O presente estudo teve como objetivo, estabelecer o modelo da estrutura do desempenho esportivo por meio das adaptações antropométricas e motoras de atletas de equipe de voleibol masculino, adotando o ciclo de preparação da Seleção Brasileira Sub-19 para o Campeonato Mundial, no ano de 2005. A amostra foi intencional e composta por 12 atletas, com média de idade de 17,76+0,71 anos. Para o volume de treinamento, foi adotada a análise documental a partir de manuscritos elaborados pela comissão técnica. As variáveis analisadas nas três avaliações foram organizadas na seguinte ordem: Carga horária de treinamento; Antropométricas (estatura, massa corporal, somatória de sete dobras cutâneas, percentual de gordura); Potência de membros superiores (arremesso de “medicine ball” com três quilogramas); Potência de membros inferiores (saltos contramovimentos, “squat jump”, altura de alcance de salto de ataque e bloqueio, impulsão de saltos de ataque e bloqueio); Agilidade e resistência de velocidade (deslocamentos em 30m e 78m); Resistência muscular localizada (abdominais 30 segundos). Para verificar a influência do tempo de treinamento nas adaptações do desempenho foi utilizado o Modelo Linear Geral de Medidas Repetidas; para analisar e explicar a correlação entre as variáveis foi utilizada a Análise Fatorial das Componentes Principais. Os resultados encontrados permitem estabelecer as seguintes distribuições do volume de treinamento das categorias: treinamento físico: 94,92 horas (31,35%), treinamento técnico: 79,83 horas (36,32%), treinamento tático: 125,72 horas (41,53%) e o treinamento psicológico apenas 2,25 horas (0,74%). Em relação às variáveis e a influência do fator “treinamento”, na mudança das médias, identificamos valores com poder de observação superior a 99,9% para as variáveis estatura (F=93,15, p=0,000) e agilidade (F=26,08, p=0,000); 98,9% alcance de ataque (F=14,60, p=0,000); 97,4% resistência de velocidade (F=12,50, p=0,002); 96,3 % alcance de bloqueio (F=11,54, p=0,003); 91,1% impulsão de bloqueio (F=9,06, p=0,006); 89,7 % massa corporal (F=8,64, p=0,007); 86,3% resistência muscular localizada (F=7,79, p=0,009); 58,8% impulsão de ataque (F=4,12, p=0,050); 54,7% envergadura de bloqueio (F=3,75, p=0,061). O modelo das componentes principais produziu uma explicação da variabilidade total em cada avaliação (92,15% na primeira avaliação, 91,22% na segunda avaliação e 85,95% na última avaliação). O tempo destinado à duração das sessões de treinamento e a quantificação das categorias física e técnica demonstraram maior volume no período preparatório, com a finalidade de adaptar o organismo dos atletas para cargas mais intensas, conforme a aproximação do período competitivo. As adaptações durante a preparação demonstraram diferenças significativas e elevado poder de influência do treinamento nas variáveis antropométricas e motoras. O modelo do desempenho esportivo estabelece, com elevado percentual de variância nos três momentos de avaliação, a primeira componente (estatura e envergaduras de ataque e bloqueio), massa corporal e saltos específicos (alcance de ataque e bloqueio). Ao ser identificada a inter-relação entre as variáveis descritas, torna-se mais evidente a necessidade de se destinar maior atenção para os atletas mais altos, e consequentemente mais fortes. / This study had as objective to determine the structure of sport performance through the anthropometric and biomotor adaptations on the athletes from the male volleyball team during the macrocycle of under-19 Brazillian National Team in preparation to the 2005 world championship. The sample was composed of 12 athletes (17.76±0.71 years old). Training volume analysis was according to the manuscripts recorded by the coaches. The athletes were tested in three different moments and the measured variables were organized as followed: Training volume quantification; anthropometry (height, body mass, sum of seven skinfolds, % body fat); muscle power of the upper extremities ( 3 kg medicine ball throwing ); muscle power or the lower extremities ( squat jump. countermovement jump, attack and block height, attack and block vertical jumping height); shuttle test for agility ( 30 m) and shuttle test for speed resistance (78 m); abdominal strength (situps 30 s). The linear model for repeated measures was used to verify the influence of training time exposure on the adaptations on the performance; the factorial analysis of the mean components was used to analyze and explain the correlations among the variables. The results presented the following distribution for training volume: physical conditioning (94.92 hours – 31.35%); technical practices (79.83 hours – 36.32%), tactical training (125.72 hours – 41.53%) and psychological training (2.25 hours – 0.74%). Related to the measured variables and the influence of the training in the mean changes, it was identified values with observational power superior to 99.9% to the variables height (F=93.15, p=0.000) and shuttle test for agility (F=26.08, p=0.000); 98,9% attack height (F=14.60, p=0.000); 97,4% shuttle test for speed resistance (F=12.50, p=0.002); 96,3 % block height (F=11.54, p=0.003); 91,1% block vertical jump (F=9.06, p=0.006); 89,7% body mass (F=8.64, p=0.007); 86,3% abdominal strength (F=7.79, p=0.009); 58.8% attack vertical jump (F=4.12, p=0.050); 54,7% standing block height (F=3.75, p=0.061). The model of the principal components presented results that explained the total variability on each testing moment (92.15% moment 1; 91.22% moment 2; 85.95% moment 3). The time spent on training sessions and the quantification of the categories physical conditioning and technical practices demonstrated a highest volume at the preparatory period which aimed to promote adaptation on the athletes´ organism in order to prepare them to more intense work loads in direction to the competitive period. The adaptations occurred during the preparation revealed significant differences and high power of training volume influence in the anthropometric and biomotors variables. The model of sport performance demonstrated high percentage of variance at the three distinct testing moments, the first component (height and standing height for attack and block), body mass and specific jump tests (attack and block height). When identifying the inter-relation among the described variables, it is important to highlight the need to carefully deal with the tallest and consequently the strongest athletes.

The topic of my master thesis is monitoring of carbohydrate intake in sportsmen's diet. In the thesis, intake of carbohydrates as well as other macronutrients is monitored in order to evaluate, if athletes prefer other energy sources to carbohydrates and if their total energy intake is sufficient. If athletes prefer easily digestible carbohydrates or if they follow recommendation for healthy diet and increase their intake of whole foods, legumes, fruits and vegetables can be evaluated by monitoring fiber and sugar intake. All the monitored data are compared with non-athletes in order to see, in which field their diets vary. In the theoretical part, principles of sports nutrition are defined, basics of population recommendations are mentioned and methods of nutritional assessment and energy expenditure estimation are explained. In the practical part, five-day food-diaries of athletes and non-athletes are evaluated by NutriPro Expert software. Five-day physical activity diaries recorded during the same days are evaluated by using the Compendium of Physical Activities. All the studied values (energy intake, energy expenditure, carbohydrate, fat, protein, sugar, fiber and alcohol intake) were compared to recommended values for athletes and non- athletes and further compared among these two groups. The...

The economics of football has seen considerable changes over the last two decades. The total revenue for clubs in the top European leagues has risen dramatically, mostly due to bigger sponsor deals and more TV-income. This has made the world of football a giant industry where business strategy tends to play a bigger part. The majority of the research on the field has been devoted to how the sport performances of a football club affect the revenue of the club, but less attention has been paid to what impact the overall economics have on the clubs future success on the pitch. This paper aims to examine the link between economic ratios and the short- and long-term sport performance in the top tiers of Swedish football, by using a dataset of 31 clubs over the period 2000-2016. The results show that the total asset together with the ratio between wages and total income, could explain sport performance one year later with an R2 of 44 % in a multiple regression. The result also indicates that this may be explained by the total amount of wages a club is able to pay. Findings are presented along with a discussion on how the governing bodies of football could consider how regulation is communicated to the clubs.

The economics of football during the last decades has gone through a dramatic transformation. The most considerable change for both European and Swedish football clubs, is the ongoing increase of total revenues. Despite increasing revenues, several clubs experience financial problems and difficulties. This has led to a point where clubs require a proper business strategy with economics playing a big part. The previous research on the field has been dedicated to the link between sport performance and economics, but above all on English and Spanish football clubs. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the impact of a potential correlation between sport performance and club economy. Different economic variables were examined during the period of 2010-2016 in Swedish elite league for men, Allsvenskan. In the study, the results show a link between club economy and sport performances, which previous studies have already proved. Player salaries measured highest among the examined variables, although none showed a strong correlation.

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Title: Design of test set for long-term monitoring of top-level karate karate athletes. Objectives: The aim of this work is to design the test set for long-term monitoring of the top-level karate athletes. Methods: A total of 26 probands (10 women and 16 men) aged 18-26 years were included in the research. Everyone has practiced karate for at least 2 years and they are holders of a minimal green belt. A total of 10 motor tests were included in the designed test set. Selected 7 tests from this test set were tested by the test-retest method. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine reliability and objectivity. Results: Modified Bass test (rrel=0,83, robj=0,94), repeated punches and blocks gedanbarai + choku cuki (rrel=0,82, robj=0,95), repeated mawashigeri kicks (rrel=0,93, robj=0,97), shuttle run 30x10 m (rrel=0,83), straight two arms medicine ball throw from heiko dachi stance (rrel=0,91), knee to wall touch (rrel=0,97), height of jokogeri kick (rrel=0,97). Keywords: karate, kata, the structure of sport performance, testing, test set

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Effects of a custom bite-aligning mouthguard on performance in college football players. J Strength Cond Res 30(5): 1409-1415, 2016 - Besides injury prevention, mouthguards can also be employed to improve physical performance. The effects of personalization of mouthguards have rarely been investigated. This 3-armed, randomized, controlled crossover trial investigated the difference of wearing (a) personalized or custom-made (CM, e.g., bite-aligned), (b) standard (BB, boil and bite), and (c) no (CON) mouthguards on general fitness parameters in experienced collegiate football players. A group of 10 upperclassmen (age, 19-22 years; mean ± SD: age 20.7 ± 0.8 years; body mass 83 ± 7.4 kg; height 179.1 ± 5.2 cm; body mass index 25.9 ± 2.2 kg·cm -2), National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II football players with at least 2 years of playing experience, were randomly assigned to the 3 mouthguard conditions: a randomized, within-subjects repeated-measures design was applied. All participants were randomly tested on strength and endurance performance Vo 2 max testing, with Bruce treadmill protocol including (a) time to fatigue, (b) blood lactate concentration in millimoles per liter at stage 2 and (c) at peak fatigue, (d) flexibility, (e) reaction time, (f) squat vertical jump, (g) countermovement vertical jump, and (h) 1 repetition maximum bench press. Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed no significant differences between the 3 conditions for each outcome variable (0.23 < p < 0.94; 0.007 < < 0.15). These data indicate that CM mouthguards did not superiorly affect general fitness parameters compared with BB and CON. In turn, protective BB or CM mouthpieces did not appear to impair general fitness performance vs. CON. The recommendation of a custom bite-aligning mouthguards for performance enhancement in young Division II football players is questioned. Further studies with larger sample sizes, gender comparison, and (sport) discipline-specific performance testing are needed.