Properly written waiver of liability forms can be an effective tool in decreasing injury liability of intramural and recreational sports programs. In order for a waiver to be effective, (i.e., held up in court), participants must not only read and sign the waiver, but they must understand it as well. Readability, the ease of which text can be read and understood, is an important part of a well-written waiver. Waiver of liability forms should be written at a reading level consistent with that of the intended audience. On average, students read three grade levels below the last grade they completed in school. The highest grade level at which waiver of liability forms written for use in college settings should be the 9th grade. The main goal of this study was to assess the reading level of intramural and recreational sport waiver of liability forms, and compare them to the 9th grade level. Nine NIRSA member schools and nine non-NIRSA member schools from each of the six NIRSA regions were randomly selected for inclusion in this study. Following multiple mailings, the forms received were scanned into a computer, and readability was assessed using the Readability Calculation software (Micro Power & Light, Dallas, TX) for McIntosh. A one-sample t-test was performed to compare the forms to the 9th grade reading level. Forms were written significantly higher than the 9th grade level (t[26]=14.53, p<.0001). An analysis of variance was performed to assess possible moderating variables (e.g., NIRSA membership status and involvement of a risk management team in writing the waiver). No significant differences were found. Font size was also measured, and forms were found to have been written at a significantly higher level then the recommended 12 point font (t[28]=-2.88, p<.01). This study brings into questions the efficacy of waiver of liability forms used in many collegiate/university intramural and recreational sports programs in the U.S. / Graduation date: 2003

Please read the abstract (Synopsis) in the section, 00front, of this document / Thesis (DPhil (HMS))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences / unrestricted

M.Phil. / South Africa’s re-admission into international sport has contributed to the increase in the number of participants in sport in the country. Government also aims to promote and deliver programmes to develop sport at all levels of participation. The bodies responsible for these programmes are also responsible for policy development in sport on national and local level but not for the development of policies in sport at secondary school level. It is the responsibility of the Department of Education and related bodies for sport at school level such as USSASA. Sport participation at secondary school level could lead to potential injuries or permanent disabilities. The South African Constitution (Act 108 of 1996) does not focus on the management of sport or risks within school sport as it does not deal with specific issues or social activities but only provides a broad framework regulating all social activities including sport. Safety in school sport becomes part of risk management and not enough emphasis is placed on minimising the risks of injuries and law suits against the management of schools or sport managers, coaches or administrators. The problem is thus to identify and assess current practices that are related to the management of school sport in order to recommend guidelines for policy, procedures and practices for risk management in sport at secondary schools in Gauteng. Out of a population of 450 secondary schools, a sample of n=170 schools were drawn. Only 37 questionnaires were returned, but the results obtained still provided meaningful insights with regard to the management of risks in sport. In evaluating current risks management practises through descriptive statistical methods the conclusion could be reached that in general sport managers are aware of the legal responsibility towards participants in sport and that there is a perceived need to enhance certain legal liability aspects at secondary schools. / Prof. C. Singh

This case study involved a safety and maintenance audit of Mercer University's intramural and recreational sports program. The purpose of the audit was to expose potentially hazardous conditions in the area of supervision, conduct of activities, facilities and equipment. A method of risk reduction in the form of a risk management strategy was implemented to control for potential injury producing conditions to participants. Regular safety inspections, the hiring and training of program supervisors, upgrading of facilities and equipment and a closer relationship between the intramural program and other campus departments were some of the remedial steps taken at Mercer to provide a relatively safe environment. / M.S.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-06T12:55:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ceres Linck dos Santos.pdf: 1031580 bytes, checksum: 24bb61e10b252149d812fef8fb81f2fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-06T12:55:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ceres Linck dos Santos.pdf: 1031580 bytes, checksum: 24bb61e10b252149d812fef8fb81f2fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-07 / This study aims to analyze the structure of the legal transaction in the tripartite plan, focusing on the invalidities and on the principle of conservation, as normative source for the appearance of interpretations or techniques that aim at the effectiveness of the negotiation declaration and the effectiveness of the law. In the investigation of the limits of freedom and of private autonomy for the practice of legal transactions, it assesses the public interest should always be considered supreme in relation to private interest or in what form they are related. Subsequently, a number of invalidity treatment institutes, such as reduction and substantial conversion, are analyzed. In the end, it focuses on the autonomy provided for in article.217, item I of the Federal Constitution, aimed at the organizational and functional regulation of leading sports organizations and associations, analyzing the applicability of the conservation principle and techniques for dealing with disability in the scope of the legal relations of sports law, exemplifying two practical cases / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a estrutura dos negócios jurídicos no plano tripartite, focando nas invalidades e no princípio da conservação, enquanto fonte normativa para o surgimento de interpretações ou técnicas que visem à eficácia da declaração negocial e à efetividade do direito. Na investigação dos limites da liberdade e autonomia privada para a prática de negócios jurídicos, avalia-se se o interesse público deve ser considerado sempre supremo em relação ao interesse privado ou de que forma se relacionam. Posteriormente, analisa-se, pontualmente, alguns institutos de tratamento de invalidades, como a redução e a conversão substancial. Ao final, foca-se na autonomia prevista no art.217, inciso I da Constituição Federal, destinada à regulamentação organizacional e funcional de entidades desportivas dirigentes e associações, analisando-se a aplicabilidade do princípio da conservação e de técnicas de tratamento das invalidades no âmbito das relações jurídicas de direito desportivo, exemplificando com dois casos práticos

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-11T11:51:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luís Felipe Ferreira Dib.pdf: 1029286 bytes, checksum: 17ac04bb3eab235e7b7b2854babe0286 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-11T11:51:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luís Felipe Ferreira Dib.pdf: 1029286 bytes, checksum: 17ac04bb3eab235e7b7b2854babe0286 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-07 / With the 1988 Federal Constitution, sport was allocated to constitutional levels, recognizing it’s political, economic, cultural, social, educational and, above all, legal relevance. Thus, the constituent legislator reserved a specific section for sport, notably, the article 217 of CF88, recognizing its inseparable character of life. This article demonstrates, in the words of Professor Álvaro Melo Filho, that "(sports law) is not a disposable right", so much that "healthy and endowed with depth and institutional breadth, serving as beacon or cornerstone of the jus-sport pyramid with its complexities, variations and specificities. " In dealing with the Brazilian Sport Court, the first and second paragraphs (§ 1 and 2) of art. 217, providing for the Brazilian Sport Court formulated as a single jurisdictional presupposition inserted in the bulge of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil. It is important to point out that the Brazilian Courts of Sport are essentially sui generis, without any reference in previous jurisdictions. In this context, the purpose of this study is to discuss the effectiveness of sports law in the area of the effectiveness of judgments rendered in the field of sporting justice and what mechanisms in our legal system may be adopted to guarantee their execution / Com a Constituição Federal de 1988, o Desporto alocou-se em patamares constitucionais, reconhecendo-se a sua relevância política, econômica, cultural, social, educacional e, sobretudo, jurídica. Sendo assim, o legislador constituinte reservou uma seção específica ao desporto, notadamente, o artigo 217 da CF88, reconhecendo-se o seu caráter indissociável da vida. Atestando, o referido dispositivo, nas palavras do Professor Álvaro Melo Filho, “não ser (o direito desportivo) um direito descartável”, tanto que “hígido e dotado de profundidade e amplitude institucional, servindo de balizamento ou pedra angular da pirâmide jus-desportiva brasileira com suas complexidades, variações e especificidades”. Ao tratar da Justiça Desportiva brasileira, destacam-se os parágrafos primeiro e segundo (§ 1º e 2º) do art. 217, prevendo a Justiça Desportiva brasileira formulada como um único pressuposto jurisdicional inserido no bojo da própria Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil. Importante salientar que as Cortes do Desporto brasileiro revestem-se num caráter de Justiça essencialmente sui generis, sem qualquer referência nos ordenamentos anteriores. Tendo este pano de fundo, objetiva-se neste estudo dissertar sobre a efetividade do direito desportivo no plano da eficácia das decisões proferidas no âmbito da justiça desportiva e quais mecanismos existentes em nosso Ordenamento Jurídico que podem vir a ser adotados para garantir a sua execução

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-03-16T12:14:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Henrique Raguza.pdf: 564995 bytes, checksum: 77f4d7087474f829c27df13987321fa0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-16T12:14:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Henrique Raguza.pdf: 564995 bytes, checksum: 77f4d7087474f829c27df13987321fa0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / One of the subjects with few studies, but that represents one of the foundations of the Law, is the jurisdiction. Its historical origin is intrinsically related to the evolution of society, and the practical purpose of discussing this interesting institute is to understand the growing search for alterative solutions to conflicts. It couldn’t be ignored, in a discourse on jurisdiction, the concept of the State, from its formation, to the most recent three Powers theory, and the system of checks and balances inserted in the Federal Constitution. On the other hand, the Judiciary is a clearer and more evident manifestation of the jurisdiction practical application, and its concept and characteristics, the extension and, finally, the limits of jurisdiction are extracted. Once composed of a solid scientific substrate, we present the didactic classification currently accepted and well accepted by most of the doctrine, closing the first stage of this paper. The static scenario, from this point onwards, is the subject of provocations, in which obstacles as exceptions to the inafasability of jurisdiction, notably by the presentation of alternative methods of conflict resolution, ilustrates the current needs of a dynamic, complex and constantly changing society. Increasingly, there is the presence of private nature entities in conflict resolution, including through international cooperation among countries. Arbitration is the most classic example of an alternative method of conflict resolution, whose performance and participation of private entities is a result of the strengthening of the expression of will in clauses and contracts more prestigiously designed to the autonomy of the parties. The Sport Court, in its turn, although autonomous and independent, maintains certain influence of the State due to its traces of public, social law. And article 217, especially §§ 1 and 2, could have extended these characteristics if the text had clearly restricted the matter to be known by the Judiciary, in order to confer greater permanence to the decisions rendered by the Courts of Sports Justice. Although a long way to go, the study that we propose come from premises seen and recognized by the various branches of law, in order to establish a reasoning that leads to a proposal of repositioning the jurisdiction and, consequently, the Sports Court. Comparative analysis, similarity of some procedural aspects, applicable principles and decisions in the field of Arbitration and Sports Justice undoubtedly depict a fertile substratum for legal constructions, a challenge that we intend to follow and overcome / Um dos temas pouco estudados, mas que representa um dos alicerces do Direito, é o da jurisdição. Sua origem histórica está intrinsecamente relacionada à evolução da sociedade, e a finalidade prática de discorrer sobre este interessante instituto é compreender a crescente busca por soluções alterativas de conflitos. Não se poderia deixar de lado, em um discurso sobre jurisdição, o conceito de Estado, desde a sua formação, até a mais recente teoria dos três Poderes, do sistema de freios e contrapesos inserido na Constituição Federal. Já adentrando em aspectos mais específicos, apresenta-se o Poder Judiciário como manifestação mais clara e evidente da aplicação prática da jurisdição, extraindo-se, a partir daí seu conceito e características, a extensão e, por fim, os limites da jurisdição. Uma vez composto um sólido substrato científico, apresenta-se a classificação didática atualmente recepcionada e bem aceita pela maior parte da doutrina, fechando a primeira etapa deste trabalho. O cenário estático, deste ponto em diante, é objeto de provocações, em que obstáculos como exceções à inafastabilidade da jurisdição, notadamente pela apresentação de métodos alternativos de solução de conflitos, retratam as necessidades atuais de uma sociedade dinâmica, complexa e em constante modificação. É cada vez mais presente a atuação de entidades de natureza privada na solução de conflitos, inclusive mediante cooperação internacional entre países. A Arbitragem é o mais clássico exemplo de método alternativo de solução de conflitos, cuja atuação e participação de entidades de natureza privada é fruto do fortalecimento da manifestação de vontade em cláusulas e contratos arquitetados com maior prestígio à autonomia das partes. A Justiça Desportiva, de seu turno, embora autônoma e independente, mantém certa influência do Estado em razão de seus traços de direito público, social. E o artigo 217, notadamente os §§ 1 e 2º, poderia ter alargado estas características se a redação houvesse restringido com clareza a matéria a ser conhecida pelo Judiciário, de modo a conferir maior definitividade às decisões proferidas pelos Tribunais de Justiça Desportiva. Ainda que longo caminho a ser percorrido, o estudo que se propõe parte de premissas vistas e reconhecidas pelos diversos ramos do direito, de sorte a erigir um raciocínio que leve a uma proposta de reposicionamento da jurisdição e, consequentemente, da Justiça Desportiva. Análises comparativas, semelhança de alguns aspectos procedimentais, princípios aplicáveis e decisões no âmbito da Arbitragem e Justiça Desportiva sem dúvida retratam substrato fértil para construções jurídicas, desafio este que pretende-se percorrer e suplantar

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-03-26T12:28:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Piragini.pdf: 980844 bytes, checksum: f4a490355b040a686b6d05e83c8e2088 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-26T12:28:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Piragini.pdf: 980844 bytes, checksum: f4a490355b040a686b6d05e83c8e2088 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / The present dissertation aims to provide a reflection on the current scenario that supports the world sporting events, which increasingly require large investments for their execution, depending on the contributions of the governments that host them and, mainly, on the generation of own revenues, through sponsorship and partnerships. As states are not always able to fully finance all investments, the organizers use the exploitation of intellectual property assets for this purpose, thus requiring exceptional privileges, which will be discussed below. The question that arises refers to the sports marketing used as an instrument of viabilization of the sport activity addressing the complex relationship that is established between sponsors, athletes and clubs. Considering the aspect of the brands, the methodological didactic section delimits the field of study in the construction of the brand used by the sports organization and organization and its marketing developments. In order to reach the objective outlined, it will be necessary to apply a qualitative study methodology, and the research will be bibliographical, doctrinal, concluding with a case study in interview format, especially under comparative law bias / A presente dissertação objetiva propiciar uma reflexão sobre o atual cenário que dá suporte aos eventos esportivos mundiais os quais necessitam, cada vez mais, de vultosos investimentos para sua execução, dependendo de aportes dos governos que os sediam e, principalmente, da geração de receitas próprias, via patrocínio e parcerias. Como, nem sempre, os Estados têm condições de bancar, integralmente, todos os investimentos, as entidades organizadoras se valem da exploração dos ativos de propriedade intelectual para tal desiderato carecendo, assim, de privilégios excepcionais, o que será discutido adiante. A questão que se coloca refere-se ao marketing desportivo utilizado como instrumento de viabilização da atividade desportiva abordando a complexa relação que se estabelece entre patrocinadores, atletas e clubes. Considerando o aspecto das marcas, o corte didático metodológico proposto delimita o campo de estudo na construção da marca utilizada pelas entidades de prática e organização desportiva e seus desdobramentos mercadológicos. Para alcançar o objetivo delineado, será necessária a aplicação de uma metodologia de estudo qualitativa, sendo que a pesquisa será bibliográfica, doutrinária, concluindo com estudo de caso no formato de entrevista, especialmente sob o viés do direito comparado

University of Macau / Faculty of Law

This thesis aimed to extend knowledge of athletes’ career transitions through examining athletes’ retirement decision-making process and influence of cultural diversity and organisational culture on the process of career transition. The purpose of Study 1 was to identify the current status of knowledge in the study area through providing a systematic review of the athlete career transition studies. The findings provided up to date knowledge in the study area and suggested potential future research directions. Study 2 aimed to understand Korean tennis players’ career transition out of sport experiences via longitudinal qualitative research. The results indicated that athletes perceived making the retirement decision was difficult process for them and revealed that participants’ experiences were influenced by cultural aspects and sport contexts of Korea. Study 3 focused on exploring the athletes’ retirement decision-making process among Korean tennis players. Results showed that athletes’ leaving from sport decision-making is a complex and multidimensional process, and the transtheoretical model was helpful in explaining athletes’ retirement from sport decision-making. The objective of Study 4 was to explore the processes involved in the development of an athletes’ career transition programme. Results revealed that the organisation might have influence on athletes’ retirement decision and the quality of career transition. Overall, the findings from the current thesis provide advanced useful knowledge on the athlete career transition process, and such knowledge may assist attempts to enhance athletes’ well-being and welfare for during and post-sport life.