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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
141

A correspondência entre Espinosa e Henry Oldenburg / The correspondence between Spinoza and Henry Oldenburg

Ferreira, Samuel Thimounier 19 June 2019 (has links)
Esta dissertação compõe uma história da correspondência, produzida de 1661 a 1676, entre o filósofo holandês Bento de Espinosa (1632-1677) e o alemão Henry Oldenburg (ca. 1619-1677), Secretário fundador da Royal Society e das Philosophical transactions, primeira revista do mundo dedicada exclusivamente à filosofia natural. O presente estudo visa a apresentar e analisar os principais temas tratados nas vinte e oito cartas supérstites, evidenciando a relevante contribuição dessa correspondência ao entendimento de certos aspectos da filosofia de Espinosa. Dividida em três períodos cronológicos, a análise resultante expõe, sumariamente, questionamentos sobre a metafísica espinosana, oposições sobre o cristianismo, além de um intercâmbio de informações políticas e científicas. Por fim, na conclusão, fornece-se uma síntese interpretativa de toda a problemática discutida, a fim de identificar um fio condutor entre os três períodos. Subsidiariamente, este trabalho também compreende o original latino, a tradução e a anotação de todas as cartas pertencentes à correspondência estudada. Complementa esse conjunto textual três cartas obtidas e anotadas por Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716), cuja tradução, acompanhada do original latino, também se apresenta. / This thesis composes a history of the correspondence, written from 1661 to 1676, between the Dutch philosopher Benedict de Spinoza (1632-1677) and the German Henry Oldenburg (ca. 1619- 1677), founding Secretary of the Royal Society and editor of the Philosophical transactions, world\'s first journal dedicated exclusively to natural philosophy. The present study aims at presenting and analyzing the main themes dealt with in the twenty-eight remaining letters, evidencing the relevant contribution of this correspondence to the understanding of certain aspects of the philosophy of Spinoza. Divided into three chronological periods, the resulting analysis briefly exposes questions about Spinozas metaphysics, oppositions about christianity, and an exchange of political and scientific informations. Finally, in the conclusion, an interpretative synthesis of the whole problematic is provided in order to identify a guiding thread between the three periods. Subsidiarily, this work also includes the original latin text, translation and annotation of all letters belonging to the correspondence studied. This textual set is complemented by three letters obtained and annotated by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716), whose translation and latin text are also presented.
142

Imaginação e profecias no \'Tratado teológico-político\' de Espinosa / Imagination and profecies in Spinoza\'s \'theological-political treatise\'

Persch, Sérgio Luis 10 September 2007 (has links)
O foco principal da pesquisa é o capítulo I do Tratado teológico-político, no qual Espinosa discorre sobre as profecias. A exposição dos diferentes tipos de imagens proféticas mostra como, de maneira geral, a imaginação se constitui nos homens e como dela segue o conhecimento imaginativo. Os traços constitutivos da imaginação são idênticos em todo o gênero humano. Por conseguinte, Espinosa descreve a origem natural das imagens proféticas, negando a realidade do milagre ou de qualquer interferência divina extraordinária na natureza, já que a ordem natural segue leis necessárias que são, elas próprias, os decretos eternos de Deus. Tendo por exigência básica do método interpretativo prestar fidelidade à Escritura, o autor do Teológico-político a examina como uma coisa particular da natureza, elabora a história crítica dela com base na determinação natural de sua existência. À descrição histórica das profecias corresponde a dedução genética da imaginação efetuada na Parte II da Ética. Com base na estreita relação entre as duas obras, esta pesquisa consiste numa tentativa de provar que o ordenamento metódico dos diferentes tipos de profecias se funda e, ao mesmo tempo, explica a teoria espinosana da imaginação. A tipologia das imagens proféticas é um fator importante para se compreender a composição textual do Tratado e sua dimensão crítica frente à Escritura e aos intérpretes que, direta ou indiretamente, aparecem como interlocutores de Espinosa. / The research main focus is the Theological-political treatise first chapter, in wich Spinoza makes a speechs about prophecies. The exposition of different types of predictive images shows how, generally, the imagination constitutes in men and ho w the imaginative knowledge follows from it. The imagination constituent traces are identical in all human sort. Therefore, Spinoza describes the natural origin of predictive images, denying the miracle reality or any divine extraordinary interference in nature, since the natural order follows necessary laws, which are, themselves, the perpetual decrees of God. Having as his basic requeriment the interpretative method giving allegiance to the Scripture, the author of the Theological-political Treatise examines it as a particular thing, he elaborates its critical history based on its existence natural determination. To the prophecies historical description corresponds the imagination deduction effectued in Ethic\'s Part II. Based on the narrow relation between the two works, this research consists in proving that the methodical order of the different types of prophecies is established on, and, at the same time, explaining the spinozist imagination theory. The prophetical images tipology is an important factor to comprehend the Treatise\'s textual composition and its critical dimension front to Scripture and to interpreters who, directly or indirectly, appears as Spinoza\'s interlocutors.
143

Situating Vine Deloria, Jr.'s Philosophy of Science

Southall, Joel 18 August 2015 (has links)
This thesis provides a view of Deloria's thoughts on science and metaphysics, presenting his criticism of Western science and of his proposed alternative to what he presents as a historically evidenced epistemic attitude of exclusion. Deloria refers to Thomas Kuhn and Paul Feyerabend, suggesting that the institution of Western science operates according to a paradigm that is both very different from that of traditional Indigenous knowledge practice and fundamentally exclusionary. A potential of communication between Western science and Indigenous knowledge is possible through paradigm shifts as well as through reference to epistemic anarchy. My presentation of Deloria's description of Indigenous metaphysics includes an account of an agential ontology and place-grounded epistemology with reference to Daniel R. Wildcat, Baruch Spinoza, Scott L. Pratt, and others. Ultimately, Deloria breaks with Feyerabend's epistemological anarchy in light of our contemporary environmental predicament and advocates a more restrained, relational epistemology.
144

Sobre a elaboração de uma ciência das paixões em Descartes, Hobbes e Espinosa / On the development of a science of the passions in Descartes, Hobbes and Spinoza

Jesus, Paula Bettani Mendes de 21 July 2015 (has links)
A presente dissertação tem dois objetivos que se entrecruzam. De um lado pretendemos analisar a maneira pela qual as paixões humanas foram compreendidas por Descartes, Hobbes e Espinosa. Pois em oposição a tradicional concepção segundo a qual a dimensão afetiva do homem, isto é, suas paixões são vícios e distúrbios da natureza, portanto, opostas à razão e à virtude, os três filósofos defendem o seu caráter natural. Em outras palavras, as paixões são intrínsecas ao homem, têm causas necessárias e determinadas, e não podem ser suprimidas de sua natureza, pois fazem parte da sua condição de ser no mundo. No entanto, pela força que exercem sobre o homem e suas ações devem ser conhecidas. A partir desse primeiro objetivo, e de maneira concomitante, pretendemos demarcar a singularidade do pensamento de Espinosa com relação ao de Descartes e Hobbes, pois se é certo que, como eles, Espinosa defende a naturalidade das paixões, é certo, na mesma medida, que assume um pensamento bastante singular, sobretudo ao operar com os conceitos de ação e paixão para explicar a relação que há entre mente e corpo: estes são ativos ou passivos juntos, o corpo não atua contra a mente, nem a mente contra o corpo. Isso evidencia sua ruptura não apenas com a tradição, mas também com seus contemporâneos. / The thesis hereafter aims to fulfill two interweaving goals. On the one hand, we pretend to analyze the way in which human passions were understood by Descartes, Hobbes, and Spinoza. As opposed to the traditional idea of mens affective dimension (i.e. their passions as vices and disturbances affecting nature, therefore opposed to reason and virtue), the three philosophers defend their natural characteristics, that is to say, that passions are intrinsic to men, have necessary and determined causes, and cant be stripped of its very nature, for they are part of their being within this world. However, given the force they exert upon men and their actions, they must be studied and known in order to be tempered. On the other hand, concomitantly, and guiding ourselves by the first goal, we pretend to pursue a second objective, which consists of highlighting the distinctiveness of Spinozas thinking in relation to Descartes and Hobbes. Whereas it is true that, as they also do, Spinoza advocates for the naturalness of passions, it is also true that he takes on a rather singular thinking, especially when dealing with action and passion concepts to explain mind-body relationships: these are either both active or passive, neither the body goes against the mind, nor vice-versa. This shows his rupture with tradition as well as with his contemporary fellows.
145

Coerência e comunidade em Espinosa / Coherence and community in Spinoza

Oliveira, Fernando Bonadia de 18 September 2015 (has links)
Este trabalho desenvolve uma investigação sobre as noções de coerência e comunidade nas obras de Bento de Espinosa (1632-1677), em especial na Ética demonstrada em ordem geométrica. A noção de coerência, entendida como modo pelo qual as partes da natureza se relacionam para compor o todo do universo, é um problema central em toda a história da filosofia. Espinosa também se posicionou em relação a essa questão, formulando uma teoria que procura explicar a relação entre as partes do universo sem recorrer a nenhuma causa exterior a ele, configurando assim uma filosofia da imanência. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo da pesquisa consiste em mostrar como o problema da coerência apareceu em diferentes campos da obra espinosana, sendo sempre solucionado através de uma mesma explicação imanente da natureza, que se estabeleceu definitivamente com a introdução da noção de comum na cadeia dedutiva da Ética. Para isso, partimos de uma perspectiva histórica e examinamos inicialmente algumas cartas de Espinosa, verificando como a pergunta sobre a coerência da natureza foi ali respondida. Posteriormente, ao analisar a Ética, apresentamos como, em cada de uma de suas cinco partes, a ideia de comunidade se faz presente, emergindo tanto no campo especulativo quanto no campo prático. / This work develops and investigation about the notions of coherence and community in Baruch Spinozas (1632-1677) works, especially in the Ethics Demonstrated in Geometrical Order. The notion of coherence, understood as mode through which the parts of nature relate to each other to compose the whole of the universe, is a central problem to the whole history of philosophy. Spinoza also took a stand on this issue, formulating a theory that tries to explain the relation among the parts of the universe without resorting to any cause external to it, thus configuring a philosophy of immanence. In this perspective, the aim of the thesis consists in showing how the problem of coherence appeared in different fields of Spinozas works, always being solved by the same immanent explanation of nature, which was definitely established by the introduction of the notion of common into the deductive chain of the Ethics. For this purpose, we start from a historical perspective and initially examine some of Spinozas letters, verifying how the question concerning the coherence of nature was answered. Afterwards, analyzing the Ethics, we show how the idea of community is present in each of its five parts, emerging both in the speculative field and in the field of practice.
146

Narrações da Natureza: a concepção espinosista da verdade no Tractatus de Intellectus Emendatione / Natural narratives: the Spinozan conception of truth in the Tractatus de Intellectus Emendatione

Machado Filho, Moysés Floriano 15 October 2007 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho é o exame da concepção espinosista da verdade, com ênfase no Tractatus de intellectus emendatione (TIE). Para tanto, empreendemos a análise da teoria das idéias, presente nesse texto, em um cotejo com as demais obras do autor. Apesar disso, privilegiamos o TIE dentre as demais, com o propósito de mostrar que essa obra não é uma fase superada. Com efeito, tem-se considerado o TIE como um fracasso de Espinosa pelo fato de o filósofo não ter conseguido nele elaborar a definição do intelecto. Entretanto, o que pretendemos mostrar é que, mesmo se nao inteiramente explicitada, a definição do intelecto pode ser ali encontrada e que, portanto, a tradicional interpretacao dos editores e comentadores - apesar de longamente endossada - está equivocada. De fato, tornou-se uma convenção dizer que o TIE não possui uma densa articulação com o sistema espinosista. Mostraremos, ao contrario, que ela não apenas existe, mas pode ser perfeitamente comprovada. / The objective of this work is to investigate the Spinozan concept of truth, with emphasis on the Tractatus de intellectus emendatione (TIE). In order to do so, we have analysed his theory of ideas, presented in this text, in close comparison with that presented in the rest of Spinoza\'s work. Despite this, we have given pride of place to the TIE over the rest, with the firm purpose of showing that this work is not merely a passing phase. In effect, the TIE has been considered, over the years, a Spinoza failure for its (apparent) lack of elaboration of the definition of the intellect. However, what we intend to do is to show that, even if not in an explicit way, the definition of the intellect is there and, therefore, that the editors\' and commentators\' traditional interpretation - despite its being amply endorsed - is wrong. In fact, it has become conventional to say that the TIE does not articulate easily with the core of Spinoza\'s system. It is our purpose, nonetheless, to show that not only does this articulation exist, but also that it can be thoroughly and consistently supported.
147

Tempo, duração e eternidade na filosofia de Espinosa / Time, duration and eternity in Spinozas Philosophy

Itokazu, Ericka Marie 12 December 2008 (has links)
Numerosos são os estudos sobre a eternidade na filosofia de Espinosa, contudo, poucas são as pesquisas sobre o tempo e a duração, afinal, por que perguntar-se sobre o tempo numa filosofia da eternidade? Diferentemente dos seus primeiros escritos, na sua obra máxima, a Ética, a singularidade da definição espinosana da eternidade e da duração encontra-se justamente em se restringir à relação entre essência e existência, sem qualquer relação com o tempo. Contudo, acompanhando a gênese dos conceitos de tempo, duração e eternidade, desde os seus primeiros escritos até a Ética, veremos como este deslocamento conceitual revela um duplo movimento: é por desvincular o tempo da duração e da eternidade que a existência ganhará uma profundidade ontológica, ética e política; por outro lado, o tempo ganhará preponderante papel na constituição da imaginação. Nesse duplo movimento, compreenderemos como os conceitos de duração e eternidade, que têm sua terra natal em âmbito ontológico, permitem iluminar outras paisagens, estas sim diretamente vinculadas ao problema da temporalidade: a vida passional e a vida política. / There are numerous studies about the eternity in Spinozas philosophy, however, there are few researches about the time and duration, after all, why to ask on the times quote in a philosophy of the eternity? Differently of his first writings, in Ethics, the singularity of Spinozas definition of eternity and duration is exactly going to restrict essence and existence relation, without any relation with time. However, following the time, duration and eternity concepts genesis, since his first writings until the Ethics, we will see how this conceptual displacement opens to a double movement: for separating duration and eternity from time, the human existence will gain a ontological, ethical and politics depth; on the other hand, time will gain prominent role in the imaginations constitution. In this double movement, we will understand how these concepts, duration and eternity, that has its native land in ontological scope, allows us to illuminate other landscapes directly tied with the problem of the temporality: the passional life and the political life.
148

Creativity, relationality, affect, ethics: outlining a modest (aesthetic) ontology

Tiessen, Matthew P 11 1900 (has links)
Are artists autonomous agents? Are they individuals? Engaging with these seemingly commonsensical questions is the objective of this doctoral dissertation. Moreover, my answer to both questions is: no. My objective herein, then, will be to develop the following argument: that because the individual elements of creative, art-producing networks are so profoundly relational, to speak of individual elements or of agents or artists at all is to describe an incomplete picture. After all, how can any individual action occur or individual element exist in the absence of that upon which that action is enacted, or without that action being made possible by another element or "individual"? By engaging with these questions this dissertation challenges conventional notions of creativity, individuality, and agency by suggesting that creative forms of expression for example: artistic, technological, social, political are always collective enunciations that issue forth and come into being as products of interdependent relationships. I dismantle and then recast how we think about artistic creativity by arguing that if individuals are so intertwined with their networks that their very capacities are produced by the networks relationality itself, they (individuals) might be able to be (categorically) dispensed with entirely. In other words, I begin to ponder the question: How can we think about networks without thinking or making assumptions about individuals? I suggest that emphasizing that relationships are the generative actors that produce actuality compels us to rethink anthropocentric assumptions, and can lead to more open and creative ways of relating to the world around us. I conclude by arguing that since our fate, existence, and identity as creators is inextricably linked to, and determined by, our relations with others, we must predispose ourselves to this co-fatedness by recalling Nietzsches invocation that we embrace and be open to our fate by loving it that we amor fati. In other words, in order to attune ourselves to the fullest range of possibilities in a situation in order to be truly creative and to become-artist we must become open to the creative potential of relationality itself, even if it requires that we assume a more modest view of ourselves. / Cultural Theory and Visual Art
149

Identité et démocratie : essai sur les possibilités du vivre ensemble

Blanchette, Philippe-David January 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Le souci qui a présidé à cet essai fut celui de savoir si les conditions de nos sociétés actuelles contenaient les éléments nécessaires au vivre ensemble. La question de l'individu comme possible citoyen dans un espace postmoderne et dans une société laissée vide de signifiant, crée des conditions qui nécessitent l'expression de notre pouvoir individuel afin de contrer l'effondrement des milieux. Nous avons exploré le processus de formation de l'identité de manière à trouver si, à l'intérieur d'un processus aussi intime, résidaient les germes d'une possible cohabitation entre les individus. Notre recherche s'est déployée autour de trois axes: le rapport de l'individu avec le monde qui l'entoure, le rapport de l'individu avec soi-même et le rapport de l'individu avec l'autre. Nous avons puisé notre inspiration principalement dans la pensée spinoziste et dans la pensée deleuzienne afin d'explorer les conséquences du travail identitaire de l'individu sur lui-même et, du même coup, sur son rapport à l'autre. Nous avons fait ressortir toutes les incidences politiques des pratiques de soi de manière à répondre à notre question par l'affirmative. Oui il réside à l'intérieur du travail sur soi la possibilité, nous dirons même la nécessitée, du vivre ensemble, ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Le devenir, L’éthique, La force éthique, Le désir et la joie, Le souci de soi, La distance éthique, Les notions communes, La connaissance du 3e genre, La contagion.
150

Spinoza et l'idée de tolérance

Simard Delisle, Guillaume January 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Dans ce mémoire, nous voudrions démontrer que Spinoza n'est pas (contrairement aux idées toutes faites) un apologiste de la tolérance religieuse, car il juge que l'idée de tolérance appartient à une conception erronée de la religion. La tolérance religieuse est le fait de tolérer un mal: l'hérésie. Cette idée repose donc sur le préjugé que la religion a pour fonction d'unifier les hommes autour de croyances orthodoxes. Or, pour Spinoza, les représentations religieuses sont nécessairement hétérodoxes puisqu'elles dépendent partiellement de l'imaginaire individuel. De plus, la religion n'est pas un discours visant à répondre à des questions théoriques. Son objectif est plutôt d'unifier le corps social en instituant des normes intersubjectives. Spinoza établit également une corrélation directe entre les conflits religieux et cette mécompréhension du phénomène religieux. En faisant miroiter l'idéal d'orthodoxie, les théologiens ont détourné la religion de son véritable objectif, qui est de soumettre les hommes à des règles imaginaires dans un but politique. Le premier chapitre contient une analyse de l'épistémologie spinoziste. Nous y comparons la pensée rationnelle et la croyance, et tirons la conclusion que cette dernière est nécessairement multiple, thèse qui contribue à la réflexion sur la nature et la fonction de la croyance religieuse qui fait l'objet du troisième chapitre. Le deuxième chapitre vise avant tout à expliquer pourquoi l'idée de tolérance est absente dans l'Éthique de Spinoza. Nous y présentons les critiques des dogmes fondamentaux qui entourent la question du salut, laquelle est au coeur du débat sur la tolérance. Nous abordons principalement les critiques spinozistes du libre-arbitre, du péché originel et de l'immortalité de l'âme. Le troisième chapitre porte essentiellement sur la pensée politique de Spinoza. Nous y abordons le rôle pratique de la religion et de l'imagination, ainsi que la question du rapport entre le théologique et le politique. Nous mettons notamment en lumière le fait que la constitution d'une Église orthodoxe nuit considérablement à la puissance de l'État. Le dernier chapitre présente le combat qu'a livré Spinoza contre l'idéal d'orthodoxie religieuse. Nous exposons les grandes lignes de sa méthode d'interprétation de l'Écriture et les conclusions qu'il tire de sa lecture de la Bible quant à la fonction, au contenu et à l'autorité politique de la religion. Notre principal objectif est d'étudier à nouveaux frais, de façon aussi détaillée que possible, la contribution historique et philosophique de Spinoza à propos de l'idée de tolérance, en nous appuyant sur les textes eux-mêmes. Nous croyons que ses réflexions sont toujours actuelles et qu'elles peuvent nous éclairer sur le rôle et les responsabilités de l'État de droit moderne en ce qui concerne les pratiques religieuses. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Spinoza, Tolérance, Politique, Religion et Herméneutique.

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