma skola på landsbygden, dvs inte i storstadsområde. De ser möjligheterna med sitt uppdrag, men det är inte alltid som kunskaperna och kompetensen får chans att komma fram. I resultatredovisningen och analysen blir det tydligt att det finns något karakteristiskt med de lärare som vidareutbildar sig för uppdrag med elever i behov av särskilt stöd. Jag vill dock påpeka att detta är endast tre lärares uppfattning. Teoriavsnittet, med läroplanen som övergripande styrdokument, är valt för att läroplanen är så pass ny att den ännu inte har hunnit implementeras i skolorna, medan man säger att den är en del av uppdraget. Alla tre har de erfarenhet av att ingå i skolans pedagogiska ledningsgrupp. Studien tar även upp förväntningar med utbildning och anställning hos de intervjuade lärarna. En slutsats är: utbildning har betydelse både för att utföra uppdraget och för att få uppdraget. / This study is based on qualitative interviews and literature studies. The aim was to examine the mission statement of teachers who have been targeting “students in need of special support”. The teachers do not have the same training. My essay is about teacher training available to work with pupils with special needs. The theoretical approach is general and also applies to teachers with basic training. The curriculum, LGR 11, grabs the text throughout. After education for pupils with special needs it is possible to have many different jobs and assignments. This study has highlighted three portraits of specially educated teachers. They have, despite the name, not the same mission, but in some sections they have some similarities. The interviews reveal that all three are working with pupils with special needs and most of the teaching is organized in the sense that it is individual. All three, four with a dropout, are working at the same school in a rural area, that is, not in a metropolitan area. They see the potential of their mission, but it is not always that knowledge and expertise have the chance to surface. In the performance reporting and analysis, it becomes clear that there are a characteristic of the teachers in training for the mission with students in need of special support. I would point out that this is only three teachers' perception. Theory section, with the curriculum as an overall policy documents, is chosen as the curriculum is so new that it still had yet to be implemented in schools, while it is part of the mission. All three have experience to be part of the school's educational team. The study also outlines expectations with education and employment with the informants. One conclusion is that education is important both for performing the task and to get the assignment.

Magistro darbe analizuojamas vaikų dienos centrų vaidmuo tenkinant mokinių specialiuosius ugdymosi poreikius. Tyrime dalyvavo 109 dalyviai: 60 Šiaulių miesto bendrojo lavinimo mokyklų pedagogų, 40 Lietuvoje veikiančių vaikų dienos centrų darbuotojų, 5 Šiauliuose įsikūrusio dienos centro ugdytiniai, 3 minėto dienos centro ugdytinių tėvai (globėjai) ir specialioji pedagogė. Anketinės apklausos metodu siekta išsiaiškinti, bendrojo lavinimo mokyklų atstovų žinių pobūdį apie vaikų dienos centrus ir požiūrį į juose vykdomą veiklą bei galimą bendradarbiavimą. Taip pat, tirta Lietuvje veikiančių dienos centrų darbuotojų nuomonė, apie jų įstaigų veiklą, siūlomas paslaugas, pagalbos pobūdį. Siekta įvertinti vaikų dienos centrų teikiamų paslaugų įvairovę ir kryptingumą mokyklinio amžiaus vaikams ir jų tėvams. Užsibrėžta išsiaiškinti, kiek vaikų dienos centrus lankančių mokinių turi specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių. Interviu apklausa tirta specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių turinčių mokinių bei jų tėvų nuomonė apie dienos centrus ir juose teikiamas paslaugas. Taip pat, siekta atskleisti vaikų dienos centro, kaip papildomo resurso, tenkinant specialiųjų ugdymo(si) poreikių turinčių mokinių poreikius galimybę. Tyrimu nustatyta, kad didelė dalis mokyklų pedagogų mažai domisi vaikų užimtumu po pamokų, nežino, ar jų klasės ugdytiniai lanko dienos centrą. Pripažįstamas informacijos apie vaikų dienos centrus trūkumas. Labiau pabrėžiamas teigiamas vaikų dienos centrų vaidmuo mokinių užimtumo ir ugdymo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The Master‘s thesis analyses the role of day care centers in meeting needs of pupils with special educational needs. To reach the result, was used questinnaire method. 109 people were involved in researc: 60 school pedagogues from Siauliai, 40 day care center specialists from all over Lithuania, 5 pupils from the day care center of Siauliai, 3 patents and a special needs educator who works in the same day care center. The main task of the questinnaire method was to find out the schools of general education knowledge of the nature of the child day care centers, and they approach to their current activities and possible cooperation. Also to find out the day care center specialist opinion about their institutions, the services offered and the nature of assistance. The objective was to assess the children's day care centers for the various services provided and the orientation of school-age children and their parents. Aims to determine the number of children attending day care centers to students with special educational needs. Interview Survey were studied the special needs students and their parents' views on a day care center and its services. It also aimed to reveal the child day care center as an additional resource to meet the needs of special education (learning) needs of students with access needs. The study found that a large part of the school teachers have little interest in children's after-school jobs, do not know whether the class of learners attending day care... [to full text]

This thesis deals with the education of autistic children. It is divided into ten chapters where further presents the history of autism, autistic spectrum disorders division, the diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorders, then focuses on the triad problem areas, which include communication, social behavior and imagination. Another chapter deals with the education of children with autism. The last chapter consists of methods for educating children with autism. In the practical part presents research that I conducted using a questionnaire. Furthermore, there are some interviews with experts on autism and teaching assistants.

This diploma thesis elaborates on the matters of individualisation and differentiation of education in elementary schooling. The theoretical part is focusing on technical and theoretical problem solution. The aim of the practical part is to look at the variety of possibilities between individualisation and differentiation of education of the instructor's own 4th grade class, while looking at a particular example of two students in that class. The practical part finds solutions from this active research that is interpreted as a case study, and describes the process of individualisation and differentiation from the point of view of working with teaching devices.

This thesisi deals with the inclusive education of children, pupils and students with special educational needs in the current elementary school. In the theoretical part of the thesis there are defined terms as inclusion and inclusive education, pupils with special educational needs, assistant teacher, school advisory facilities. I have tried to clarify inclusive education and summarize the conditions that are important for the integration of pupils with special educational needs in primary school. As a goal in the practical part, I have set the specification of the advantages or disadvantages of inclusive education in a particular case at school that is engaged in this form of education. The class of celected school, where incorporated nine pupils are educated according to an individual education plan, is described in more detail. Supporting investigation, guided interview technique is shown in the next section of inclusive education from the perspective of legal representatives - mothers of pupils with special educational needs. The questionnaire survey was to determine how schools in the district of Kladno work with inclusive education. Keywords: inclusion, inclusive education, pupils with special educational needs, individual education plan, inclusive teacher, assistant teacher

The thesis deals with various approaches of primary school teachers to pupils with Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The theoretical part describes in detail the etiology of ADHD, the problems of ADHD children experienced in the learning process of primary education, as well as individual needs of ADHD students and recommended approaches of teachers to these students. It deals with possibilities of treatments. The empirical part is based on a survey performed among parents of primary school students with ADHD focusing on parents' perceptions of teachers' attitude toward pupils. Teachers' point of view and perceptions were gained through interviews. The results are summared and suggestions for thinking about it have been made in the end of the thesis.

This thesis is focused on issues of inclusive education and diversity of pupils at common basic schools, specifically on the pupils with specific learning disabilities integrated in mainstream schools and using cooperative learning in these classes. The thesis is devided into theoretical part and research part, in the first part there are written up necessary theoretical basis for reasearch part and there are also outlined controversial questions of current school system. Research part is focused on using cooperative learning in classes where children with specific learning disabilities are integrated. Results of research executed at basic schools of Prague and central bohemian region are included.

The thesis deals with the topic of inclusion, which is currently up to date and extensive because it affects many lives. Teachers and pupils, teacher assistants, parents, professionals and the wider public. This work deals with the theoretical definition of inclusion as such, based on current laws and literature. It provides a comprehensive view of information about inclusion, including its impact on school climate and individual classes that directly affect the health of all school life participants. It also describes in detail the environment of a small school with composite classes in the Czech Republic, which is crucial in the practical part of this work. The aim of the thesis is to find out the opinions, experiences and feelings of the teaching assistants at the village class school, which concern the education of pupils with special educational needs. It also includes a description of the real situation at the first stage of a small school with composite classes and the finding of the number and type of pupils with special educational needs. The key method was to select interviews with teacher assistants, with questions focused on day-to-day activities and relationships between teacher assistants and other school life participants. Subsequently they are analyzed and on the basis of evaluation...